Nginx是一款小巧而高效的Web服务器软件,可帮您在Linux系统下快速方便地搭建出LNMP Web服务环境。本教程介绍如何手动在ECS实例上搭建LNMP环境,其中LNMP分别代表Linux、Nginx、MySQL和PHP。
本篇在示例步骤中使用了以下配置的ECS实例,实例规格为ecs.c5.large。实际操作时,请以自己的实例配置为准。
- CPU:2 vCPU
- 内存:4GiB
- 网络类型:专有网络VPC
- IP地址:公网IP
使用的相关软件的版本:
说明 当您使用不同软件版本时,可能需要根据实际情况调整命令和参数配置。
使用云服务器ECS手动搭建LNMP平台的操作流程如下:
操作步骤概述:
- 步骤一:准备编译环境
- 步骤二:安装Nginx
- 步骤三:安装MySQL
- 步骤四:安装PHP
- 步骤五:配置Nginx
- 步骤六:配置MySQL
- 步骤七:配置PHP
- 步骤八:测试访问LNMP平台
getenforce
命令进行查看(需要重启才能生效)setenforce 0
命令,将SElinux安装模式设置位“宽容模式”(即会有安全提示信息,但允许正常运行。)# yum install -y nginx
rpm -Uvh http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm
说明 如果您使用的操作系统内核版本为el8,可能会提示报错信息No match for argument。您需要先运行命令
**yum module disable mysql**
禁用默认的mysql模块,再安装MySQL。
yum -y install mysql-community-server
mysql -V
查看MySQL版本号.返回结果如下所示,表示MySQL安装成功.systemctl start mysqld
启动MySQL。systemctl enable mysqld
systemctl daemon-reload
yum install \
https://repo.ius.io/ius-release-el7.rpm \
https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
(2)输入y
确定
(3) 运行以下命令添加Webtatic源。
rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm
yum -y install php70w-devel php70w.x86_64 php70w-cli.x86_64 php70w-common.x86_64 php70w-gd.x86_64 php70w-ldap.x86_64 php70w-mbstring.x86_64 php70w-mcrypt.x86_64 php70w-pdo.x86_64 php70w-mysqlnd php70w-fpm php70w-opcache php70w-pecl-redis php70w-pecl-mongodb
# cp /etc/nginx/nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf.bak
说明 若不添加此配置信息,后续您使用浏览器访问PHP页面时,页面将无法显示。
(1) 运行以下命令打开Nginx配置文件
vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
(2) 按i进入编辑模式
(3) 在server
大括号内,添加下列配置信息。
#除下面提及的需要添加的配置信息外,其他配置保持默认值即可。
location / {
#在location大括号内添加以下信息,配置网站被访问时的默认首页
index index.php index.html index.htm;
}
#添加下列信息,配置Nginx通过fastcgi方式处理您的PHP请求
location ~ .php$ {
root /usr/share/nginx/html; #将/usr/share/nginx/html替换为您的网站根目录,本教程使用/usr/share/nginx/html作为网站根目录
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; #Nginx通过本机的9000端口将PHP请求转发给PHP-FPM进行处理
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params; #Nginx调用fastcgi接口处理PHP请求
}
systemctl start nginx
systemctl enable nginx
# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
说明 下一步重置root用户密码时,会使用该初始密码。
[root@iZsxkfb9igxuewZ ~]# mysql_secure_installation //重置root账号密码。
Securing the MySQL server deployment.
Enter password for user root: #输入上一步获取的root用户初始密码
The existing password for the user account root has expired. Please set a new password.
New password: #输入新密码,长度为8至30个字符,必须同时包含大小写英文字母、数字和特殊符号。特殊符号可以是()` ~!@#$%^&*-+=|{}[]:;‘<>,.?/
Re-enter new password: #再次输入新密码
The 'validate_password' plugin is installed on the server.
The subsequent steps will run with the existing configuration
of the plugin.
Using existing password for root.
Estimated strength of the password: 100
Do you wish to continue with the password provided?(Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y
By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
a user account created for them. This is intended only for
testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
You should remove them before moving into a production
environment.
Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y #是否删除匿名用户,输入Y
Success.
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y #禁止root远程登录,输入Y
Success.
By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that
anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,
and should be removed before moving into a production
environment.
Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y #是否删除test库和对它的访问权限,输入Y
- Dropping test database...
Success.
- Removing privileges on test database...
Success.
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
made so far will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y #是否重新加载授权表,输入Y
Success.
All done!
vim <网站根目录>/phpinfo.php #将<网站根目录>替换为您配置的网站根目录。
网站根目录是在nginx.conf文件中location ~ .php$
大括号内配置的root
值,如下图所示。
本配置的网站根目录为/usr/share/nginx/html,因此命令为:
vim /usr/share/nginx/html/phpinfo.php
(2)按i进入编辑模式。
(3)输入下列内容,函数phpinfo()
会展示PHP的所有配置信息。
<?php echo phpinfo(); ?>
systemctl start php-fpm
systemctl enable php-fpm
测试访问LNMP平台成功后,建议运行以下命令将phpinfo.php文件删除,消除安全隐患。
rm -rf <网站根目录>/phpinfo.php #将<网站根目录>替换为您在nginx.conf中配置的网站根目录
本配置的网站根目录为/usr/share/nginx/html,因此命令为:
rm -rf /usr/share/nginx/html/phpinfo.php