05-2_部署 kube-apiserver 集群

tags: master, kube-apiserver

05-2. 部署 kube-apiserver 集群

  • 05-2. 部署 kube-apiserver 集群
    • 创建 kubernetes-master 证书和私钥
    • 创建加密配置文件
    • 创建审计策略文件
    • 创建后续访问 metrics-server 或 kube-prometheus 使用的证书
    • 创建 kube-apiserver systemd unit 模板文件
    • 为各节点创建和分发 kube-apiserver systemd unit 文件
    • 启动 kube-apiserver 服务
    • 检查 kube-apiserver 运行状态
    • 检查集群信息
    • 检查 kube-apiserver 监听的端口

本文档讲解部署一个三实例 kube-apiserver 集群的步骤.

注意:如果没有特殊指明,本文档的所有操作均在 zhangjun-k8s-01 节点上执行

创建 kubernetes-master 证书和私钥

创建证书签名请求:

cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
cat > kubernetes-csr.json <<EOF
{
  "CN": "kubernetes-master",
  "hosts": [
    "127.0.0.1",
    "172.27.138.251",
    "172.27.137.229",
    "172.27.138.239",
    "${CLUSTER_KUBERNETES_SVC_IP}",
    "kubernetes",
    "kubernetes.default",
    "kubernetes.default.svc",
    "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
    "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local.",
    "kubernetes.default.svc.${CLUSTER_DNS_DOMAIN}."
  ],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "BeiJing",
      "L": "BeiJing",
      "O": "k8s",
      "OU": "opsnull"
    }
  ]
}
EOF
  • hosts 字段指定授权使用该证书的 IP 和域名列表,这里列出了 master 节点 IP、kubernetes 服务的 IP 和域名;

生成证书和私钥:

cfssl gencert -ca=/opt/k8s/work/ca.pem \
  -ca-key=/opt/k8s/work/ca-key.pem \
  -config=/opt/k8s/work/ca-config.json \
  -profile=kubernetes kubernetes-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kubernetes
ls kubernetes*pem

将生成的证书和私钥文件拷贝到所有 master 节点:

cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
  do
    echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
    ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/cert"
    scp kubernetes*.pem root@${node_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/cert/
  done

创建加密配置文件

cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
cat > encryption-config.yaml <<EOF
kind: EncryptionConfig
apiVersion: v1
resources:
  - resources:
      - secrets
    providers:
      - aescbc:
          keys:
            - name: key1
              secret: ${ENCRYPTION_KEY}
      - identity: {}
EOF

将加密配置文件拷贝到 master 节点的 /etc/kubernetes 目录下:

cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
  do
    echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
    scp encryption-config.yaml root@${node_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/
  done

创建审计策略文件

cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
cat > audit-policy.yaml <<EOF
apiVersion: audit.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Policy
rules:
  # The following requests were manually identified as high-volume and low-risk, so drop them.
  - level: None
    resources:
      - group: ""
        resources:
          - endpoints
          - services
          - services/status
    users:
      - 'system:kube-proxy'
    verbs:
      - watch

  - level: None
    resources:
      - group: ""
        resources:
          - nodes
          - nodes/status
    userGroups:
      - 'system:nodes'
    verbs:
      - get

  - level: None
    namespaces:
      - kube-system
    resources:
      - group: ""
        resources:
          - endpoints
    users:
      - 'system:kube-controller-manager'
      - 'system:kube-scheduler'
      - 'system:serviceaccount:kube-system:endpoint-controller'
    verbs:
      - get
      - update

  - level: None
    resources:
      - group: ""
        resources:
          - namespaces
          - namespaces/status
          - namespaces/finalize
    users:
      - 'system:apiserver'
    verbs:
      - get

  # Don't log HPA fetching metrics.
  - level: None
    resources:
      - group: metrics.k8s.io
    users:
      - 'system:kube-controller-manager'
    verbs:
      - get
      - list

  # Don't log these read-only URLs.
  - level: None
    nonResourceURLs:
      - '/healthz*'
      - /version
      - '/swagger*'

  # Don't log events requests.
  - level: None
    resources:
      - group: ""
        resources:
          - events

  # node and pod status calls from nodes are high-volume and can be large, don't log responses
  # for expected updates from nodes
  - level: Request
    omitStages:
      - RequestReceived
    resources:
      - group: ""
        resources:
          - nodes/status
          - pods/status
    users:
      - kubelet
      - 'system:node-problem-detector'
      - 'system:serviceaccount:kube-system:node-problem-detector'
    verbs:
      - update
      - patch

  - level: Request
    omitStages:
      - RequestReceived
    resources:
      - group: ""
        resources:
          - nodes/status
          - pods/status
    userGroups:
      - 'system:nodes'
    verbs:
      - update
      - patch

  # deletecollection calls can be large, don't log responses for expected namespace deletions
  - level: Request
    omitStages:
      - RequestReceived
    users:
      - 'system:serviceaccount:kube-system:namespace-controller'
    verbs:
      - deletecollection

  # Secrets, ConfigMaps, and TokenReviews can contain sensitive & binary data,
  # so only log at the Metadata level.
  - level: Metadata
    omitStages:
      - RequestReceived
    resources:
      - group: ""
        resources:
          - secrets
          - configmaps
      - group: authentication.k8s.io
        resources:
          - tokenreviews
  # Get repsonses can be large; skip them.
  - level: Request
    omitStages:
      - RequestReceived
    resources:
      - group: ""
      - group: admissionregistration.k8s.io
      - group: apiextensions.k8s.io
      - group: apiregistration.k8s.io
      - group: apps
      - group: authentication.k8s.io
      - group: authorization.k8s.io
      - group: autoscaling
      - group: batch
      - group: certificates.k8s.io
      - group: extensions
      - group: metrics.k8s.io
      - group: networking.k8s.io
      - group: policy
      - group: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
      - group: scheduling.k8s.io
      - group: settings.k8s.io
      - group: storage.k8s.io
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch

  # Default level for known APIs
  - level: RequestResponse
    omitStages:
      - RequestReceived
    resources:
      - group: ""
      - group: admissionregistration.k8s.io
      - group: apiextensions.k8s.io
      - group: apiregistration.k8s.io
      - group: apps
      - group: authentication.k8s.io
      - group: authorization.k8s.io
      - group: autoscaling
      - group: batch
      - group: certificates.k8s.io
      - group: extensions
      - group: metrics.k8s.io
      - group: networking.k8s.io
      - group: policy
      - group: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
      - group: scheduling.k8s.io
      - group: settings.k8s.io
      - group: storage.k8s.io
      
  # Default level for all other requests.
  - level: Metadata
    omitStages:
      - RequestReceived
EOF

分发审计策略文件:

cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
  do
    echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
    scp audit-policy.yaml root@${node_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml
  done

创建后续访问 metrics-server 或 kube-prometheus 使用的证书

创建证书签名请求:

cd /opt/k8s/work
cat > proxy-client-csr.json <<EOF
{
  "CN": "aggregator",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "BeiJing",
      "L": "BeiJing",
      "O": "k8s",
      "OU": "opsnull"
    }
  ]
}
EOF
  • CN 名称需要位于 kube-apiserver 的 --requestheader-allowed-names 参数中,否则后续访问 metrics 时会提示权限不足。

生成证书和私钥:

cfssl gencert -ca=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \
  -ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-key.pem  \
  -config=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-config.json  \
  -profile=kubernetes proxy-client-csr.json | cfssljson -bare proxy-client
ls proxy-client*.pem

将生成的证书和私钥文件拷贝到所有 master 节点:

source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
  do
    echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
    scp proxy-client*.pem root@${node_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/cert/
  done

创建 kube-apiserver systemd unit 模板文件

cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
cat > kube-apiserver.service.template <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
After=network.target

[Service]
WorkingDirectory=${K8S_DIR}/kube-apiserver
ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/kube-apiserver \\
  --advertise-address=##NODE_IP## \\
  --default-not-ready-toleration-seconds=360 \\
  --default-unreachable-toleration-seconds=360 \\
  --feature-gates=DynamicAuditing=true \\
  --max-mutating-requests-inflight=2000 \\
  --max-requests-inflight=4000 \\
  --default-watch-cache-size=200 \\
  --delete-collection-workers=2 \\
  --encryption-provider-config=/etc/kubernetes/encryption-config.yaml \\
  --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \\
  --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kubernetes.pem \\
  --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kubernetes-key.pem \\
  --etcd-servers=${ETCD_ENDPOINTS} \\
  --bind-address=##NODE_IP## \\
  --secure-port=6443 \\
  --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kubernetes.pem \\
  --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kubernetes-key.pem \\
  --insecure-port=0 \\
  --audit-dynamic-configuration \\
  --audit-log-maxage=15 \\
  --audit-log-maxbackup=3 \\
  --audit-log-maxsize=100 \\
  --audit-log-truncate-enabled \\
  --audit-log-path=${K8S_DIR}/kube-apiserver/audit.log \\
  --audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml \\
  --profiling \\
  --anonymous-auth=false \\
  --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \\
  --enable-bootstrap-token-auth \\
  --requestheader-allowed-names="aggregator" \\
  --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \\
  --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix="X-Remote-Extra-" \\
  --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group \\
  --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User \\
  --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \\
  --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC \\
  --runtime-config=api/all=true \\
  --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction \\
  --allow-privileged=true \\
  --apiserver-count=3 \\
  --event-ttl=168h \\
  --kubelet-certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \\
  --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kubernetes.pem \\
  --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kubernetes-key.pem \\
  --kubelet-https=true \\
  --kubelet-timeout=10s \\
  --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/proxy-client.pem \\
  --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/proxy-client-key.pem \\
  --service-cluster-ip-range=${SERVICE_CIDR} \\
  --service-node-port-range=${NODE_PORT_RANGE} \\
  --logtostderr=true \\
  --v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=10
Type=notify
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
  • --advertise-address:apiserver 对外通告的 IP(kubernetes 服务后端节点 IP);
  • --default-*-toleration-seconds:设置节点异常相关的阈值;
  • --max-*-requests-inflight:请求相关的最大阈值;
  • --etcd-*:访问 etcd 的证书和 etcd 服务器地址;
  • --bind-address: https 监听的 IP,不能为 127.0.0.1,否则外界不能访问它的安全端口 6443;
  • --secret-port:https 监听端口;
  • --insecure-port=0:关闭监听 http 非安全端口(8080);
  • --tls-*-file:指定 apiserver 使用的证书、私钥和 CA 文件;
  • --audit-*:配置审计策略和审计日志文件相关的参数;
  • --client-ca-file:验证 client (kue-controller-manager、kube-scheduler、kubelet、kube-proxy 等)请求所带的证书;
  • --enable-bootstrap-token-auth:启用 kubelet bootstrap 的 token 认证;
  • --requestheader-*:kube-apiserver 的 aggregator layer 相关的配置参数,proxy-client & HPA 需要使用;
  • --requestheader-client-ca-file:用于签名 --proxy-client-cert-file--proxy-client-key-file 指定的证书;在启用了 metric aggregator 时使用;
  • --requestheader-allowed-names:不能为空,值为逗号分割的 --proxy-client-cert-file 证书的 CN 名称,这里设置为 “aggregator”;
  • --service-account-key-file:签名 ServiceAccount Token 的公钥文件,kube-controller-manager 的 --service-account-private-key-file 指定私钥文件,两者配对使用;
  • --runtime-config=api/all=true: 启用所有版本的 APIs,如 autoscaling/v2alpha1;
  • --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC--anonymous-auth=false: 开启 Node 和 RBAC 授权模式,拒绝未授权的请求;
  • --enable-admission-plugins:启用一些默认关闭的 plugins;
  • --allow-privileged:运行执行 privileged 权限的容器;
  • --apiserver-count=3:指定 apiserver 实例的数量;
  • --event-ttl:指定 events 的保存时间;
  • --kubelet-*:如果指定,则使用 https 访问 kubelet APIs;需要为证书对应的用户(上面 kubernetes*.pem 证书的用户为 kubernetes) 用户定义 RBAC 规则,否则访问 kubelet API 时提示未授权;
  • --proxy-client-*:apiserver 访问 metrics-server 使用的证书;
  • --service-cluster-ip-range: 指定 Service Cluster IP 地址段;
  • --service-node-port-range: 指定 NodePort 的端口范围;

如果 kube-apiserver 机器没有运行 kube-proxy,则还需要添加 --enable-aggregator-routing=true 参数;

关于 --requestheader-XXX 相关参数,参考:

  • https://github.com/kubernetes-incubator/apiserver-builder/blob/master/docs/concepts/auth.md
  • https://docs.bitnami.com/kubernetes/how-to/configure-autoscaling-custom-metrics/

注意:

  1. --requestheader-client-ca-file 指定的 CA 证书,必须具有 client auth and server auth
  2. 如果 --requestheader-allowed-names 不为空,且 --proxy-client-cert-file 证书的 CN 名称不在 allowed-names 中,则后续查看 node 或 pods 的 metrics 失败,提示:
$ kubectl top nodes
Error from server (Forbidden): nodes.metrics.k8s.io is forbidden: User "aggregator" cannot list resource "nodes" in API group "metrics.k8s.io" at the cluster scope

为各节点创建和分发 kube-apiserver systemd unit 文件

替换模板文件中的变量,为各节点生成 systemd unit 文件:

cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for (( i=0; i < 3; i++ ))
  do
    sed -e "s/##NODE_NAME##/${NODE_NAMES[i]}/" -e "s/##NODE_IP##/${NODE_IPS[i]}/" kube-apiserver.service.template > kube-apiserver-${NODE_IPS[i]}.service 
  done
ls kube-apiserver*.service
  • NODE_NAMES 和 NODE_IPS 为相同长度的 bash 数组,分别为节点名称和对应的 IP;

分发生成的 systemd unit 文件:

cd /opt/k8s/work
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
  do
    echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
    scp kube-apiserver-${node_ip}.service root@${node_ip}:/etc/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service
  done

启动 kube-apiserver 服务

source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
  do
    echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
    ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p ${K8S_DIR}/kube-apiserver"
    ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable kube-apiserver && systemctl restart kube-apiserver"
  done

检查 kube-apiserver 运行状态

source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
  do
    echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
    ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl status kube-apiserver |grep 'Active:'"
  done

确保状态为 active (running),否则查看日志,确认原因:

journalctl -u kube-apiserver

检查集群状态

$ kubectl cluster-info
Kubernetes master is running at https://172.27.138.251:6443

To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'.

$ kubectl get all --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE   NAME                 TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
default     service/kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.254.0.1   <none>        443/TCP   3m53s

$ kubectl get componentstatuses
NAME                 AGE
controller-manager   <unknown>
scheduler            <unknown>
etcd-0               <unknown>
etcd-2               <unknown>
etcd-1               <unknown>
  • Kubernetes 1.16.6 存在 Bugs 导致返回结果一直为 ,但 kubectl get cs -o yaml 可以返回正确结果;

检查 kube-apiserver 监听的端口

$ sudo netstat -lnpt|grep kube
tcp        0      0 172.27.138.251:6443     0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      101442/kube-apiserv
  • 6443: 接收 https 请求的安全端口,对所有请求做认证和授权;
  • 由于关闭了非安全端口,故没有监听 8080;

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