ubuntu升级python3.7.6（含make test报错“Tests result: FAILURE then FAILURE”排错）
1.下载python3.7.6
网上给出的以下两种下载方式都已失效
apt-get install python3.7
# 或者
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.1/Python-3.7.1rc2.tgz
手动下载
python官方ubuntu python3.7.6
2.安装python3.7.6
tar -zxvf Python-3.7.6.tgz
3. 配置安装位置
./configure
# 或者
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3.7.1
4.编译、测试
cd Python-3.7.6
make
make test
5.测试结束，报告有错
== Tests result: FAILURE then FAILURE ==
386 tests OK.
2 tests failed:
test_normalization test_zipfile
28 tests skipped:
test_bz2 test_ctypes test_curses test_dbm_gnu test_dbm_ndbm
test_devpoll test_gzip test_idle test_kqueue test_lzma test_msilib
test_ossaudiodev test_readline test_smtpnet test_sqlite test_ssl
test_startfile test_tcl test_tix test_tk test_ttk_guionly
test_ttk_textonly test_turtle test_winconsoleio test_winreg
test_winsound test_zipfile64 test_zlib
2 re-run tests:
test_normalization test_zipfile
Total duration: 13 min 34 sec
Tests result: FAILURE then FAILURE
Makefile:1085: recipe for target 'test' failed
make: *** [test] Error 2
6.排错，安装缺少的模块
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
apt-get install -y zlib*
apt-get install --reinstall zlibc zlib1g zlib1g-dev
apt-get install libffi-dev libssl-dev libreadline-dev -y
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo apt-get install build-essential python-dev python-setuptools python-pip python-smbus
sudo apt-get install build-essential libncursesw5-dev libgdbm-dev libc6-dev
sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev libsqlite3-dev tk-dev
sudo apt-get install libssl-dev openssl
sudo apt-get install libffi-dev
重新编译、测试
#重复操作
cd Python-3.7.6
./configure
#或者
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3.7.1
make
make test
测试结果：success
== Tests result: SUCCESS ==
402 tests OK.
14 tests skipped:
test_bz2 test_devpoll test_kqueue test_lzma test_msilib
test_ossaudiodev test_startfile test_tix test_tk test_ttk_guionly
test_winconsoleio test_winreg test_winsound test_zipfile64
Total duration: 9 min 26 sec
Tests result: SUCCESS
7.安装
make install
安装success
Looking in links: /tmp/tmp0n2_qpu3
Collecting setuptools
Collecting pip
Installing collected packages: setuptools, pip
Successfully installed pip-19.2.3 setuptools-41.2.0
若 ./configure，
则安装后可执行文件默认放在/usr /local/bin，库文件默认放在/usr/local/lib，配置文件默认放在/usr/local/include，其它的资源文件放在/usr /local/share。
若./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3.7.1，
则可执行文件放在/usr /local/python3.7.1/bin，库文件放在/usr/local/python3.7.1/lib，配置文件放在/usr/local/python3.7.1/include，其它的资源文件放在/usr /local/python3.7.1/share
8.配置环境变量
若./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3.7.1，则需要添加环境变量。
若./configure的无需配置
# 添加环境变量
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/python3.7.1/bin
# 查看环境变量
echo $PATH
9.更改默认指向python3.7
由于python3.7是自己安装的，不在/usr/bin下，而在usr/local/bin或者/usr/local/python3.7.1/bin下（取决于前面执行的./configure还是./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3.7.1。因此需要先加一条软链接并且把之前的python命令改为python.bak，同时pip也需要更改。依次执行以下命令
若python3.7安装时，执行的是./configure，则：
mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python.bak
ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python
mv /usr/bin/pip /usr/bin/pip.bak
ln -s /usr/local/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip
若python3.7安装时，执行的是./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3.7.1，则为：
mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python.bak
ln -s /usr/local/python3.7.1/bin/python3.7 /usr/bin/python
mv /usr/bin/pip /usr/bin/pip.bak
ln -s /usr/local/python3.7.1/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip
10.python验证成功
