pygame开发飞机大战外星人游戏
主函数
import pygame
from settings import Settings
from ship import Ship
import game_function as gf
from pygame.sprite import Group
from alien import Alien
from game_stats import GameStats
from button import Button
from scoreboard import Scoreboard
def run_game():
"""初始化游戏并创建一个屏幕对象"""
pygame.init()
ai_settings = Settings()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(
(ai_settings.screen_width,ai_settings.screen_height))
pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")
# 创建Play按钮
play_button = Button(ai_settings, screen, "Play")
# 创建一个用于存储游戏统计信息的实例, 并创建记分牌
stats = GameStats(ai_settings)
sb = Scoreboard(ai_settings, screen, stats)
# 创建一艘飞船
ship = Ship(ai_settings, screen)
# 创建一个用于存储子弹的数组
bullets = Group()
aliens = Group()
# 创建外星人群
gf.create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens)
# 开始游戏主循环
while True:
gf.check_events(ai_settings, screen, stats, play_button, ship, aliens, bullets)
if stats.game_active:
ship.update()
gf.update_bullets(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets)
gf.update_aliens(ai_settings, stats, screen, ship, aliens, bullets)
gf.update_screen(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets, play_button)
run_game()设置函数，存放游戏各种设置信息
class Settings():
"""存储《外星人》的所有设置类"""
def __init__(self):
"""初始化游戏设置"""
# 屏幕设置
self.screen_width = 1200
self.screen_height = 800
self.bg_color = (230, 230, 230)
# 飞船的设置
self.ship_speed_factor = 1.5
self.ship_limit = 3
# 子弹设置
self.bullet_speed_factor = 3
self.bullet_width = 3
self.bullet_height = 15
self.bullet_color = 60, 60, 60
self.bullets_allowed = 6
# 外星人设置
self.fleet_drop_speed = 10
# 以什么样的速度加快游戏节奏
self.speedup_scale = 1.1
# 外星人点数的提高速度
self.score_scale = 1.5
self.initialize_dynamic_settings()
def initialize_dynamic_settings(self):
"""初始化随游戏进行而变化的设置"""
self.ship_speed_factor = 1.5
self.bullet_speed_factor = 3
self.alien_speed_factor = 1
# fleet_direction为1表示向右，-1表示向左
self.fleet_direction = 1
# 计分
self.alien_points = 50
def increase_speed(self):
"""提高速度设置和外星人点数"""
self.ship_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale
self.bullet_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale
self.alien_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale
self.alien_points = int(self.alien_points * self.score_scale)飞船类，主要利用外接矩形的方法处理飞船的位置（包括移动接受移动操作）
import pygame
class Ship():
def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen):
"""初始化飞船并设置其初始位置"""
self.screen = screen
self.ai_settings = ai_settings
# 加载飞船图像并获取外接矩形
self.image = pygame.image.load('images/ship.bmp')
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
# 将每艘新飞船放在屏幕底中央
self.rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx
self.rect.bottom = self.screen_rect.bottom
# 在飞船的属性center中存储飞船中心位置
self.center = float(self.rect.centerx)
# 移动标志
self.moving_right = False
self.moving_left = False
def update(self):
"""根据移动标志调整飞机位置"""
if self.moving_right and self.rect.right < self.screen_rect.right:
self.center += self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor
if self.moving_left and self.rect.left > 0:
self.center -= self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor
# 根据self.center 更改rect对象
self.rect.centerx = self.center
def blitme(self):
"""在指定位置绘制飞船"""
self.screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)
def center_ship(self):
"""让飞机在屏幕上居中"""
self.center = self.screen_rect.centerx外星人类，利用外接矩形原理控制外星人的位置，同时具有边缘检测功能（继承pygame的Sprite类用来类似列表管理外星人）
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Alien(Sprite):
"""表示单个外星人"""
def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen, aliens):
"""初始化外星人并设置其起始位置"""
super(Alien,self).__init__()
self.screen = screen
self.ai_settings = ai_settings
# 加载外星人图像，并设置rect属性
self.image = pygame.image.load('images/alien.bmp')
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
# 每个外星人最初都在屏幕右上角附近
self.rect.x = self.rect.width
self.rect.y = self.rect.height
# 存储外星人的准确位置
self.x = float(self.rect.x)
def blitme(self):
"""在指定位置绘制外星人"""
self.screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)
def check_edges(self):
"""如果外星人位于屏幕边缘， 就返回True"""
screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
if self.rect.right > screen_rect.right:
return True
elif self.rect.left < 0:
return True
def update(self):
"""向左或向右移动外星人"""
self.x +=(self.ai_settings.alien_speed_factor *
self.ai_settings.fleet_direction)
self.rect.x = self.x子弹类，管理子弹的移动，显示，绘制，从Pygame的Sprite类继承
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Bullet(Sprite):
"""一个对飞船发射的子弹进行管理的类"""
def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen, ship):
"""在飞船所处的位置创建一个子弹对象"""
super(Bullet,self).__init__()
self.screen = screen
# 在（0，0）处创建一个表示子弹的矩形， 再设置正确的位置
self.rect =pygame.Rect(0, 0, ai_settings.bullet_width,
ai_settings.bullet_height)
self.rect.centerx = ship.rect.centerx
self.rect.top = ship.rect.top
# 子弹位置用小数存储表示
self.y =float(self.rect.y)
self.color = ai_settings.bullet_color
self.speed_factor = ai_settings.bullet_speed_factor
def update(self):
"""向上移动子弹"""
# 跟新表示子弹位置的小数值
self.y -=self.speed_factor
#跟新表示子弹包围盒的位置
self.rect.y = self.y
def draw_bullet(self):
"""在屏幕上绘制子弹"""
pygame.draw.rect(self.screen,self.color,self.rect)开始窗口类，存放开始窗口的位置和显示开始窗口，使用pygame中的font函数
import pygame.font
class Button():
def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen, msg):
"""初始化按钮的属性"""
self.screen = screen
self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
# 设置按钮的尺寸和其他属性
self.width, self.height = 200, 50
self.button_color = (0, 255, 0)
self.text_color = (255, 255, 255)
self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 48)
# 创建按钮的rect对象， 并使其居中
self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, self.width, self.height)
self.rect.center = self.screen_rect.center
# 按钮的标签只需创建一次
self.prep_msg(msg)
def prep_msg(self, msg):
"""将msg渲染为图像， 并使其在按钮上居中"""
self.msg_image = self.font.render(msg, True, self.text_color, self.button_color)
self.msg_image_rect = self.msg_image.get_rect()
self.msg_image_rect.center = self.rect.center
def draw_button(self):
"""绘制一个用颜色填充的按钮，再绘制文本"""
self.screen.fill(self.button_color, self.rect)
self.screen.blit(self.msg_image, self.msg_image_rect)游戏状态类，存放游戏当前状态信息，可不断优化
class GameStats():
"""跟踪游戏的统计信息"""
def __init__(self,ai_settings):
"""初始化统计信息"""
self.ai_settings = ai_settings
self.reset_stats()
# 游戏刚启动时处于活动状态
self.game_active = False
def reset_stats(self):
""""初始化在游戏运行期间可能发生变化的统计信息"""
self.ships_left = self.ai_settings.ship_limit
self.score = 0得分显示类，显示得分列表和窗口显示位置，使用pygame中font函数
import pygame.font
class Scoreboard():
"""现实得分信息类"""
def prep_score(self):
"""将得分转化为一副渲染的图像"""
rounder_score = int(round(self.stats.score, -1))
score_str = "{:,}".format(rounder_score)
self.score_image = self.font.render(score_str, True, self.text_color, self.ai_settings.bg_color)
# 将得分放在屏幕右上角
self.score_rect = self.score_image.get_rect()
self.score_rect.right = self.screen_rect.right - 20
self.score_rect.top = 20
def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen, stats):
"""初始化显示得分涉及的属性"""
self.screen = screen
self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
self.ai_settings = ai_settings
self.stats = stats
# 显示得分信息时使用的字体设置
self.text_color = (30, 30, 30)
self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None , 48)
# 准备初始得分图像
self.prep_score()
def show_score(self):
"""在屏幕上显示得分"""
self.screen.blit(self.score_image, self.score_rect)
游戏主功能函数，包括按键响应，事件监听，船和外星人碰撞，子弹和外星人碰撞，一系列业务逻辑
import sys
import pygame
from bullet import Bullet
from alien import Alien
from time import sleep
def check_keydown_events(event, ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets):
"""按下响应按键"""
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
ship.moving_right = True
elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
ship.moving_left = True
elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
fire_bullet(ai_settings,screen, ship, bullets)
elif event.key == pygame.K_q:
sys.exit()
def check_keyup_events(event, ship):
"""松开响应按键"""
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
ship.moving_right = False
elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
ship.moving_left = False
def check_events(ai_settings, screen, stats, play_button, ship, aliens, bullets):
"""响应按键和鼠标事件"""
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
sys.exit()
elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
check_keydown_events(event, ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets)
elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
check_keyup_events(event, ship)
elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
check_keydown_events(event, ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets)
elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
mouse_x, mouse_y = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
check_play_button(ai_settings, screen, stats, play_button, ship, aliens, bullets, mouse_x, mouse_y)
def check_play_button(ai_settings, screen, stats, play_button, ship, aliens, bullets, mouse_x, mouse_y):
"""在玩家单击Play按钮时开始新游戏"""
button_clicked = play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_x, mouse_y)
if button_clicked and not stats.game_active:
# 重置游戏设置
ai_settings.initialize_dynamic_settings()
# 隐藏光标
pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)
# 重置游戏统计信息
stats.reset_stats()
stats.game_active = True
# 清空外星人列表和子弹列表
aliens.empty()
bullets.empty()
# 创建一群新的外星人， 并让飞船居中
create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens)
ship.center_ship()
def update_screen(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets, play_button):
"""跟新屏幕上的图像，并切换到新的屏幕"""
# 每次循环时都重画屏幕
screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_color)
# 在飞船和外星人后面重绘子弹
for bullet in bullets.sprites():
bullet.draw_bullet()
ship.blitme()
aliens.draw(screen)
# 显示得分
sb.show_score()
# 如果游戏处于非活动状态， 就绘制Play按钮
if not stats.game_active:
play_button.draw_button()
# 让最近绘制的屏幕可见
pygame.display.flip()
def update_bullets(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets):
"""跟新子弹的位置， 并删除已消失的子弹"""
# 跟新子弹的位置
bullets.update()
# 删除已消失的子弹
for bullet in bullets.copy():
if bullet.rect.bottom < 0:
bullets.remove(bullet)
check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets)
def check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets):
"""响应子弹和外星人的碰撞"""
# 删除发生碰撞的子弹和外星人
collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(bullets, aliens, True, True)
if collisions:
for aliens in collisions.values():
stats.score += ai_settings.alien_points * len(aliens)
sb.prep_score()
if len(aliens) == 0:
# 删除现有的子弹并新建一群外星人,同时加快游戏节奏
bullets.empty()
ai_settings.increase_speed()
create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens)
def fire_bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets):
""""如果没有达到限制，就发射一颗子弹"""
# 创建一颗子弹， 并将其加入到编组bullets中
if len(bullets) < ai_settings.bullets_allowed:
new_bullet = Bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship)
bullets.add(new_bullet)
def get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings, alien_width):
"""计算每行可容纳多少个外星人"""
available_space_x = ai_settings.screen_width - 2 * alien_width
number_aliens_x = int(available_space_x / (2 * alien_width))
return number_aliens_x
def get_number_row(ai_settings, ship_height, alien_height):
"""计算屏幕可以容纳多少行外星人"""
available_space_y =(ai_settings.screen_height -
(3 * alien_height) - ship_height)
number_rows = int(available_space_y / (2 * alien_height))
return number_rows
def create_alien(ai_settings, screen, aliens, alien_number, row_number):
"""创建一个外星人并将其放在当前行"""
alien = Alien(ai_settings, screen, aliens)
alien_width = alien.rect.width
alien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width * alien_number
alien.rect.x = alien.x
alien.rect.y = alien.rect.height + 2 * alien.rect.height * row_number
aliens.add(alien)
def create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens):
"""创建外星人群"""
# 创建一个外星人， 并计算一行可容纳多少个外星人
# 外星人间距为外星人的宽度
alien = Alien(ai_settings, screen, aliens)
number_aliens_x = get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings, alien.rect.width)
number_rows = get_number_row(ai_settings, ship.rect.height, alien.rect.height)
# 创建外形人群
for row_number in range(number_rows):
for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):
create_alien(ai_settings, screen, aliens, alien_number, row_number)
def check_fleet_edges(ai_settings, aliens):
""""有外星人到达边缘时采取相应的措施"""
for alien in aliens.sprites():
if alien.check_edges():
change_fleet_direction(ai_settings, aliens)
break
def change_fleet_direction(ai_settings, aliens):
"""将外星人整体下移，并改变方向"""
for alien in aliens.sprites():
alien.rect.y += ai_settings.fleet_drop_speed
ai_settings.fleet_direction *= -1
def update_aliens(ai_settings, stats, screen, ship, aliens, bullets):
"""
检查是否有外星人到达屏幕边缘
然后跟新所有外星人的位置
"""
check_fleet_edges(ai_settings, aliens)
aliens.update()
# 检测外星人和飞船之间的碰撞
if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(ship, aliens):
ship_hit(ai_settings, stats, screen, ship, aliens, bullets)
# 检查是否有外星人到达屏幕底端
check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings, stats, screen, ship, aliens, bullets)
def ship_hit(ai_settings, stats, screen, ship, aliens, bullets):
"""响应被外星人撞到的飞船"""
if stats.ships_left > 0:
# 将ships_left减1
stats.ships_left -= 1
# 清空外星人列表和子弹列表
aliens.empty()
bullets.empty()
# 创建一群新的外星人， 并将飞船放到屏幕底端中央
create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens)
ship.center_ship()
# 暂停
sleep(0.5)
else:
stats.game_active = False
pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)
def check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings, stats, screen, ship, aliens, bullets):
"""检查是否有外星人到达屏幕底端"""
screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
for alien in aliens.sprites():
if alien.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom:
ship_hit(ai_settings, stats, screen, ship, aliens, bullets)
break