项目源码: https://gitee.com/benwang6/seata-samples
在上一节中我们完成了订单项目案例,但没有添加事务处理。下面在这个项目中我们添加 Seata AT 事务。
无事务版案例代码可以在这里下载:
https://gitee.com/benwang6/seata-samples/tree/%E6%97%A0%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%A1%E7%89%88
在《分布式事务(三)Seata分布式事务框架-AT模式介绍》 中介绍了 Seata AT 事务原理,介绍了 AT 事务的三个角色:TC(事务协调器)、TM(事务管理器)和RM(资源管理器),其中 TM 和 RM 是嵌入在业务应用中的,而 TC 则是一个独立服务。
Seata Server 就是 TC,直接从官方仓库下载启动即可,下载地址:https://github.com/seata/seata/releases
Seata Server 的配置文件有两个:
seata/conf/registry.conf
seata/conf/file.conf
Seata Server 要向注册中心进行注册,这样,其他服务就可以通过注册中心去发现 Seata Server,与 Seata Server 进行通信。
Seata 支持多款注册中心服务:nacos 、eureka、redis、zk、consul、etcd3、sofa。
我们项目中要使用 eureka 注册中心,eureka服务的连接地址、注册的服务名,这需要在 registry.conf
文件中进行配置:
registry {
# file 、nacos 、eureka、redis、zk、consul、etcd3、sofa
# 这里选择 eureka 注册配置
type = "eureka"
nacos {
......
}
# eureka的注册配置
eureka {
# 注册中心地址
serviceUrl = "http://localhost:8761/eureka"
# 注册的服务ID
application = "seata-server"
weight = "1"
}
redis {
......
}
......
Seata 需要存储全局事务信息、分支事务信息、全局锁信息,这些数据存储到什么位置?
针对存储位置的配置,支持放在配置中心,或者也可以放在本地文件。Seata Server 支持的配置中心服务有:nacos 、apollo、zk、consul、etcd3。
这里我们选择最简单的,使用本地文件,这需要在 registry.conf
配置文件中来指定:
......
config {
# file、nacos 、apollo、zk、consul、etcd3
# 在这里选择使用本地文件来保存配置
type = "file"
......
etcd3 {
serverAddr = "http://localhost:2379"
}
file {
# 在这里设置配置文件的文件名
name = "file.conf"
}
}
file.conf
中对事务信息的存储位置进行配置,存储位置支持:file、db、redis。
这里我们选择数据库作为存储位置,这需要在 file.conf
中进行配置:
store {
## store mode: file、db、redis
# 这里选择数据库存储
mode = "db"
## file store property
file {
......
}
# 数据库存储
db {
## the implement of javax.sql.DataSource, such as DruidDataSource(druid)/BasicDataSource(dbcp)/HikariDataSource(hikari) etc.
datasource = "druid"
## mysql/oracle/postgresql/h2/oceanbase etc.
dbType = "mysql"
driverClassName = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"
# 数据库连接配置
url = "jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/seata?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8"
user = "root"
password = "root"
minConn = 5
maxConn = 30
# 事务日志表表名设置
globalTable = "global_table"
branchTable = "branch_table"
lockTable = "lock_table"
queryLimit = 100
maxWait = 5000
}
## redis store property
redis {
......
}
}
启动文件:seata-server.bat
用文本编辑器打开文件,找到文件中这一行:
%JAVACMD% %JAVA_OPTS% -server -Xmx2048m -Xms2048m -Xmn1024m -Xss512k -XX:Sur......
看到 Seata Server 默认使用 2G 内存,测试环境我们可以把内存调低:
%JAVACMD% %JAVA_OPTS% -server -Xmx256m -Xms256m -Xmn128m -Xss512k -XX:Sur......
双击 seata-server.bat
启动 Seata Server。
查看 Eureka 注册中心 Seata Server 的注册信息:
订单调用库存和账户,我们先从前面的订单开始。
在订单项目中要启动全局事务,还要执行订单保存的分支事务。
order-parent 的 pom.xml 文件中有一段注释掉的 seata 依赖,现在可以打开它了:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parentartifactId>
<version>2.3.2.RELEASEversion>
<relativePath/>
parent>
<groupId>cn.tedugroupId>
<artifactId>order-parentartifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOTversion>
<packaging>pompackaging>
<name>order-parentname>
<properties>
<mybatis-plus.version>3.3.2mybatis-plus.version>
<druid-spring-boot-starter.version>1.1.23druid-spring-boot-starter.version>
<seata.version>1.3.0seata.version>
<spring-cloud-alibaba-seata.version>2.0.0.RELEASEspring-cloud-alibaba-seata.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR6spring-cloud.version>
properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starterartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-clientartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeignartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.baomidougroupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starterartifactId>
<version>${mybatis-plus.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysqlgroupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-javaartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibabagroupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starterartifactId>
<version>${druid-spring-boot-starter.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloudgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-seataartifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud-alibaba-seata.version}version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<artifactId>seata-allartifactId>
<groupId>io.seatagroupId>
exclusion>
exclusions>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.seatagroupId>
<artifactId>seata-allartifactId>
<version>${seata.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombokgroupId>
<artifactId>lombokartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-testartifactId>
<scope>testscope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintagegroupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engineartifactId>
exclusion>
exclusions>
dependency>
dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependenciesartifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}version>
<type>pomtype>
<scope>importscope>
dependency>
dependencies>
dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-pluginartifactId>
plugin>
plugins>
build>
project>
TC 事务协调器通过“事务组”的方式将多个服务组织成一个全局事务。每个服务启动时要向TC注册,加入同一个事务组。
spring:
......
cloud:
alibaba:
seata:
tx-service-group: order_tx_group
......
需要从注册中心获得 TC 的地址,这里配置注册中心的地址。
TC 在注册中心注册的服务ID在下面 file.conf
中指定。
registry {
# file 、nacos 、eureka、redis、zk、consul、etcd3、sofa
type = "eureka"
nacos {
serverAddr = "localhost"
namespace = ""
cluster = "default"
}
eureka {
serviceUrl = "http://localhost:8761/eureka"
# application = "default"
# weight = "1"
}
redis {
serverAddr = "localhost:6379"
db = "0"
password = ""
cluster = "default"
timeout = "0"
}
zk {
cluster = "default"
serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:2181"
session.timeout = 6000
connect.timeout = 2000
username = ""
password = ""
}
consul {
cluster = "default"
serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8500"
}
etcd3 {
cluster = "default"
serverAddr = "http://localhost:2379"
}
sofa {
serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:9603"
application = "default"
region = "DEFAULT_ZONE"
datacenter = "DefaultDataCenter"
cluster = "default"
group = "SEATA_GROUP"
addressWaitTime = "3000"
}
file {
name = "file.conf"
}
}
config {
# file、nacos 、apollo、zk、consul、etcd3、springCloudConfig
type = "file"
nacos {
serverAddr = "localhost"
namespace = ""
group = "SEATA_GROUP"
}
consul {
serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8500"
}
apollo {
app.id = "seata-server"
apollo.meta = "http://192.168.1.204:8801"
namespace = "application"
}
zk {
serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:2181"
session.timeout = 6000
connect.timeout = 2000
username = ""
password = ""
}
etcd3 {
serverAddr = "http://localhost:2379"
}
file {
name = "file.conf"
}
}
在这里我们指定 TC 的服务ID seata-server
:
vgroupMapping.order_tx_group = "seata-server"
order_tx_group
对应 application.yml
中注册的事务组名。
transport {
# tcp udt unix-domain-socket
type = "TCP"
#NIO NATIVE
server = "NIO"
#enable heartbeat
heartbeat = true
# the client batch send request enable
enableClientBatchSendRequest = true
#thread factory for netty
threadFactory {
bossThreadPrefix = "NettyBoss"
workerThreadPrefix = "NettyServerNIOWorker"
serverExecutorThread-prefix = "NettyServerBizHandler"
shareBossWorker = false
clientSelectorThreadPrefix = "NettyClientSelector"
clientSelectorThreadSize = 1
clientWorkerThreadPrefix = "NettyClientWorkerThread"
# netty boss thread size,will not be used for UDT
bossThreadSize = 1
#auto default pin or 8
workerThreadSize = "default"
}
shutdown {
# when destroy server, wait seconds
wait = 3
}
serialization = "seata"
compressor = "none"
}
service {
#transaction service group mapping
# order_tx_group 与 yml 中的 “tx-service-group: order_tx_group” 配置一致
# “seata-server” 与 TC 服务器的注册名一致
# 从eureka获取seata-server的地址,再向seata-server注册自己,设置group
vgroupMapping.order_tx_group = "seata-server"
#only support when registry.type=file, please don't set multiple addresses
order_tx_group.grouplist = "127.0.0.1:8091"
#degrade, current not support
enableDegrade = false
#disable seata
disableGlobalTransaction = false
}
client {
rm {
asyncCommitBufferLimit = 10000
lock {
retryInterval = 10
retryTimes = 30
retryPolicyBranchRollbackOnConflict = true
}
reportRetryCount = 5
tableMetaCheckEnable = false
reportSuccessEnable = false
}
tm {
commitRetryCount = 5
rollbackRetryCount = 5
}
undo {
dataValidation = true
logSerialization = "jackson"
logTable = "undo_log"
}
log {
exceptionRate = 100
}
}
Seata AT 事务对业务代码无侵入,全自动化处理全局事务,其功能是靠 Seata 的数据源代理工具实现的。
这里我们创建 Seata 的数据源代理,并排除 Spring 默认的数据源。
package cn.tedu.order;
import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource;
import io.seata.rm.datasource.DataSourceProxy;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
@Configuration
public class DatasourceConfiguration {
@Bean
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
public DataSource druidDataSource(){
DruidDataSource druidDataSource = new DruidDataSource();
return druidDataSource;
}
@Primary
@Bean("dataSource")
public DataSourceProxy dataSource(DataSource druidDataSource){
return new DataSourceProxy(druidDataSource);
}
}
主程序中排除Springboot 的默认数据源:
package cn.tedu.order;
import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
@EnableFeignClients
@MapperScan("cn.tedu.order.mapper")
@SpringBootApplication(exclude = DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class)
public class OrderApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class, args);
}
}
Seata AT 对业务无侵入,所以启动全局事务非常简单,只需要添加一个 @GlobalTransactional
注解即可。
另外我们一步一步地添加全局事务并测试,这里先把 storage 和 account 调用注掉。
package cn.tedu.order.service;
import cn.tedu.order.entity.Order;
import cn.tedu.order.feign.AccountClient;
import cn.tedu.order.feign.EasyIdGeneratorClient;
import cn.tedu.order.feign.StorageClient;
import cn.tedu.order.mapper.OrderMapper;
import io.seata.spring.annotation.GlobalTransactional;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {
@Autowired
private OrderMapper orderMapper;
@Autowired
EasyIdGeneratorClient easyIdGeneratorClient;
@Autowired
private AccountClient accountClient;
@Autowired
private StorageClient storageClient;
@GlobalTransactional
@Override
public void create(Order order) {
// 从全局唯一id发号器获得id
Long orderId = easyIdGeneratorClient.nextId("order_business");
order.setId(orderId);
orderMapper.create(order);
// 修改库存
//storageClient.decrease(order.getProductId(), order.getCount());
// 修改账户余额
//accountClient.decrease(order.getUserId(), order.getMoney());
}
}
按顺序启动服务:
调用保存订单,地址:
http://localhost:8083/create?userId=1&productId=1&count=10&money=100
观察控制台,看到全局事务和订单的分支事务已经启动,并可以看到全局事务ID(XID)和分支事务ID(Branch ID):
然后观察数据库中新添加的订单数据:
在业务代码中加一个模拟异常再试一下:
package cn.tedu.order.service;
import cn.tedu.order.entity.Order;
import cn.tedu.order.feign.AccountClient;
import cn.tedu.order.feign.EasyIdGeneratorClient;
import cn.tedu.order.feign.StorageClient;
import cn.tedu.order.mapper.OrderMapper;
import io.seata.spring.annotation.GlobalTransactional;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {
@Autowired
private OrderMapper orderMapper;
@Autowired
EasyIdGeneratorClient easyIdGeneratorClient;
@Autowired
private AccountClient accountClient;
@Autowired
private StorageClient storageClient;
@GlobalTransactional
@Override
public void create(Order order) {
// 从全局唯一id发号器获得id
Long orderId = easyIdGeneratorClient.nextId("order_business");
order.setId(orderId);
orderMapper.create(order);
if (Math.random() < 0.5) {
throw new RuntimeException("模拟异常");
}
// 修改库存
//storageClient.decrease(order.getProductId(), order.getCount());
// 修改账户余额
//accountClient.decrease(order.getUserId(), order.getMoney());
}
}
重启 order 项目,并调用保存订单:
http://localhost:8083/create?userId=1&productId=1&count=10&money=100
可以看到全局事务回滚的日志:
订单启动全局事务部分完成,在继续之前,先把模拟异常注释掉:
......
//if (Math.random() < 0.5) {
// throw new RuntimeException("模拟异常");
//}
......
与订单项目中添加的配置完全相同,请参考订单配置章节配置下面三个文件:
与订单项目中数据源代理完全相同,请参考订单中数据源代理章节,在 cn.tedu.storage
包下创建数据源配置类 DatasourceConfiguration
。主程序注解排除 DataSourceAutoConfiguration
自动配置类。
在业务方法上添加 @Transactional
注解启动本地事务:
package cn.tedu.storage.service;
import cn.tedu.storage.mapper.StorageMapper;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
@Service
public class StorageServiceImpl implements StorageService {
@Autowired
private StorageMapper storageMapper;
@Transactional
@Override
public void decrease(Long productId, Integer count) throws Exception {
storageMapper.decrease(productId,count);
}
}
前面我们把调用商品库存注释掉了,现把注释打开:
// 修改库存
storageClient.decrease(order.getProductId(), order.getCount());
按顺序启动项目:
调用保存订单,地址:
http://localhost:8083/create?userId=1&productId=1&count=10&money=100
订单会调用库存,这两个服务会分别启动一个分支事务,两个分支事务一起组成一个全局事务:
观察两个项目的控制台都有Seata AT事务的日志,Storage 项目控制台如下:
然后观察数据库中新添加的订单和减少的库存:
在业务代码中加一个模拟异常再试一下:
package cn.tedu.storage.service;
import cn.tedu.storage.mapper.StorageMapper;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
@Service
public class StorageServiceImpl implements StorageService {
@Autowired
private StorageMapper storageMapper;
@Transactional
@Override
public void decrease(Long productId, Integer count) throws Exception {
storageMapper.decrease(productId,count);
if (Math.random() < 0.5) {
throw new RuntimeException("模拟异常");
}
}
}
重启 storage 项目,并调用保存订单:
http://localhost:8083/create?userId=1&productId=1&count=10&money=100
查看数据库表 order 和 storage,如果执行成功会新增订单、减少库存,如果执行失败则数据没有变化,被回滚了。
storage 分支事务部分完成,在继续之前,先把模拟异常注释掉:
......
//if (Math.random() < 0.5) {
// throw new RuntimeException("模拟异常");
//}
......
与订单项目中添加的配置完全相同,请参考订单配置章节配置下面三个文件:
与订单项目中数据源代理完全相同,请参考订单中数据源代理章节,在 cn.tedu.account
包下创建数据源配置类 DatasourceConfiguration
。主程序注解排除 DataSourceAutoConfiguration
自动配置类。
在业务方法上添加 @Transactional
注解启动本地事务:
package cn.tedu.account.service;
import cn.tedu.account.mapper.AccountMapper;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
@Service
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {
@Autowired
private AccountMapper accountMapper;
@Transactional
@Override
public void decrease(Long userId, BigDecimal money) {
accountMapper.decrease(userId,money);
}
}
前面我们把调用账户注释掉了,现把注释打开:
// 修改账户余额
accountClient.decrease(order.getUserId(), order.getMoney());
按顺序启动项目:
调用保存订单,地址:
http://localhost:8083/create?userId=1&productId=1&count=10&money=100
订单会调用库存和账户,这三个服务会分别启动一个分支事务,三个分支事务一起组成一个全局事务:
观察三个项目的控制台都有Seata AT事务的日志,account 项目控制台如下:
然后观察数据库中的订单表、库存表和账户表。
在业务代码中加一个模拟异常再试一下:
package cn.tedu.account.service;
import cn.tedu.account.mapper.AccountMapper;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
@Service
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {
@Autowired
private AccountMapper accountMapper;
@Transactional
@Override
public void decrease(Long userId, BigDecimal money) {
accountMapper.decrease(userId,money);
if (Math.random() < 0.5) {
throw new RuntimeException("模拟异常");
}
}
}
重启 account 项目,并调用保存订单:
http://localhost:8083/create?userId=1&productId=1&count=10&money=100
查看数据库表 order、storage 和 account,如果执行成功会新增订单、减少库存、扣减金额,如果执行失败则数据没有变化,被回滚了。
失败时,在 order 和 storage 控制台可以看到回滚日志。
account 分支事务部分完成,最后把模拟异常注释掉:
......
//if (Math.random() < 0.5) {
// throw new RuntimeException("模拟异常");
//}
......
按 ctrl+k
提交代码,代码全部选中进行提交即可。
提交后,再按 ctrl+shift+k
执行推送,把代码推送到远程仓库。
项目源码: https://gitee.com/benwang6/seata-samples