3.3 转换
我们可以通过CompletableFuture来异步获取一组数据,并对数据进行一些转换,类似RxJava、Scala的map、flatMap操作。
3.3.1 map
方法名 | 描述 |
---|---|
thenApply(Function super T,? extends U> fn) | 接受一个Function super T,? extends U>参数用来转换CompletableFuture |
thenApplyAsync(Function super T,? extends U> fn) | 接受一个Function super T,? extends U>参数用来转换CompletableFuture,使用ForkJoinPool |
thenApplyAsync(Function super T,? extends U> fn, Executor executor) | 接受一个Function super T,? extends U>参数用来转换CompletableFuture,使用指定的线程池 |
thenApply的功能相当于将CompletableFuture
CompletableFuture future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> "Hello");
future = future.thenApply(new Function() {
@Override
public String apply(String s) {
return s + " World";
}
}).thenApply(new Function() {
@Override
public String apply(String s) {
return s.toUpperCase();
}
});
try {
System.out.println(future.get());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
再用lambda表达式简化一下
CompletableFuture future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> "Hello")
.thenApply(s -> s + " World").thenApply(String::toUpperCase);
try {
System.out.println(future.get());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
执行结果:
HELLO WORLD
下面的例子,展示了数据流的类型经历了如下的转换:String -> Integer -> Double。
CompletableFuture future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> "10")
.thenApply(Integer::parseInt)
.thenApply(i->i*10.0);
try {
System.out.println(future.get());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
执行结果:
100.0
3.3.2 flatMap
方法名 | 描述 |
---|---|
thenCompose(Function super T, ? extends CompletionStage> fn) | 在异步操作完成的时候对异步操作的结果进行一些操作,并且仍然返回CompletableFuture类型。 |
thenComposeAsync(Function super T, ? extends CompletionStage> fn) | 在异步操作完成的时候对异步操作的结果进行一些操作,并且仍然返回CompletableFuture类型。使用ForkJoinPool。 |
thenComposeAsync(Function super T, ? extends CompletionStage> fn,Executor executor) | 在异步操作完成的时候对异步操作的结果进行一些操作,并且仍然返回CompletableFuture类型。使用指定的线程池。 |
thenCompose可以用于组合多个CompletableFuture,将前一个结果作为下一个计算的参数,它们之间存在着先后顺序。
CompletableFuture future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> "Hello")
.thenCompose(s -> CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> s + " World"));
try {
System.out.println(future.get());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
执行结果:
Hello World
下面的例子展示了多次调用thenCompose()
CompletableFuture future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> "100")
.thenCompose(s -> CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> s + "100"))
.thenCompose(s -> CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> Double.parseDouble(s)));
try {
System.out.println(future.get());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
执行结果:
100100.0
3.4 组合
方法名 | 描述 |
---|---|
thenCombine(CompletionStage extends U> other, BiFunction super T,? super U,? extends V> fn) | 当两个CompletableFuture都正常完成后,执行提供的fn,用它来组合另外一个CompletableFuture的结果。 |
thenCombineAsync(CompletionStage extends U> other, BiFunction super T,? super U,? extends V> fn) | 当两个CompletableFuture都正常完成后,执行提供的fn,用它来组合另外一个CompletableFuture的结果。使用ForkJoinPool。 |
thenCombineAsync(CompletionStage extends U> other, BiFunction super T,? super U,? extends V> fn, Executor executor) | 当两个CompletableFuture都正常完成后,执行提供的fn,用它来组合另外一个CompletableFuture的结果。使用指定的线程池。 |
现在有CompletableFuture
CompletableFuture future1 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> "100");
CompletableFuture future2 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> 100);
CompletableFuture future = future1.thenCombine(future2, (s, i) -> Double.parseDouble(s + i));
try {
System.out.println(future.get());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
执行结果:
100100.0
使用thenCombine()之后future1、future2之间是并行执行的,最后再将结果汇总。这一点跟thenCompose()不同。
thenAcceptBoth跟thenCombine类似,但是返回CompletableFuture
方法名 | 描述 |
---|---|
thenAcceptBoth(CompletionStage extends U> other, BiConsumer super T,? super U> action) | 当两个CompletableFuture都正常完成后,执行提供的action,用它来组合另外一个CompletableFuture的结果。 |
thenAcceptBothAsync(CompletionStage extends U> other, BiConsumer super T,? super U> action) | 当两个CompletableFuture都正常完成后,执行提供的action,用它来组合另外一个CompletableFuture的结果。使用ForkJoinPool。 |
thenAcceptBothAsync(CompletionStage extends U> other, BiConsumer super T,? super U> action, Executor executor) | 当两个CompletableFuture都正常完成后,执行提供的action,用它来组合另外一个CompletableFuture的结果。使用指定的线程池。 |
CompletableFuture future1 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> "100");
CompletableFuture future2 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> 100);
CompletableFuture future = future1.thenAcceptBoth(future2, (s, i) -> System.out.println(Double.parseDouble(s + i)));
try {
future.get();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
执行结果:
100100.0
3.5 计算结果完成时的处理
当CompletableFuture完成计算结果后,我们可能需要对结果进行一些处理。
3.5.1 执行特定的Action
方法名 | 描述 |
---|---|
whenComplete(BiConsumer super T,? super Throwable> action) | 当CompletableFuture完成计算结果时对结果进行处理,或者当CompletableFuture产生异常的时候对异常进行处理。 |
whenCompleteAsync(BiConsumer super T,? super Throwable> action) | 当CompletableFuture完成计算结果时对结果进行处理,或者当CompletableFuture产生异常的时候对异常进行处理。使用ForkJoinPool。 |
whenCompleteAsync(BiConsumer super T,? super Throwable> action, Executor executor) | 当CompletableFuture完成计算结果时对结果进行处理,或者当CompletableFuture产生异常的时候对异常进行处理。使用指定的线程池。 |
CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> "Hello")
.thenApply(s->s+" World")
.thenApply(s->s+ "\nThis is CompletableFuture demo")
.thenApply(String::toLowerCase)
.whenComplete((result, throwable) -> System.out.println(result));
执行结果:
hello world
this is completablefuture demo
3.5.2 执行完Action可以做转换
方法名 | 描述 |
---|---|
handle(BiFunction super T, Throwable, ? extends U> fn) | 当CompletableFuture完成计算结果或者抛出异常的时候,执行提供的fn |
handleAsync(BiFunction super T, Throwable, ? extends U> fn) | 当CompletableFuture完成计算结果或者抛出异常的时候,执行提供的fn,使用ForkJoinPool。 |
handleAsync(BiFunction super T, Throwable, ? extends U> fn, Executor executor) | 当CompletableFuture完成计算结果或者抛出异常的时候,执行提供的fn,使用指定的线程池。 |
CompletableFuture future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> "100")
.thenApply(s->s+"100")
.handle((s, t) -> s != null ? Double.parseDouble(s) : 0);
try {
System.out.println(future.get());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
执行结果:
100100.0
在这里,handle()的参数是BiFunction,apply()方法返回R,相当于转换的操作。
@FunctionalInterface
public interface BiFunction {
/**
* Applies this function to the given arguments.
*
* @param t the first function argument
* @param u the second function argument
* @return the function result
*/
R apply(T t, U u);
/**
* Returns a composed function that first applies this function to
* its input, and then applies the {@code after} function to the result.
* If evaluation of either function throws an exception, it is relayed to
* the caller of the composed function.
*
* @param the type of output of the {@code after} function, and of the
* composed function
* @param after the function to apply after this function is applied
* @return a composed function that first applies this function and then
* applies the {@code after} function
* @throws NullPointerException if after is null
*/
default BiFunction andThen(Function super R, ? extends V> after) {
Objects.requireNonNull(after);
return (T t, U u) -> after.apply(apply(t, u));
}
}
而whenComplete()的参数是BiConsumer,accept()方法返回void。
@FunctionalInterface
public interface BiConsumer {
/**
* Performs this operation on the given arguments.
*
* @param t the first input argument
* @param u the second input argument
*/
void accept(T t, U u);
/**
* Returns a composed {@code BiConsumer} that performs, in sequence, this
* operation followed by the {@code after} operation. If performing either
* operation throws an exception, it is relayed to the caller of the
* composed operation. If performing this operation throws an exception,
* the {@code after} operation will not be performed.
*
* @param after the operation to perform after this operation
* @return a composed {@code BiConsumer} that performs in sequence this
* operation followed by the {@code after} operation
* @throws NullPointerException if {@code after} is null
*/
default BiConsumer andThen(BiConsumer super T, ? super U> after) {
Objects.requireNonNull(after);
return (l, r) -> {
accept(l, r);
after.accept(l, r);
};
}
}
所以,handle()相当于whenComplete()+转换。
3.5.3 纯消费(执行Action)
方法名 | 描述 |
---|---|
thenAccept(Consumer super T> action) | 当CompletableFuture完成计算结果,只对结果执行Action,而不返回新的计算值 |
thenAcceptAsync(Consumer super T> action) | 当CompletableFuture完成计算结果,只对结果执行Action,而不返回新的计算值,使用ForkJoinPool。 |
thenAcceptAsync(Consumer super T> action, Executor executor) | 当CompletableFuture完成计算结果,只对结果执行Action,而不返回新的计算值 |
thenAccept()是只会对计算结果进行消费而不会返回任何结果的方法。
CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> "Hello")
.thenApply(s->s+" World")
.thenApply(s->s+ "\nThis is CompletableFuture demo")
.thenApply(String::toLowerCase)
.thenAccept(System.out::print);
执行结果:
hello world
this is completablefuture demo
链接:http://www.imooc.com/article/21655
来源:慕课网