YUY2(YUV) 与 RGB 格式图片的相互转换 以及 基于YUY2(YUV)的blending

YUY2经常用于电视制式以及许多摄像头的输出格式.而我们在处理时经常需要将其转化为RGB进行处理,这里简单介绍下YUY2(YUV)与RGB之间相互转化的关系:

http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms893078.aspx

 

YUY2(YUV) To RGB:

C = Y - 16

D = U - 128

E = V - 128

R = clip(( 298 * C           + 409 * E + 128) >> 8)
G = clip(( 298 * C - 100 * D - 208 * E + 128) >> 8)
B = clip(( 298 * C + 516 * D + 128) >> 8)

其中 clip()为限制函数,将其取值限制在0-255之间.

 

RGB To YUY2(YUV):

Y = ( (  66 * R + 129 * G +  25 * B + 128) >> 8) +  16
U = ( ( -38 * R - 74 * G + 112 * B + 128) >> 8) + 128
V = ( ( 112 * R - 94 * G - 18 * B + 128) >> 8) + 128

上述两个公式在代码中的
int YUV2RGB(void* pYUV, void* pRGB, int width, int height, bool alphaYUV, bool alphaRGB);
int RGB2YUV(void* pRGB, void* pYUVX, int width, int height, bool alphaYUV, bool alphaRGB);
函数中转换。

在诸如摄像头的数据获取中,我们往往需要直接在YUY2(YUV)空间上进行一些图象处理,我们希望能够在YUY2
(YUV)进行一些RGB上可以做到的处理。这里已blending为例,将两张
带有透明度的YUY2(YUV)图片进行叠加,
以达到在RGB空间进行图像合成的效果。

RGB空间进行图像叠加,通常背景(BG)是不透明的,而前景(FG)是带有透明度的。在RGB空间,可以简单表示为:
Rdest = Rfg*alpha + Rbg*(1-alpha);
Gdest = Gfg*alpha + Gbg*(1-alpha);
Bdest = Bfg*alpha + Bbg*(1-alpha);
// Rdest、Gdest、Bdest 为最终合成后的像素值

考虑到
Y = ( ( 66 * R + 129 * G + 25 * B + 128) >> 8) + 16
U = ( ( -38 * R - 74 * G + 112 * B + 128) >> 8) + 128
V = ( ( 112 * R - 94 * G - 18 * B + 128) >> 8) + 128
我们可以推导出

(Ydest-16)<<8 = ((Yfg-16)<<8)*alpha + ((Ybg-16)<<8)*(1-alpha);
(Udest-128)<<8 = ((Ufg-128)<<8)*alpha + ((Ubg-128)<<8)*(1-alpha);
(Vdest-128)<<8 = ((Vfg-128)<<8)*alpha + ((Vbg-128)<<8)*(1-alpha);

从而可以得到
Ydest = (Yfg-16)*alpha + (Ybg-16)*(1-alpha) + 16;
Udest = (Ufg-128)*alpha + (Ubg-128)*(1-alpha) + 128;
Vdest = (Vfg-128)*alpha + (Vbg-128)*(1-alpha) + 128;

这个叠加过程在函数
int YUVBlending(void* pBGYUV, void* pFGYUV, int width, int height, bool alphaBG, bool alphaFG)
中实现。

由于本文针对摄像头采集所得的数据进行处理,因此数据为YUY2格式,即4个字节来表示两个像素点的YUV信息,
排列为Y1 U1 Y2 V2, 对于像素点1为(Y1, U1, V1),像素点2为(Y2, U1, V1)。即两个像素点共用U、V信息。

这里假设带有alpha透明度的YUV格式用6个字节来表示两个像素点的YUV以及alpha信息,排列为 Y1 U1 Y2 V1 alpha1 alpha2
其中像素点1为(Y1, U1, V1, alpha1),像素点2为(Y2, U1, V1, alpha2)。其中alpha为对应点的透明度信息。

而带有alpha透明度RGB格式的图片,假设为32bits的BMP图片,每个像素点用4bytes来表示,分别为B G R alpha信息。

上述函数的具体实现为:
// // YUV2RGB // pYUV point to the YUV data // pRGB point to the RGB data // width width of the picture // height height of the picture // alphaYUV is there an alpha channel in YUV // alphaRGB is there an alpha channel in RGB // int YUV2RGB(void* pYUV, void* pRGB, int width, int height, bool alphaYUV, bool alphaRGB) { if (NULL == pYUV) { return -1; } unsigned char* pYUVData = (unsigned char *)pYUV; unsigned char* pRGBData = (unsigned char *)pRGB; if (NULL == pRGBData) { if (alphaRGB) { pRGBData = new unsigned char[width*height*4]; } else pRGBData = new unsigned char[width*height*3]; } int Y1, U1, V1, Y2, alpha1, alpha2, R1, G1, B1, R2, G2, B2; int C1, D1, E1, C2; if (alphaRGB) { if (alphaYUV) { for (int i=0; i>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C1 + 409*E1 + 128)>>8); G1 = ((298*C1 - 100*D1 - 208*E1 + 128)>>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C1 - 100*D1 - 208*E1 + 128)>>8); B1 = ((298*C1+516*D1 +128)>>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C1+516*D1 +128)>>8); R2 = ((298*C2 + 409*E1 + 128)>>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C2 + 409*E1 + 128)>>8); G2 = ((298*C2 - 100*D1 - 208*E1 + 128)>>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C2 - 100*D1 - 208*E1 + 128)>>8); B2 = ((298*C2 + 516*D1 +128)>>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C2 + 516*D1 +128)>>8); *(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*4+j*8+2) = R1<0 ? 0 : R1; *(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*4+j*8+1) = G1<0 ? 0 : G1; *(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*4+j*8) = B1<0 ? 0 : B1; *(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*4+j*8+3) = alpha1; *(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*4+j*8+6) = R2<0 ? 0 : R2; *(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*4+j*8+5) = G2<0 ? 0 : G2; *(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*4+j*8+4) = B2<0 ? 0 : B2; *(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*4+j*8+7) = alpha2; } } } else { int alpha = 255; for (int i=0; i>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C1 + 409*E1 + 128)>>8); G1 = ((298*C1 - 100*D1 - 208*E1 + 128)>>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C1 - 100*D1 - 208*E1 + 128)>>8); B1 = ((298*C1+516*D1 +128)>>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C1+516*D1 +128)>>8); R2 = ((298*C2 + 409*E1 + 128)>>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C2 + 409*E1 + 128)>>8); G2 = ((298*C2 - 100*D1 - 208*E1 + 128)>>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C2 - 100*D1 - 208*E1 + 128)>>8); B2 = ((298*C2 + 516*D1 +128)>>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C2 + 516*D1 +128)>>8); *(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*4+j*8+2) = R1<0 ? 0 : R1; *(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*4+j*8+1) = G1<0 ? 0 : G1; *(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*4+j*8) = B1<0 ? 0 : B1; *(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*4+j*8+3) = alpha; *(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*4+j*8+6) = R2<0 ? 0 : R2; *(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*4+j*8+5) = G2<0 ? 0 : G2; *(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*4+j*8+4) = B2<0 ? 0 : B2; *(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*4+j*8+7) = alpha; } } } } else { if (alphaYUV) { for (int i=0; i>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C1 + 409*E1 + 128)>>8); G1 = ((298*C1 - 100*D1 - 208*E1 + 128)>>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C1 - 100*D1 - 208*E1 + 128)>>8); B1 = ((298*C1+516*D1 +128)>>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C1+516*D1 +128)>>8); R2 = ((298*C2 + 409*E1 + 128)>>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C2 + 409*E1 + 128)>>8); G2 = ((298*C2 - 100*D1 - 208*E1 + 128)>>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C2 - 100*D1 - 208*E1 + 128)>>8); B2 = ((298*C2 + 516*D1 +128)>>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C2 + 516*D1 +128)>>8); *(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*3+j*6+2) = R1<0 ? 0 : R1; *(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*3+j*6+1) = G1<0 ? 0 : G1; *(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*3+j*6) = B1<0 ? 0 : B1; *(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*3+j*6+5) = R2<0 ? 0 : R2; *(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*3+j*6+4) = G2<0 ? 0 : G2; *(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*3+j*6+3) = B2<0 ? 0 : B2; } } } else { for (int i=0; i>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C1 + 409*E1 + 128)>>8); G1 = ((298*C1 - 100*D1 - 208*E1 + 128)>>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C1 - 100*D1 - 208*E1 + 128)>>8); B1 = ((298*C1+516*D1 +128)>>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C1+516*D1 +128)>>8); R2 = ((298*C2 + 409*E1 + 128)>>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C2 + 409*E1 + 128)>>8); G2 = ((298*C2 - 100*D1 - 208*E1 + 128)>>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C2 - 100*D1 - 208*E1 + 128)>>8); B2 = ((298*C2 + 516*D1 +128)>>8>255 ? 255 : (298*C2 + 516*D1 +128)>>8); *(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*3+j*6+2) = R1<0 ? 0 : R1; *(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*3+j*6+1) = G1<0 ? 0 : G1; *(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*3+j*6) = B1<0 ? 0 : B1; *(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*3+j*6+5) = R2<0 ? 0 : R2; *(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*3+j*6+4) = G2<0 ? 0 : G2; *(pRGBData+(height-i-1)*width*3+j*6+3) = B2<0 ? 0 : B2; } } } } return 0; } // // RGB2YUV // pRGB point to the RGB data // pYUV point to the YUV data // width width of the picture // height height of the picture // alphaYUV is there an alpha channel in YUV // alphaRGB is there an alpha channel in RGB // int RGB2YUV(void* pRGB, void* pYUV, int width, int height, bool alphaYUV, bool alphaRGB) { if (NULL == pRGB) { return -1; } unsigned char* pRGBData = (unsigned char *)pRGB; unsigned char* pYUVData = (unsigned char *)pYUV; if (NULL == pYUVData) { if (alphaYUV) { pYUVData = new unsigned char[width*height*3]; } else pYUVData = new unsigned char[width*height*2]; } int R1, G1, B1, R2, G2, B2, Y1, U1, Y2, V1; int alpha1, alpha2; if (alphaYUV) { if (alphaRGB) { for (int i=0; i>8) + 16) > 255 ? 255 : (((66*R1+129*G1+25*B1+128)>>8) + 16); U1 = ((((-38*R1-74*G1+112*B1+128)>>8)+((-38*R2-74*G2+112*B2+128)>>8))/2 + 128)>255 ? 255 : ((((-38*R1-74*G1+112*B1+128)>>8)+((-38*R2-74*G2+112*B2+128)>>8))/2 + 128); Y2 = (((66*R2+129*G2+25*B2+128)>>8) + 16)>255 ? 255 : ((66*R2+129*G2+25*B2+128)>>8) + 16; V1 = ((((112*R1-94*G1-18*B1+128)>>8) + ((112*R2-94*G2-18*B2+128)>>8))/2 + 128)>255 ? 255 : ((((112*R1-94*G1-18*B1+128)>>8) + ((112*R2-94*G2-18*B2+128)>>8))/2 + 128); *(pYUVData+i*width*3+j*6) = Y1; *(pYUVData+i*width*3+j*6+1) = U1; *(pYUVData+i*width*3+j*6+2) = Y2; *(pYUVData+i*width*3+j*6+3) = V1; *(pYUVData+i*width*3+j*6+4) = alpha1; *(pYUVData+i*width*3+j*6+5) = alpha2; } } } else { unsigned char alpha = 255; for (int i=0; i>8) + 16; U1 = ((-38*R1-74*G1+112*B1+128)>>8+(-38*R2-74*G2+112*B2+128)>>8)/2 + 128; Y2 = ((66*R2+129*G2+25*B2+128)>>8) + 16; V1 = ((112*R1-94*G1-18*B1+128)>>8 + (112*R2-94*G2-18*B2+128)>>8)/2 + 128; Y1 = (((66*R1+129*G1+25*B1+128)>>8) + 16) > 255 ? 255 : (((66*R1+129*G1+25*B1+128)>>8) + 16); U1 = ((((-38*R1-74*G1+112*B1+128)>>8)+((-38*R2-74*G2+112*B2+128)>>8))/2 + 128)>255 ? 255 : ((((-38*R1-74*G1+112*B1+128)>>8)+((-38*R2-74*G2+112*B2+128)>>8))/2 + 128); Y2 = (((66*R2+129*G2+25*B2+128)>>8) + 16)>255 ? 255 : ((66*R2+129*G2+25*B2+128)>>8) + 16; V1 = ((((112*R1-94*G1-18*B1+128)>>8) + ((112*R2-94*G2-18*B2+128)>>8))/2 + 128)>255 ? 255 : ((((112*R1-94*G1-18*B1+128)>>8) + ((112*R2-94*G2-18*B2+128)>>8))/2 + 128); *(pYUVData+i*width*3+j*6) = Y1; *(pYUVData+i*width*3+j*6+1) = U1; *(pYUVData+i*width*3+j*6+2) = Y2; *(pYUVData+i*width*3+j*6+3) = V1; *(pYUVData+i*width*3+j*6+4) = alpha; *(pYUVData+i*width*3+j*6+5) = alpha; } } } } else { if (alphaRGB) { for (int i=0; i>8) + 16) > 255 ? 255 : (((66*R1+129*G1+25*B1+128)>>8) + 16); U1 = ((((-38*R1-74*G1+112*B1+128)>>8)+((-38*R2-74*G2+112*B2+128)>>8))/2 + 128)>255 ? 255 : ((((-38*R1-74*G1+112*B1+128)>>8)+((-38*R2-74*G2+112*B2+128)>>8))/2 + 128); Y2 = (((66*R2+129*G2+25*B2+128)>>8) + 16)>255 ? 255 : ((66*R2+129*G2+25*B2+128)>>8) + 16; V1 = ((((112*R1-94*G1-18*B1+128)>>8) + ((112*R2-94*G2-18*B2+128)>>8))/2 + 128)>255 ? 255 : ((((112*R1-94*G1-18*B1+128)>>8) + ((112*R2-94*G2-18*B2+128)>>8))/2 + 128); *(pYUVData+i*width*2+j*4) = Y1; *(pYUVData+i*width*2+j*4+1) = U1; *(pYUVData+i*width*2+j*4+2) = Y2; *(pYUVData+i*width*2+j*4+3) = V1; } } } else { for (int i=0; i>8) + 16) > 255 ? 255 : (((66*R1+129*G1+25*B1+128)>>8) + 16); U1 = ((((-38*R1-74*G1+112*B1+128)>>8)+((-38*R2-74*G2+112*B2+128)>>8))/2 + 128)>255 ? 255 : ((((-38*R1-74*G1+112*B1+128)>>8)+((-38*R2-74*G2+112*B2+128)>>8))/2 + 128); Y2 = (((66*R2+129*G2+25*B2+128)>>8) + 16)>255 ? 255 : ((66*R2+129*G2+25*B2+128)>>8) + 16; V1 = ((((112*R1-94*G1-18*B1+128)>>8) + ((112*R2-94*G2-18*B2+128)>>8))/2 + 128)>255 ? 255 : ((((112*R1-94*G1-18*B1+128)>>8) + ((112*R2-94*G2-18*B2+128)>>8))/2 + 128); *(pYUVData+i*width*2+j*4) = Y1; *(pYUVData+i*width*2+j*4+1) = U1; *(pYUVData+i*width*2+j*4+2) = Y2; *(pYUVData+i*width*2+j*4+3) = V1; } } } } return 0; } // // pGBYUV point to the background YUV data // pFGYUV point to the foreground YUV data // width width of the picture // height height of the picture // alphaBG is there an alpha channel in background YUV data // alphaFG is there an alpha channel in fourground YUV data // int YUVBlending(void* pBGYUV, void* pFGYUV, int width, int height, bool alphaBG, bool alphaFG) { if (NULL == pBGYUV || NULL == pFGYUV) { return -1; } unsigned char* pBGData = (unsigned char*)pBGYUV; unsigned char* pFGData = (unsigned char*)pFGYUV; if (!alphaFG) { if (!alphaBG) { memcpy(pBGData, pFGData, width*height*2); } else { for (int i=0; i
经测试,功能已经实现,如有错误或者不妥的地方,恳请指出。
mosesyuan at gmail dot com







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