基于pygame的飞船大战外星人游戏

作为一名热爱玩游戏且正在学习Python的小白，自然对“做游戏”产生了浓厚的兴趣。正好《Python从入门到实践》一书中有一个游戏项目，自己便拿来边学边练手。
真正自己做游戏才明白开发游戏是一件多么难的事，但凡有一个方面考虑不周可能游戏就会产生bug，所以对游戏的那些狗策划倒也有了些同情，，，
言归正传，下面是游戏的代码，左右键移动，空格键射击，诸君可以自己运行玩一玩。
整个游戏代码主要由以下几部分组成：

1. 主函数gogo.py
2. 飞船模块Ship.py
3. 外星人模块alien.py
4. 设置模块Setting.py
5. 包含大部分系统功能的模块game_function.py
6. 子弹模块biu.py
7. 负责存储系统信息的模块gamestate.py
8. 按钮模块button.py
9. 计分板模块scoreboard.py

gogo.py

import pygame
import game_function as gf
#设置
from Settings import Settings
#宇宙飞船类
from Ship import Ship
#创建子弹编组
from pygame.sprite import Group
#w外星人
from alien import Alien
#数据存储类
from gamestate import Gamestate
#按钮类
from button import Button
#计分板
from scoreboard import Scoreboard
#运行游戏
def main():
    pygame.init()
    setting=Settings()
    screen=pygame.display.set_mode((setting.screen_width,setting.screen_height))
    pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")
    ship=Ship(setting,screen)
    bius=Group()
    aliens=Group()
    gf.creat_aliens(setting,screen,aliens,ship)
    state=Gamestate(setting)
    play_button=Button(screen,setting,'PLAY')
    score_board=Scoreboard(screen,setting,state)
    while True:
            gf.check_events(ship,setting,screen,bius,play_button,state,aliens,score_board)
            if state.alive and state.game:
                ship.move()
                gf.biu_update(aliens, bius, setting, screen, ship, state, score_board)
               # gf.jiancepengzhuang(aliens,bius,setting,screen,ship,state,score_board)
                gf.update_aliens(aliens,setting,ship,state,screen,bius,score_board)
            gf.update_screen(screen,setting,ship,bius,aliens,play_button,state,score_board)



if __name__=='__main__':
    main()

Ship.py

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
from Settings import Settings
class Ship(Sprite):
    #初始化飞船
    def __init__(self,setting,screen):
        super(Ship,self).__init__()
        self.screen=screen
        self.image=pygame.image.load('D:/ship.BMP')
        self.rect=self.image.get_rect()
        self.seting=Settings()
        self.screen_rect=screen.get_rect()

        #放置位置
        self.rect.centerx=self.screen_rect.centerx
        self.locate=float(self.rect.centerx)
        self.rect.bottom=self.screen_rect.bottom
        self.moving_right=False
        self.moving_left=False
    def move(self):
        if self.moving_right and self.rect.centerx<self.screen_rect.right:
            self.locate+=self.seting.ship_speed
        if self.moving_left and self.rect.centerx>0:
            self.locate-=self.seting.ship_speed
        self.rect.centerx=self.locate

    def Blitme(self):
        self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)
    def center_ship(self):
        self.center=self.screen_rect.centerx

Setting.py

import pygame
import sys
class Settings(object):
    def __init__(self):
        #屏幕设置
        self.screen_color=(230,230,230)
        self.screen_width=1200
        self.screen_height=600
        #飞船设置
        self.ship_num = 1
        #子弹设置
        self.biu_height=15
        self.biu_color=(60,60,60)
        self.biu_num=10
        self.alien_speed=1
        self.alien_downspeed=5
        self.flag=1
        self.ship_num=1
        self.game_speed=1.1
        self.static_gg()
    def static_gg(self):
        self.ship_speed = 1.5
        self.biu_speed = 1
        self.biu_width = 5
        self.alien_speed = 1
        self.alien_point = 50
    def level_up(self):
        self.ship_speed*=self.game_speed
        self.biu_speed*=self.game_speed
        self.biu_width *=1.5
        self.alien_speed*=self.game_speed
        self.alien_point=int(self.alien_point*self.game_speed)

alien.py

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite

class Alien(Sprite):
    def __init__(self,screen,setting):
        super().__init__()
        self.screen=screen
        self.setting=setting
        self.image=pygame.image.load('D://alien.BMP')
        self.rect=self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.x=self.rect.width
        self.rect.y=self.rect.height
        self.x=float(self.rect.x)
    def check_edge(self):
        screen_rect=self.screen.get_rect()
        if self.rect.right>screen_rect.right:
            return True
        elif self.rect.left<0:
            return True


    def update(self):
        self.x+=self.setting.alien_speed*self.setting.flag
        self.rect.x=self.x
    def blitalien(self):
        self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)

game_function.py

import pygame
import sys
from biu import Biu
from alien import Alien
from time import sleep
#键位按下
def key_down(event,ship,setting,bius,screen):
    if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
        ship.moving_right = True
    elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
        ship.moving_left = True
    elif event.key==pygame.K_SPACE:
        if len(bius)<=setting.biu_num:
            new_biu=Biu(setting,screen,ship)
            bius.add(new_biu)
#键位抬开
def key_up(event,ship):
    if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
        ship.moving_right = False
    elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
        ship.moving_left = False
        #检查事件
def check_play_button(state,play_button,mouse_x,mouse_y,aliens,ship,bius,setting,screen,score_board):
    if play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y):
        setting.static_gg()
        state.rest_stats()
        state.game=True
        aliens.empty()
        bius.empty()
        creat_aliens(setting,screen,aliens,ship)
        ship.center_ship()
        score_board.creatscore()
        score_board.creatlevel()
        score_board.creatship()
def check_events(ship,setting,screen,bius,play_button,state,aliens,score_board):
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            sys.exit()
        elif event.type==pygame.KEYDOWN:
           key_down(event,ship,setting,bius,screen)
        elif event.type==pygame.KEYUP:
           key_up(event,ship)
        elif event.type==pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
            mouse_x,mouse_y=pygame.mouse.get_pos()
            check_play_button(state,play_button,mouse_x,mouse_y,aliens,ship,bius,setting,screen,score_board)

#子弹发射
def biu_update(aliens, bius, setting, screen, ship, state, score_board):
    bius.update()
    # 删除已经飞出屏幕的子弹
    for biu in bius.copy():
        if biu.rect.bottom < 0:
            bius.remove(biu)
    jiancepengzhuang(aliens, bius, setting, screen, ship, state, score_board)
def get_num_x(setting,alien_width):
    allowed_long = setting.screen_width - 2 * alien_width
    num_aliens_x = int(allowed_long / (2 * alien_width))
    return num_aliens_x
def get_num_y(setting,ship_height,alien_height):
    allowed_y=(setting.screen_height-3*alien_height-ship_height)
    num_aliens_y=int(allowed_y/(2*alien_height))
    return num_aliens_y

def creat_alien(setting,screen,aliens,num_aliens_x,num_aliens_y):
    alien = Alien(screen, setting)
    alien_width = alien.rect.width
    alien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width * num_aliens_x
    alien.y = alien.rect.height+2*alien.rect.height*num_aliens_y
    alien.rect.x=alien.x
    alien.rect.y=alien.y
    aliens.add(alien)
def creat_aliens(setting,screen,aliens,ship):
    alien=Alien(screen,setting)
    num_aliens_x=get_num_x(setting,alien.rect.width)
    num_aliens_y=get_num_y(setting,ship.rect.height,alien.rect.height)
    for numy in range(num_aliens_y):
        for num in range(num_aliens_x):
            creat_alien(setting,screen,aliens,num,numy)
def change(setting,aliens):
    for alien in aliens:
        alien.rect.y+=setting.alien_downspeed
    setting.flag*=-1
def checkedge(setting,aliens):
    for alien in aliens:
        if alien.check_edge():
            change(setting,aliens)
            break
def ship_hit(setting,state,screen,ship,aliens,bius,score_board):
    if state.ship_left>0:
        state.ship_left-=1
        score_board.creatship()
        aliens.empty()
        bius.empty()
        creat_aliens(setting,screen,aliens,ship)
        ship.center_ship()
        sleep(0.5)
    else:
        state.alive=False
        state.game=False
def update_aliens(aliens,setting,ship,state,screen,bius,score_board):
    checkedge(setting,aliens)
    aliens.update()
    if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(ship,aliens):
        ship_hit(setting,state,screen,ship,aliens,bius,score_board)
    check_alien_bottom(setting,state,screen,ship,aliens,bius)
def jiancepengzhuang(aliens,bius,setting,screen,ship,state,score_board):
    gg=pygame.sprite.groupcollide(bius,aliens,True,True)
    for aliens in gg.values():
        state.score+=setting.alien_point*len(aliens)
        score_board.creatscore()
        score_board.show_score()
    if len(aliens)==0:
        setting.level_up()
        bius.empty()
        state.level+=1
        score_board.creatlevel()
        score_board.show_score()
        creat_aliens(setting,screen,aliens,ship)
def check_alien_bottom(setting,state,screen,ship,aliens,bius):
    screen_rect=screen.get_rect()
    for alien in aliens:
        if alien.rect.bottom>=screen_rect.bottom:
            ship_hit(setting, state, screen, ship, aliens, bius)
            break

def update_screen(screen,setting,ship,bius,aliens,paly_button,state,score_board):
    screen.fill(setting.screen_color)
    ship.Blitme()
    for biu in bius:
      biu.draw()
    aliens.draw(screen)
    score_board.show_score()
    if not state.game:
        paly_button.draw_button()
    # 让最新变化可见
    pygame.display.flip()

biu.py

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite

class Biu(Sprite):
    def __init__(self,setting,screen,ship):
        super(Biu,self).__init__()
        self.screen=screen

        self.rect=pygame.Rect(0,0,setting.biu_width,setting.biu_height)
        self.rect.centerx=ship.rect.centerx
        self.rect.top=ship.rect.top
        self.y=float(self.rect.y)
        self.color=setting.biu_color
        self.speed=setting.biu_speed
    def update(self):
        self.y-=self.speed
        self.rect.y=self.y
    def draw(self):
        pygame.draw.rect(self.screen,self.color,self.rect)

gamestate.py

class Gamestate():
    def __init__(self,setting):
        self.setting=setting
        self.rest_stats()
        self.game=False
    def rest_stats(self):
        self.ship_left=self.setting.ship_num
        self.alive=True
        self.score=0
        self.level=1

button.py

import pygame.font

class Button():
    def __init__(self,screen,setting,msg):
        self.screen=screen
        self.screen_rect=screen.get_rect()
        self.width,self.height=200,50
        self.button_color=(0,255,0)
        self.text_color=(255,255,255)
        self.font=pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)
        self.rect=pygame.Rect(0,0,self.width,self.height)
        self.rect.center=self.screen_rect.center
        self.creatmsg(msg)
    def creatmsg(self,msg):
        self.msg_image=self.font.render(msg,True,self.text_color,self.button_color)
        self.msg_image_rect=self.msg_image.get_rect()
        self.msg_image_rect.center=self.rect.center
    def draw_button(self):
        self.screen.fill(self.button_color,self.rect)
        self.screen.blit(self.msg_image,self.msg_image_rect)

scordboard.py

import pygame.font
from pygame.sprite import Group
from Ship import Ship
class Scoreboard():
    def __init__(self,screen,setting,state):
        self.screen=screen
        self.screen_rect=screen.get_rect()
        self.setting=setting
        self.state=state
        self.text_color=(30,30,30)
        self.font=pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)
        self.creatscore()
        self.creatlevel()
        self.creatship()
    def creatship(self):
        self.ships=Group()
        for ship_num in range(self.state.ship_left):
            ship=Ship(self.setting,self.screen)
            ship.rect.x=10+ship_num*ship.rect.width
            ship.rect.y=10
            self.ships.add(ship)
    def creatlevel(self):
        self.level_image=self.font.render(str(self.state.level),True,self.text_color,self.setting.screen_color)
        self.level_rect=self.level_image.get_rect()
        self.level_rect.right=self.score_rect.right
        self.level_rect.top=self.score_rect.bottom+10
    def creatscore(self):
        rounded_score=int(round(self.state.score,-1))
        score_str="{:,}".format(rounded_score)
        self.image=self.font.render(score_str,True,self.text_color,self.setting.screen_color)
        self.score_rect=self.image.get_rect()
        self.score_rect.right=self.screen_rect.right-20
        self.score_rect.top=20
    def show_score(self):
        self.screen.blit(self.image,self.score_rect)
        self.screen.blit(self.level_image,self.level_rect)
        self.ships.draw(self.screen)

游戏运行的时候如图（单击play开始）：

代码暂时就是这样，还有一些补充后序我会更新的，比如最高分当然游戏还是有bug，如果你太强了，玩到子弹大约有三个屏幕宽的时候游戏便会炸掉orz，溜了
最大的毛病就是几乎没有注释，经过做一次这种项目我是深深了解了注释有多么重要！如果我还有时间一定会回来把这个补充完整的！