//更新方向余弦矩阵
t11=q.q0*q.q0+q.q1*q.q1-q.q2*q.q2-q.q3*q.q3;
t12=2.0*(q.q1*q.q2+q.q0*q.q3);
t13=2.0*(q.q1*q.q3-q.q0*q.q2);
t21=2.0*(q.q1*q.q2-q.q0*q.q3);
t22=q.q0*q.q0-q.q1*q.q1+q.q2*q.q2-q.q3*q.q3;
t23=2.0*(q.q2*q.q3+q.q0*q.q1);
t31=2.0*(q.q1*q.q3+q.q0*q.q2);
t32=2.0*(q.q2*q.q3-q.q0*q.q1);
t33=q.q0*q.q0-q.q1*q.q1-q.q2*q.q2+q.q3*q.q3;
//求出欧拉角
imu.euler.roll = atan2(t23,t33);
imu.euler.pitch = -asin(t13);
imu.euler.yaw = atan2(t12,t11);
if (imu.euler.yaw < 0){
imu.euler.yaw += ToRad(360);
}
以下代码摘自网上,很巧妙,附上注释,有四元数微分,有加计耦合。//=====================================================================================================
// IMU.c
// S.O.H. Madgwick
// 25th September 2010
//=====================================================================================================
// Description:
//
// Quaternion implementation of the 'DCM filter' [Mayhony et al].
//
// User must define 'halfT' as the (sample period / 2), and the filter gains 'Kp' and 'Ki'.
//
// Global variables 'q0', 'q1', 'q2', 'q3' are the quaternion elements representing the estimated
// orientation. See my report for an overview of the use of quaternions in this application.
//
// User must call 'IMUupdate()' every sample period and parse calibrated gyroscope ('gx', 'gy', 'gz')
// and accelerometer ('ax', 'ay', 'ay') data. Gyroscope units are radians/second, accelerometer
// units are irrelevant as the vector is normalised.
//
//=====================================================================================================
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Header files
#include "IMU.h"
#include
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Definitions
#define Kp 2.0f // proportional gain governs rate of convergence to accelerometer/magnetometer
#define Ki 0.005f // integral gain governs rate of convergence of gyroscope biases
#define halfT 0.5f // half the sample period
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Variable definitions
float q0 = 1, q1 = 0, q2 = 0, q3 = 0; // quaternion elements representing the estimated orientation
float exInt = 0, eyInt = 0, ezInt = 0; // scaled integral error
//====================================================================================================
// Function
//====================================================================================================
void IMUupdate(float gx, float gy, float gz, float ax, float ay, float az) {
float norm;
float vx, vy, vz;
float ex, ey, ez;
// normalise the measurements
norm = sqrt(ax*ax + ay*ay + az*az);
ax = ax / norm;
ay = ay / norm;
az = az / norm;
//把加计的三维向量转成单位向量。
// estimated direction of gravity
vx = 2*(q1*q3 - q0*q2);
vy = 2*(q0*q1 + q2*q3);
vz = q0*q0 - q1*q1 - q2*q2 + q3*q3;
/*这是把四元数换算成《方向余弦矩阵》中的第三列的三个元素。
根据余弦矩阵和欧拉角的定义,地理坐标系的重力向量,转到机体坐标系,正好是这三个元素。
所以这里的vx\y\z,其实就是当前的欧拉角(即四元数)的机体坐标参照系上,换算出来的重力单位向量。
*/
// error is sum of cross product between reference direction of field and direction measured by sensor
ex = (ay*vz - az*vy);
ey = (az*vx - ax*vz);
ez = (ax*vy - ay*vx);
/*
axyz是机体坐标参照系上,加速度计测出来的重力向量,也就是实际测出来的重力向量。
axyz是测量得到的重力向量,vxyz是陀螺积分后的姿态来推算出的重力向量,它们都是机体坐标参照系上的重力向量。
那它们之间的误差向量,就是陀螺积分后的姿态和加计测出来的姿态之间的误差。
向量间的误差,可以用向量叉积(也叫向量外积、叉乘)来表示,exyz就是两个重力向量的叉积。
这个叉积向量仍旧是位于机体坐标系上的,而陀螺积分误差也是在机体坐标系,而且叉积的大小与陀螺积分误差成正比,正好拿来纠正陀螺。(你可以自己拿东西想象一下)由于陀螺是对机体直接积分,所以对陀螺的纠正量会直接体现在对机体坐标系的纠正。
*/
// integral error scaled integral gain
exInt = exInt + ex*Ki;
eyInt = eyInt + ey*Ki;
ezInt = ezInt + ez*Ki;
// adjusted gyroscope measurements
gx = gx + Kp*ex + exInt;
gy = gy + Kp*ey + eyInt;
gz = gz + Kp*ez + ezInt;
//用叉积误差来做PI修正陀螺零偏
// integrate quaternion rate and normalise
q0 = q0 + (-q1*gx - q2*gy - q3*gz)*halfT;
q1 = q1 + (q0*gx + q2*gz - q3*gy)*halfT;
q2 = q2 + (q0*gy - q1*gz + q3*gx)*halfT;
q3 = q3 + (q0*gz + q1*gy - q2*gx)*halfT;
//四元数微分方程
// normalise quaternion
norm = sqrt(q0*q0 + q1*q1 + q2*q2 + q3*q3);
q0 = q0 / norm;
q1 = q1 / norm;
q2 = q2 / norm;
q3 = q3 / norm;
//四元数规范化
}
//====================================================================================================
// END OF CODE
//====================================================================================================
想学习的就研究研究吧
//=====================================================================================================
// AHRS.c
// S.O.H. Madgwick
// 25th August 2010
//=====================================================================================================
// Description:
//
// Quaternion implementation of the 'DCM filter' [Mayhony et al]. Incorporates the magnetic distortion
// compensation algorithms from my filter [Madgwick] which eliminates the need for a reference
// direction of flux (bx bz) to be predefined and limits the effect of magnetic distortions to yaw
// axis only.
//
// User must define 'halfT' as the (sample period / 2), and the filter gains 'Kp' and 'Ki'.
//
// Global variables 'q0', 'q1', 'q2', 'q3' are the quaternion elements representing the estimated
// orientation. See my report for an overview of the use of quaternions in this application.
//
// User must call 'AHRSupdate()' every sample period and parse calibrated gyroscope ('gx', 'gy', 'gz'),
// accelerometer ('ax', 'ay', 'ay') and magnetometer ('mx', 'my', 'mz') data. Gyroscope units are
// radians/second, accelerometer and magnetometer units are irrelevant as the vector is normalised.
//
//=====================================================================================================
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Header files
#include "AHRS.h"
#include
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Definitions
#define Kp 2.0f // proportional gain governs rate of convergence to accelerometer/magnetometer
#define Ki 0.005f // integral gain governs rate of convergence of gyroscope biases
#define halfT 0.5f // half the sample period
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Variable definitions
float q0 = 1, q1 = 0, q2 = 0, q3 = 0; // quaternion elements representing the estimated orientation
float exInt = 0, eyInt = 0, ezInt = 0; // scaled integral error
//====================================================================================================
// Function
//====================================================================================================
void AHRSupdate(float gx, float gy, float gz, float ax, float ay, float az, float mx, float my, float mz) {
float norm;
float hx, hy, hz, bx, bz;
float vx, vy, vz, wx, wy, wz;
float ex, ey, ez;
// auxiliary variables to reduce number of repeated operations
float q0q0 = q0*q0;
float q0q1 = q0*q1;
float q0q2 = q0*q2;
float q0q3 = q0*q3;
float q1q1 = q1*q1;
float q1q2 = q1*q2;
float q1q3 = q1*q3;
float q2q2 = q2*q2;
float q2q3 = q2*q3;
float q3q3 = q3*q3;
// normalise the measurements
norm = sqrt(ax*ax + ay*ay + az*az);
ax = ax / norm;
ay = ay / norm;
az = az / norm;
norm = sqrt(mx*mx + my*my + mz*mz);
mx = mx / norm;
my = my / norm;
mz = mz / norm;
// compute reference direction of flux
hx = 2*mx*(0.5 - q2q2 - q3q3) + 2*my*(q1q2 - q0q3) + 2*mz*(q1q3 + q0q2);
hy = 2*mx*(q1q2 + q0q3) + 2*my*(0.5 - q1q1 - q3q3) + 2*mz*(q2q3 - q0q1);
hz = 2*mx*(q1q3 - q0q2) + 2*my*(q2q3 + q0q1) + 2*mz*(0.5 - q1q1 - q2q2);
bx = sqrt((hx*hx) + (hy*hy));
bz = hz;
// estimated direction of gravity and flux (v and w)
vx = 2*(q1q3 - q0q2);
vy = 2*(q0q1 + q2q3);
vz = q0q0 - q1q1 - q2q2 + q3q3;
wx = 2*bx*(0.5 - q2q2 - q3q3) + 2*bz*(q1q3 - q0q2);
wy = 2*bx*(q1q2 - q0q3) + 2*bz*(q0q1 + q2q3);
wz = 2*bx*(q0q2 + q1q3) + 2*bz*(0.5 - q1q1 - q2q2);
// error is sum of cross product between reference direction of fields and direction measured by sensors
ex = (ay*vz - az*vy) + (my*wz - mz*wy);
ey = (az*vx - ax*vz) + (mz*wx - mx*wz);
ez = (ax*vy - ay*vx) + (mx*wy - my*wx);
// integral error scaled integral gain
exInt = exInt + ex*Ki;
eyInt = eyInt + ey*Ki;
ezInt = ezInt + ez*Ki;
// adjusted gyroscope measurements
gx = gx + Kp*ex + exInt;
gy = gy + Kp*ey + eyInt;
gz = gz + Kp*ez + ezInt;
// integrate quaternion rate and normalise
q0 = q0 + (-q1*gx - q2*gy - q3*gz)*halfT;
q1 = q1 + (q0*gx + q2*gz - q3*gy)*halfT;
q2 = q2 + (q0*gy - q1*gz + q3*gx)*halfT;
q3 = q3 + (q0*gz + q1*gy - q2*gx)*halfT;
// normalise quaternion
norm = sqrt(q0*q0 + q1*q1 + q2*q2 + q3*q3);
q0 = q0 / norm;
q1 = q1 / norm;
q2 = q2 / norm;
q3 = q3 / norm;
}
//====================================================================================================
// END OF CODE