Shell脚本（三）

20.9 Shell项目——分发系统

对于大公司而言，肯定时不时会有网站或者配置文件更新，而且使用的机器肯定也是好多台，少则几台，多则几十甚至上百台。这样的话一台一台配置肯定是不现实的，所以，自动同步文件是至关重要的。

而要如何实现自动同步呢？首先要有一台模板机器，把要分发的文件准备好，然后只要使用expect脚本批量把需要同步的文件分发到目标机器即可。整个过程也称为代码上线。

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expect脚本远程登录

• 安装expect：

# yum install -y expect

• 编辑自动远程登录expect脚本：

# vim login.expect				#写入下面内容

#! /usr/bin/expect
set host "192.168.33.128"				#设置变量
set passwd "19940406"				#设置变量
spawn ssh root@$host
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue }
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
interact				#表示停留在远程机器上，而不需要退出，不加interact会退出

• 执行脚本：

# chmod a+x login.expect				#给予执行权限

# ./login.expect				#运行上面的expect脚本
spawn ssh [email protected]
[email protected]'s password: 
Last login: Wed Aug  1 13:41:55 2018 from 192.168.33.1

# logout				#已经登录到192.168.33.128上
Connection to 192.168.33.128 closed.

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expect脚本远程登录，执行命令并退出

• 编辑expect脚本：

# vim login2.expect				#写入下面内容

#! /usr/bin/expect
set user "root"
set passwd "19940406"
spawn ssh $user@192.168.33.128

expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue }
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect "]*"				#不管是root提示符还是普通用户，都匹配到
send "touch /tmp/12.txt\r"				#执行命令
expect "]*"
send "echo 1212 > /tmp/12.txt\r"
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"

• 执行脚本：

# chmod a+x login2.expect        

# ./login2.expect 
spawn ssh [email protected]
[email protected]'s password: 
Last login: Wed Aug  1 13:42:03 2018 from 192.168.33.129

# touch /tmp/12.txt

# echo 1212 > /tmp/12.txt

# [root@localhost sbin]# 

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expect脚本传递参数

• 编辑expect脚本：

# vim login3.expect

#! /usr/bin/expect
set user [lindex $argv 0]				#第一个参数的值赋给user
set host [lindex $argv 1]				#第二个参数的值赋给host
set passwd "19940406"
set cm [lindex $argv 2]				#第三个参数的值赋给cm，表示命令
spawn ssh $user@$host
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r" }
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect "]*"
send "$cm\r"
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"

• 执行脚本：

# chmod a+x login3.expect 

# ./login3.expect  root 192.168.33.128 ls				#执行ls命令
spawn ssh [email protected]
[email protected]'s password: 
Last login: Wed Aug  1 14:00:11 2018 from 192.168.33.129

# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  test.txt  zabbix-release-3.4-2.el7.noarch.rpm

# ./login3.expect root 192.168.33.128 "ls;w;vmstat 1 5"				#可以执行多个命令，expect默认有超时时间，超过时间就会退出
spawn ssh [email protected]
[email protected]'s password: 
Last login: Wed Aug  1 15:02:44 2018 from 192.168.33.1

# ls; w; vmstat 1 5
anaconda-ks.cfg  test.txt  zabbix-release-3.4-2.el7.noarch.rpm
 15:06:08 up  1:24,  3 users,  load average: 0.03, 0.02, 0.05
USER     TTY      FROM             LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT
root     pts/0    192.168.33.1     13:41    1:24m  0.01s  0.01s -bash
root     pts/1    192.168.33.1     15:02    3:24   0.00s  0.00s -bash
root     pts/2    192.168.33.129   15:06    0.00s  0.01s  0.01s w
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ------cpu-----
 r  b   swpd   free   buff  cache   si   so    bi    bo   in   cs us sy id wa st
 1  0      0 2983248   2076 243576    0    0    10    18   48   47  0  0 100  0  0
 0  0      0 2983064   2076 243996    0    0     0     7  219  204  0  0 100  0  0
 0  0      0 2983064   2076 243996    0    0     0   136  181  192  0  0 100  0  0
 0  0      0 2983064   2076 243996    0    0     0     5  165  170  0  0 100  0  0
 0  0      0 2983064   2076 243996    0    0     0     5  205  194  0  0 100  0  0

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expect脚本同步文件

• 编辑expect脚本：

# vim login4.expect				#写入下面内容

#! /usr/bin/expect
set passwd "19940406"
spawn rsync -av [email protected]:/tmp/12.txt /tmp/
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r" }
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect eof				#表示expect脚本结束，如果不加expect eof会导致还没开始传输就会结束

如果想让expect永远不超时，可以在上面添加一行：

set timeout -1				#-1表示永不超时，设置为其它数字就会以其它数字为超时时间，以秒为单位，但是去掉expect eof 仍会出问题

• 执行脚本：

# chmod a+x login4.expect

# ./login4.expect 
spawn rsync -av [email protected]:/tmp/12.txt /tmp/
[email protected]'s password: 
receiving incremental file list
12.txt

sent 43 bytes  received 97 bytes  280.00 bytes/sec
total size is 5  speedup is 0.04

# cat /tmp/12.txt 
1212

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expect脚本指定host和要同步的文件

• 编辑expect脚本：

# vim login5.expect				#写入下面内容

#! /usr/bin/expect
set passwd "19940406"
set host [lindex $argv 0]
set file [lindex $argv 1]
spawn rsync -av $file root@$host:$file
expect {
"yes/no" { send "$yes\r" }
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect eof

• 执行脚本：

# chmod a+x login5.expect

# ./login5.expect 192.168.33.128 "/tmp/12.txt"              //将本地文件同步到远程，只适合同时同步一个文件
spawn rsync -av /tmp/12.txt [email protected]:/tmp/12.txt
[email protected]'s password: 
sending incremental file list

sent 45 bytes  received 12 bytes  114.00 bytes/sec
total size is 5  speedup is 0.09

将本地文件同步到远程，只适合同时同步一个文件。

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构建文件分发系统

• 核心命令：

rsync -av --files-from=list.txt / root@host:/				#文件路径必须是绝对路径

• 编辑expect脚本：

# vim rsync.expect				#写入下面内容

#! /usr/bin/expect
set passwd "19940406"
set host [lindex $argv 0]
set file [lindex $argv 1]				#指的是list.txt ，表示一个列表而不仅仅是一个文件
spawn rsync -avR --files-from=$file / root@$host:/
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r" }
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
export eof

• 编辑file.list：

# vim /tmp/file.list				#写入下面内容
/tmp/12.txt
/tmp/1.txt
/tmp/2.txt
/tmp/3.txt
/tmp/111/111.txt

• 编辑ip.list：

# vim /tmp/ip.list				#写入下面内容
192.168.33.128
127.0.0.1

• 编辑rsync.sh：

# vim rsync.sh				#写入下面内容

#! /bin/bash
for ip in `cat /tmp/ip.list`
do
        ./rsync.expect $ip /tmp/file.list
done

• 执行脚本：

# chmod a+x rsync.expect

# sh rsync.sh

spawn rsync -av --files-from=/tmp/file.list / [email protected]:/
[email protected]'s password: 
building file list ... done
tmp/
tmp/1.txt
tmp/2.txt
tmp/3.txt
tmp/111/
tmp/111/111.txt/

sent 311 bytes  received 82 bytes  262.00 bytes/sec
total size is 5  speedup is 0.01               //192.168.33.128传输成功
spawn rsync -av --files-from=/tmp/file.list / [email protected]:/
The authenticity of host '127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1)' can't be established.				#127.0.0.1出现问题，暂且不用管
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:y/jrhxRLVYWO6YhN5a2DSQePmWH3CCVWcV578JDKbPg.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:1b:86:bc:80:c5:c6:14:7a:4f:6c:29:b4:14:8f:86:d1.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '127.0.0.1' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.

• 查看192.168.33.128：

# ls -l /tmp/
总用量 4
drwxr-xr-x 3 root  root  21 8月   1 14:47 111
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root   5 8月   1 14:00 12.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root   0 8月   1 14:47 1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root   0 8月   1 14:47 2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root   0 8月   1 14:47 3.txt

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分发系统命令批量执行

有时候我们在批量传输完文件还不够，还需要在目标机器上执行命令来操作一些服务，这时候就需要对机器进行命令的批量执行。

• 编辑exe.expect：

# vim exe.expect				#写入下面内容

#! /usr/bin/expect
set host [lindex $argv 0]
set passwd "19940406"
set cm [lindex $argv 1]
spawn ssh root@$host
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r" }
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect "]*"
send "$cm\r"
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"

• 编辑exe.sh：

# vim exe.sh				#写入下面内容

#! /bin/bash
for ip in `cat /tmp/ip.list`
do
        ./exe.expect $ip "hostname"
done

• 执行脚本：

# chmod a+x exe.expect 

# sh exe.sh 
spawn ssh [email protected]
[email protected]'s password: 
Last login: Wed Aug  1 15:06:08 2018 from 192.168.33.129

# hostname
localhost.localdomain				#192.168.33.128主机名

# spawn ssh [email protected]
[email protected]'s password: 
Last failed login: Wed Aug  1 15:17:30 CST 2018 from 127.0.0.1 on ssh:notty
There were 2 failed login attempts since the last successful login.
Last login: Wed Aug  1 13:54:06 2018 from 192.168.33.1

# hostname
localhost.localdomain				#127.0.0.1本地主机名

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更多资料参考：

Shell脚本学习之expect命令

linux expect 使用