#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
//堆操作
/*
原始堆中的每个元素都以任意顺序安插,但移除的顺序是由最大到最小,
堆内部以树状方式来表现,该树的结构以“每个节点小于或者等于其父节点”的方式构造
属性:
1、在未排序的堆中,第一个元素总是最大的,即*first便是堆中最大的元素
2、在对数时间内以push_heap为堆增加新元素,以pop_heap为堆移除元素
3、可以通过sort_heap方法将堆转成sorted range
*/
int main()
{
/************************************************************************/
//make_heap
/************************************************************************/
/*
make_heap:将range[first,last)转换为一个堆
版本1:采用operator<进行比较,必导致is_heap(first,last)为true
版本2:采用function object comp进行比较,必导致is_heap(first,last,comp)为true
*/
/*
template
void make_heap(
RandomAccessIterator _First,
RandomAccessIterator _Last
);
template
void make_heap(
RandomAccessIterator _First,
RandomAccessIterator _Last,
BinaryPredicate _Comp
);
*/
int a[] = { 1, 3, 5, 2, 9, 6, 8 };
std::make_heap(std::begin(a), std::end(a));
assert(std::is_heap(std::begin(a), std::end(a))); //true
//9 3 8 2 1 6 5
std::copy(std::begin(a), std::end(a), std::ostream_iterator(std::cout, " "));
std::cout << std::endl;
//使第一个元素为最小
std::make_heap(std::begin(a), std::end(a), std::greater());
assert(std::is_heap(std::begin(a), std::end(a), std::greater())); //true
//1 2 5 9 3 6 8
std::copy(std::begin(a), std::end(a), std::ostream_iterator(std::cout, " "));
std::cout << std::endl;
//将堆进行排序,由于上述make_heap操作使用了greater(),所以在sort_heap函数的第三个参数设置为greater()
std::sort_heap(std::begin(a), std::end(a), std::greater());
assert(std::is_sorted(std::begin(a), std::end(a), std::greater())); //true
//9 8 6 5 3 2 1
std::copy(std::begin(a), std::end(a), std::ostream_iterator(std::cout, " "));
std::cout << std::endl;
/************************************************************************/
//push_heap
/************************************************************************/
//push_heap:为堆增加新元素以重新生成堆
/*
template
void push_heap(
RandomAccessIterator _First,
RandomAccessIterator _Last
);
template
void push_heap(
RandomAccessIterator _First,
RandomAccessIterator _Last,
BinaryPredicate _Comp
);
*/
std::vector iv;
for (auto i : { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9})
iv.push_back(i);
//全排列中的一组
//9 2 7 3 1 6 8 4 5
std::random_shuffle(iv.begin(), iv.end());
std::copy(iv.begin(), iv.end(), std::ostream_iterator(std::cout, " "));
std::cout << std::endl;
std::make_heap(iv.begin(), iv.end());
//9 5 8 4 1 6 7 2 3
std::copy(iv.begin(), iv.end(), std::ostream_iterator(std::cout, " "));
std::cout << std::endl;
iv.push_back(10);
std::push_heap(iv.begin(), iv.end());
//10 9 8 4 5 6 7 2 3 1
std::copy(iv.begin(), iv.end(), std::ostream_iterator(std::cout, " "));
std::cout << std::endl;
/************************************************************************/
//pop_heap
/************************************************************************/
//pop_heap:为堆移除最大(greater()为最小)元素,把移除的元素移到最后
/*
template
void pop_heap(
RandomAccessIterator _First,
RandomAccessIterator _Last
);
template
void pop_heap(
RandomAccessIterator _First,
RandomAccessIterator _Last,
BinaryPredicate _Comp
);
*/
iv.clear();
for (auto i : { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 })
iv.push_back(i);
std::random_shuffle(iv.begin(), iv.end());
std::make_heap(iv.begin(), iv.end());
//9 8 7 6 2 3 5 1 4
std::copy(iv.begin(), iv.end(), std::ostream_iterator(std::cout, " "));
std::cout << std::endl;
//把*first移动最后
std::pop_heap(iv.begin(), iv.end());
//8 6 7 4 2 3 5 1 9
std::copy(iv.begin(), iv.end(), std::ostream_iterator(std::cout, " "));
std::cout << std::endl;
std::make_heap(iv.begin(), iv.end(), std::greater());
//1 2 3 4 8 7 5 6 9
std::copy(iv.begin(), iv.end(), std::ostream_iterator(std::cout, " "));
std::cout << std::endl;
//把*first移动最后
std::pop_heap(iv.begin(), iv.end(), std::greater());
//2 4 3 6 8 7 5 9 1
std::copy(iv.begin(), iv.end(), std::ostream_iterator(std::cout, " "));
std::cout << std::endl;
//sort_heap的实现方式
int c[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 };
const int nc = sizeof c / sizeof c[0];
int n = 0;
/*
6 5 3 4 2 1
5 4 3 1 2
4 2 3 1
3 2 1
2 1
1
*/
std::make_heap(std::begin(c), std::end(c));
while (n < nc)
{
std::copy(std::begin(c), std::end(c) - n, std::ostream_iterator(std::cout, " "));
std::cout << std::endl;
std::pop_heap(std::begin(c), std::end(c) - n);
n++;
}
std::copy(std::begin(c), std::end(c) - n, std::ostream_iterator(std::cout, " "));
std::cout << std::endl;
/************************************************************************/
//sort_heap
/************************************************************************/
//sort_heap:把堆[first,last)转成一个sorted range,不是一个stable稳定的排序法
/*
template
void sort_heap(
RandomAccessIterator _First,
RandomAccessIterator _Last
);
template
void sort_heap(
RandomAccessIterator _First,
RandomAccessIterator _Last,
Predicate _Comp
);
*/
//略
/************************************************************************/
//is_heap
/************************************************************************/
//is_heap:判断是否为堆上的range
/*
template
bool is_heap(
RandomAccessIterator _First,
RandomAccessIterator _Last
);
template
bool is_heap(
RandomAccessIterator _First,
RandomAccessIterator _Last,
BinaryPredicate _Comp
);
*/
//略
return 0;
}
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