linux命令详解

350个linux命令详解2008-1-8 17:14:34　　作者：模板天下收集整理　　来源：未知　网友评论 0 条　论坛34 　　  COMMAND 命令 DESCRIPTION 注解
System information
系统信息
arch show architecture of machine
显示主机的体系结构
uname -r show used kernel version
显示kernel版本信息
dmidecode -q show hardware system components - (SMBIOS / DMI)
显示硬件系统部件
hdaparm -i /dev/hda displays the characteristics of a hard-disk
显示某一硬盘特点
hdparm -tT /dev/sda perform test reading on a hard-disk
执行某一硬盘读取测试
cat /proc/cpuinfo show information CPU info
显示CPU信息
cat /proc/interrupts show interrupts
显示中断信息
cat /proc/meminfo verify memory use
核实内存使用情况
cat /proc/swaps show file(s) swap
显示文件swap情况
cat /proc/version show version of the kernel
显示kernel版本信息
cat /proc/net/dev show network adpters and statistics
显示网络信息
cat /proc/mounts show mounted file system(s)
显示挂载系统信息
lspci -tv display PCI devices
显示PCI设备
lsusb -tv show USB devices
显示USB设备
date show system date
显示系统日期
cal 2007 show the timetable of 2007
显示2007年日历
date 041217002007.00  set date and time
- MonthDayhoursMinutesYear.Second
设置时间和日期 - 格式：月日时分年.秒
clock -w
 save changes on BIOS
保存BIOS设置
linux commands line v1.0 - LinuxGuide.it linux命令详解翻译 - moon-blog.cn

    COMMAND 命令 DESCRIPTION 注解    
    Shutdown, Restart of a system and Logout
系统关机,重启或注销
shutdown -h now shutdown system
关闭系统
init 0 
shutdown -r hours:minutes  planned shutdown of the system
定时关机
shutdown -c cancel a planned shutdown of the system
取消定时关机
shutdown -r now reboot
重启系统
reboot
logout leaving session
注销用户
linux commands line v1.0 - LinuxGuide.it linux命令详解翻译 - moon-blog.cn

    COMMAND 命令 DESCRIPTION 注解    
    Files and Directory
文件及目录
cd /home enter to directory '/ home'
进入/home目录
cd .. go back one level
向上返回一个目录
cd ../.. go back two levels
向上返回两个目录
cd go to home directory
前往/home目录
cd ~utente go to home directory
前往/home目录
cd - go to previous directory
进入先前所在目录
pwd show the path of work directory
显示目录路径
ls view files of directory
显示目录内包含的文件
ls -F view files of directory
显示目录内包含的文件
ls -l show details of files and directory
显示目录内文件的详细信息
ls -a show hidden files
显示隐藏文件
ls *[0-9]* show files and directory containing number
显示目录内包含有数字的文件
lstree show files and directories in a tree starting from root
以树形显示文件
mkdir dir1 create a directory called 'dir1'
建立dir1目录
mkdir dir1 dir2 create two directories simultaneously
建立两个目录
mkdir -p /tmp/dir1/dir2 create a directory tree
建立目录树
rm -f file1 delete file called 'file1'
删除名为file1的文件
rmdir dir1  delete directory called 'dir1'
删除名为dir1的目录
rm -rf dir1 remove a directory called 'dir1' and contents recursively
删除dir1目录及所含文件
rm -rf dir1 dir2 remove two directories and their contents recursively
删除dir1 dir 2两个目录及所含文件
mv dir1 new_dir rename / move a file or directory
重命名/移动 文件或文件夹
cp file1 file2 copying a file
复制文件
cp dir/* . copy all files of a directory within the current work directory
复制目录及目录内所有文件到当前目录
cp -a /tmp/dir1 . copy a directory within the current work directory
复制目录到当前目录
cp -a dir1 dir2 copy a directory
复制目录
ln -s file1 lnk1  create a symbolic link to file or directory
建立文件或目录的符号链
ln file1 lnk1 create a physical link to file or directory
建立文件或目录的物理链
touch -t 0712250000 fileditest modify timestamp of a file or directory
- (YYMMDDhhmm)
修改文件或目录的时间戳
- 格式：YYMMDDhhmm
linux commands line v1.0 - LinuxGuide.it linux命令详解翻译 - moon-blog.cn

    COMMAND 命令 DESCRIPTION 注解    
    File search
文件搜索
find / -name file1 search file and directory into root filesystem from '/'
在 / 目录中搜索文件或目录
find / -user user1 search files and directories belonging to 'user1'
搜索属于user1的文件和目录
find /home/user1 -name *.bin search files with '. bin' extension within directory '/ home/user1'
在/home/user1目录内搜索包含有.bin的文件
find /usr/bin -type f -atime +100 search bynary files are not used in the last 100 days
搜索100天未用的文件
find /usr/bin -type f -mtime -10 search files created or changed within 10 days
搜索10天内创建或更改的文件
find / -name *.rpm -exec chmod 755 {} ; search files with '.rpm' extension and modify permits
搜索带有修改属性的.rpm的文件
find / -name *.rpm -xdev search files with '.rpm' extension ignoring removable partitions as cdrom, pen-drive, etc.…
搜索全属性的.rpm的文件
locate *.ps find files with the '.ps' extension - first run 'updatedb' command
搜索扩展名为.ps的文件
- 需要先运行updatedb命令
whereis halt show location of a binary file,source or man
搜索halt的路径
which halt show full path to a binary / executable
取得halt列表并寻找当halt作为命令给定时所运行的文件
linux commands line v1.0 - LinuxGuide.it linux命令详解翻译 - moon-blog.cn

    COMMAND 命令 DESCRIPTION 注解    
    Mounting a Filesystem
挂载文件系统
mount /dev/hda2 /mnt/hda2 mount disk called hda2 - verify existence of the directory '/ mnt/hda2'
挂载名为hda2的硬盘设备
umount /dev/hda2 unmount disk called hda2 - exit from mount point '/ mnt/hda2' first
取消挂载名为hda2的硬盘设备
fuser -km /mnt/hda2 force umount when the device is busy
强行取消挂载设备
umount -n /mnt/hda2 run umount without writing the file /etc/mtab - useful when the file is read-only or the hard disk is full
不记录挂载信息直接取消挂载
- 当硬盘为只读或硬盘已满时很实用
mount /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy mount a floppy disk
挂载软盘
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom mount a cdrom / dvdrom
挂载CDrom或DVDrom
mount /dev/hdc /mnt/cdrecorder mount a cdrw / dvdrom
挂载CD-RW或DVDrom
mount /dev/hdb /mnt/cdrecorder mount a cdrw / dvdrom
挂载CD-RW或DVDrom
mount -o loop file.iso /mnt/cdrom mount a file or iso image
挂载一个文件或ISO光盘镜像
mount -t vfat /dev/hda5 /mnt/hda5 mount a Windows FAT32 file system
挂载windows FAT32文件系统
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/usbdisk mount a usb pen-drive or flash-drive
挂载USB闪存设备
mount -t smbfs -o username=user,password=pass //winclient/share /mnt/share mount a windows network share
挂载windows网络共享
linux commands line v1.0 - LinuxGuide.it linux命令详解翻译 - moon-blog.cn