Scrapy爬虫实战：使用代理访问

前面我们简单的设置了headers就可以骗过ip138.com，但是绝大多数比较复杂的网站就不是那么好骗的了，这个时候我们需要更高级的方案，富人靠科技，穷人靠变异，如果不差钱的话，可以考虑VPN，也可以使用免费的代理。我们这里试着使用代理。

Middleware 中间件设置代理

middlewares.py

from tutorial.settings import PROXIES

class TutorialDownloaderMiddleware(object):
    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        request.meta['proxy'] = "http://%s" % random.choice(PROXIES)
        return None

settings.py

PROXIES = [
    '113.59.59.73:58451',
    '113.214.13.1:8000',
    '119.7.192.27:8088',
    '60.13.74.183:80',
    '110.180.90.181:8088',
    '125.38.239.199:8088'
]

# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
    'tutorial.middlewares.TutorialDownloaderMiddleware': 1,
}

spider

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy

class Ip138Spider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'ip138'
    allowed_domains = ['www.ip138.com','2018.ip138.com']
    start_urls = ['http://2018.ip138.com/ic.asp']
    
    def parse(self, response):
        print("*" * 40)
        print("response text: %s" % response.text)
        print("response headers: %s" % response.headers)
        print("response meta: %s" % response.meta)
        print("request headers: %s" % response.request.headers)
        print("request cookies: %s" % response.request.cookies)
        print("request meta: %s" % response.request.meta)

运行结果如下：

配置meta使用proxy

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy

class Ip138Spider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'ip138'
    allowed_domains = ['www.ip138.com','2018.ip138.com']
    start_urls = ['http://2018.ip138.com/ic.asp']

    def start_requests(self):
        for url in self.start_urls:
            yield scrapy.Request(url, meta={'proxy':'http://116.62.134.173:9999'} ,callback=self.parse)

    def parse(self, response):
        print("*" * 40)
        print("response text: %s" % response.text)
        print("response headers: %s" % response.headers)
        print("response meta: %s" % response.meta)
        print("request headers: %s" % response.request.headers)
        print("request cookies: %s" % response.request.cookies)
        print("request meta: %s" % response.request.meta)

运行结果

快代理

我们可以使用上一些免费代理 https://www.kuaidaili.com/free/inha/

速度比较满，但是还可以用。

GitHub源代码