微信公众平台开发(82) 天气预报

在这篇教程中，我们将介绍如何在微信公众平台上开发天气预报功能。我们将使用中国天气网的气象数据接口来获取天气信息。

这篇教程将介绍以下内容：

1. 获取中国天气网的气象数据
2. 在微信公众平台中回复天气

 

一、中国天气网

中国天气网提供了丰富的气象数据接口。下面我们介绍主要的几个：

国家根节点接口：

http://flash.weather.com.cn/wmaps/xml/china.xml

该接口以XML格式列出所有的省（自治区、直辖市）的中文名称（quName）和拼音名称（pyName）及省会城市的天气信息，其中广东的数据如下：

<city quName="广东" pyName="guangdong" cityname="广州" state1="2" state2="7" stateDetailed="阴转小雨" tem1="8" tem2="15" windState="微风"/>

该接口的主要功能是通过它获取省级节点的拼音名称。以广东为例：其pyName是“Guangdong”。

省级节点接口（以广东为例）：

http://flash.weather.com.cn/wmaps/xml/Guangdong.xml

该接口以XML格式列出当前省下辖所有市的中文名称（quName）、拼音名称（pyName）、中心坐标、天气信息以及城市编码。其中深圳的数据如下所示：

<city cityX="409" cityY="257" cityname="深圳" centername="深圳" fontColor="FFFFFF" pyName="shenzhen" state1="1" state2="1" stateDetailed="多云" tem1="12" tem2="18" temNow="12" windState="微风" windDir="东北风" windPower="1级" humidity="74%" time="21:15" url="101280601"/>

在这个接口中主要获取城市名称及相应的城市编码。例如，深圳的城市编码为：101280601。可以编写程序将全国城市拓扑结构采集下来。也可以使用方倍工作室已经采集好的，点击这里下载。

实时天气数据（以深圳为例）：

http://www.weather.com.cn/data/sk/101280601.html

该接口以JSON格式列出当前城市的实时天气状况。如下所示：

{
    "weatherinfo": {
        "city": "深圳",
        "cityid": "101280601",
        "temp": "12",
        "WD": "东北风",
        "WS": "1级",
        "SD": "75%",
        "WSE": "1",
        "time": "21:20",
        "isRadar": "1",
        "Radar": "JC_RADAR_AZ9755_JB"
    }
}

实时天气数据参数说明下所示：

六日天气数据（以深圳为例）：

http://m.weather.com.cn/data/101280601.html

该接口以JSON格式列出当前城市的六日天气状况。如下所示：

{
    "weatherinfo": {
        "city": "深圳",
        "city_en": "shenzhen",
        "date_y": "2014年2月15日",
        "date": "",
        "week": "星期六",
        "fchh": "18",
        "cityid": "101280601",
        "temp1": "12℃~18℃",
        "temp2": "16℃~21℃",
        "temp3": "17℃~23℃",
        "temp4": "11℃~18℃",
        "temp5": "10℃~15℃",
        "temp6": "12℃~17℃",
        "tempF1": "53.6℉~64.4℉",
        "tempF2": "60.8℉~69.8℉",
        "tempF3": "62.6℉~73.4℉",
        "tempF4": "51.8℉~64.4℉",
        "tempF5": "50℉~59℉",
        "tempF6": "53.6℉~62.6℉",
        "weather1": "多云",
        "weather2": "阴",
        "weather3": "多云",
        "weather4": "中雨",
        "weather5": "多云",
        "weather6": "阴",
        "img1": "1",
        "img2": "99",
        "img3": "2",
        "img4": "99",
        "img5": "1",
        "img6": "99",
        "img7": "8",
        "img8": "99",
        "img9": "1",
        "img10": "99",
        "img11": "2",
        "img12": "99",
        "img_single": "1",
        "img_title1": "多云",
        "img_title2": "多云",
        "img_title3": "阴",
        "img_title4": "阴",
        "img_title5": "多云",
        "img_title6": "多云",
        "img_title7": "中雨",
        "img_title8": "中雨",
        "img_title9": "多云",
        "img_title10": "多云",
        "img_title11": "阴",
        "img_title12": "阴",
        "img_title_single": "多云",
        "wind1": "微风",
        "wind2": "微风",
        "wind3": "微风",
        "wind4": "东北风3-4级",
        "wind5": "微风",
        "wind6": "微风",
        "fx1": "微风",
        "fx2": "微风",
        "fl1": "小于3级",
        "fl2": "小于3级",
        "fl3": "小于3级",
        "fl4": "3-4级",
        "fl5": "小于3级",
        "fl6": "小于3级",
        "index": "较舒适",
        "index_d": "建议着薄外套、开衫牛仔衫裤等服装。年老体弱者应适当添加衣物，宜着夹克衫、薄毛衣等。",
        "index48": "较舒适",
        "index48_d": "建议着薄外套、开衫牛仔衫裤等服装。年老体弱者应适当添加衣物，宜着夹克衫、薄毛衣等。",
        "index_uv": "最弱",
        "index48_uv": "最弱",
        "index_xc": "适宜",
        "index_tr": "适宜",
        "index_co": "舒适",
        "st1": "19",
        "st2": "13",
        "st3": "23",
        "st4": "16",
        "st5": "24",
        "st6": "18",
        "index_cl": "适宜",
        "index_ls": "适宜",
        "index_ag": "不易发"
    }
}

未来六日天气数据主要参数说明如下表所示：

以上接口是我们做天气预报功能将使用到的接口。

 

二、微信公众平台开发

1. 需要将城市编码对照表导入到数据库中，以下是SAE导入后截图

2. 将城市名转为城市代码的方法，这将在用户发送城市名的时候调用

 1 function fromNameToCode($name)
 2 {
 3     $mysql_host = SAE_MYSQL_HOST_M;
 4     $mysql_host_s = SAE_MYSQL_HOST_S;
 5     $mysql_port = SAE_MYSQL_PORT;
 6     $mysql_user = SAE_MYSQL_USER;
 7     $mysql_password = SAE_MYSQL_PASS;
 8     $mysql_database = SAE_MYSQL_DB;
 9 
10     $mysql_table = "weather";
11     $mysql_state = "SELECT * FROM ".$mysql_table." WHERE `cityName` = '".$name."'";
12     
13     $con = mysql_connect($mysql_host.':'.$mysql_port, $mysql_user, $mysql_password, true);
14     if (!$con){
15         die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
16     }
17     mysql_query("SET NAMES 'UTF8'");
18     mysql_select_db($mysql_database, $con);
19     $result = mysql_query($mysql_state);
20     $cityCode = "";
21     while($row = mysql_fetch_array($result))
22     {
23         $cityCode = $row['cityCode']; 
24         break;
25     }
26     mysql_close($con);
27     return $cityCode;
28 }

3. 编写接口调用函数，用于向天气网发送cURL请求，获取数据

 1 function httpRequest($url)
 2 {
 3     $ch = curl_init();
 4     curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
 5     curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
 6     $output = curl_exec($ch);
 7     curl_close($ch);
 8     if ($output === FALSE){
 9         return "cURL Error: ". curl_error($ch);
10     }
11     return $output;
12 }

4. 编写获取天气数据的函数，这里获取实时天气和未来3日天气，并将返回结果封装成图文信息的数组

 1 function getWeatherInfo($cityName)
 2 {
 3     $cityCode = fromNameToCode($cityName);
 4     
 5     if ($cityCode == "")
 6     {
 7         return "错误的城市名或者此城市不在数据库中!";
 8     }
 9     
10     //获取实时天气
11     $url = "http://www.weather.com.cn/data/sk/".$cityCode.".html";
12     $output = httpRequest($url);
13     $weather = json_decode($output, true); 
14     $info = $weather['weatherinfo'];
15 
16     $weatherArray = array();
17     $weatherArray[] = array("Title"=>$info['city']."天气预报", "Description"=>"", "PicUrl"=>"", "Url" =>"");
18     if ((int)$cityCode < 101340000){
19         $result = "实况 温度：".$info['temp']."℃ 湿度：".$info['SD']." 风速：".$info['WD'].$info['WSE']."级";
20         $weatherArray[] = array("Title"=>str_replace("%", "﹪", $result), "Description"=>"", "PicUrl"=>"", "Url" =>"");
21     }
22 
23     //获取六日天气
24     $url = "http://m.weather.com.cn/data/".$cityCode.".html";
25     $output = httpRequest($url);
26     $weather = json_decode($output, true); 
27     $info = $weather['weatherinfo'];
28 
29     if (!empty($info['index_d'])){
30         $weatherArray[] = array("Title" =>$info['index_d'], "Description" =>"", "PicUrl" =>"", "Url" =>"");
31     }
32 
33     $weekArray = array("日","一","二","三","四","五","六");
34     $maxlength = 3;
35     for ($i = 1; $i <= $maxlength; $i++) {
36         $offset = strtotime("+".($i-1)." day");
37         $subTitle = date("m月d日",$offset)." 周".$weekArray[date('w',$offset)]." ".$info['temp'.$i]." ".$info['weather'.$i]." ".$info['wind'.$i];
38         $weatherArray[] = array("Title" =>$subTitle, "Description" =>"", "PicUrl" =>"http://discuz.comli.com/weixin/weather/"."d".sprintf("%02u",$info['img'.(($i *2)-1)]).".jpg", "Url" =>"");
39     }
40 
41     return $weatherArray;
42 }

5. 在微信公众平台接口函数中处理收到的文本消息时，文本将为城市名，直接调用获取天气的函数

  1 /*
  2     方倍工作室
  3     CopyRight 2013 All Rights Reserved
  4 */
  5 
  6 define("TOKEN", "weixin");
  7 
  8 $wechatObj = new wechatCallbackapiTest();
  9 if (!isset($_GET['echostr'])) {
 10     $wechatObj->responseMsg();
 11 }else{
 12     $wechatObj->valid();
 13 }
 14 
 15 class wechatCallbackapiTest
 16 {
 17     public function valid()
 18     {
 19         $echoStr = $_GET["echostr"];
 20         if($this->checkSignature()){
 21             echo $echoStr;
 22             exit;
 23         }
 24     }
 25 
 26     private function checkSignature()
 27     {
 28         $signature = $_GET["signature"];
 29         $timestamp = $_GET["timestamp"];
 30         $nonce = $_GET["nonce"];
 31         $token = TOKEN;
 32         $tmpArr = array($token, $timestamp, $nonce);
 33         sort($tmpArr);
 34         $tmpStr = implode($tmpArr);
 35         $tmpStr = sha1($tmpStr);
 36 
 37         if($tmpStr == $signature){
 38             return true;
 39         }else{
 40             return false;
 41         }
 42     }
 43 
 44     public function responseMsg()
 45     {
 46         $postStr = $GLOBALS["HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA"];
 47         if (!empty($postStr)){
 48             $this->logger("R ".$postStr);
 49             $postObj = simplexml_load_string($postStr, 'SimpleXMLElement', LIBXML_NOCDATA);
 50             $RX_TYPE = trim($postObj->MsgType);
 51 
 52             switch ($RX_TYPE)
 53             {
 54                 case "event":
 55                     $result = $this->receiveEvent($postObj);
 56                     break;
 57                 case "text":
 58                     $result = $this->receiveText($postObj);
 59                     break;
 60             }
 61             $this->logger("T ".$result);
 62             echo $result;
 63         }else {
 64             echo "";
 65             exit;
 66         }
 67     }
 68     
 69     private function receiveEvent($object)
 70     {
 71         $content = "";
 72         switch ($object->Event)
 73         {
 74             case "subscribe":
 75                 $content = "欢迎关注方倍工作室 ";
 76                 break;
 77             case "unsubscribe":
 78                 $content = "取消关注";
 79                 break;
 80         }
 81         $result = $this->transmitText($object, $content);
 82         return $result;
 83     }
 84   
 85     private function receiveText($object)
 86     {
 87         $keyword = trim($object->Content);
 88 
 89         include("weather.php");
 90         $content = getWeatherInfo($keyword);
 91         $result = $this->transmitNews($object, $content);
 92         return $result;
 93     }
 94    
 95     
 96     private function transmitText($object, $content)
 97     {
 98         $textTpl = "
 99 
100 
101 %s
102 
103 
104 ";
105         $result = sprintf($textTpl, $object->FromUserName, $object->ToUserName, time(), $content);
106         return $result;
107     }
108 
109     private function transmitNews($object, $arr_item)
110     {
111         if(!is_array($arr_item))
112             return;
113 
114         $itemTpl = "    
115         
116         
117         
118         
119     
120 ";
121         $item_str = "";
122         foreach ($arr_item as $item)
123             $item_str .= sprintf($itemTpl, $item['Title'], $item['Description'], $item['PicUrl'], $item['Url']);
124 
125         $newsTpl = "
126 
127 
128 %s
129 
130 
131 %s
132 
133 $item_str
134 ";
135 
136         $result = sprintf($newsTpl, $object->FromUserName, $object->ToUserName, time(), count($arr_item));
137         return $result;
138     }
139     
140     private function logger($log_content)
141     {
142     }
143 }

 

 三、效果演示

 

四、如何扩展

1. 在数据库加入邮编、区号、拼音等字段，可以扩展成使用区号等方式查询，请参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/txw1958/archive/2013/02/07/weixin-if4-weather-forecast.html

2. 拥有高级接口的用户，可以使用结合语音识别+中文分词技术，实现语音版的智能查询，请参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/txw1958/archive/2013/02/06/weixin-if40-voice-recognition.html

 

五、关于接口更新

1. 中国天气网已经停步上述免费接口的更新，需要调用天气数据需要申请SWA接口。

地址 http://smart.weather.com.cn/wzfw/smart/weatherapi.shtml

2. 中国天气网的智慧天气接口在微信公众平台上的实现方法在《微信公众平台开发最佳实践》一书有讲解

地址 http://www.cnblogs.com/txw1958/p/weixin-development-best-practice.html