【Git】基础-1
文章目录
- 1.安装
- 2.git入门
- 3.git config
1.安装
# yum install git
检查git的版本
# git --version
git version 1.8.3.1
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
2.git入门
（1）创建一个工程目录
# mkdir lession01
（2）将工程目录初始化
# cd lession01/
# git init
（3）初始化完成后，git在当前工程创建了.git文件夹，存放git相关的内容
# ls -al
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 18 Aug 4 08:54 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 40 Aug 4 08:48 ..
drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 119 Aug 4 08:54 .git
# cd .git
# ll
total 12
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Aug 4 08:54 branches
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 92 Aug 4 08:54 config
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 73 Aug 4 08:54 description
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 23 Aug 4 08:54 HEAD
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 242 Aug 4 08:54 hooks
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 21 Aug 4 08:54 info
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 30 Aug 4 08:54 objects
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 31 Aug 4 08:54 refs
（4）在工程目录下创建一个新的文件
# echo "hello git" >> a.txt
（5）查看git status
# git status
# On branch master
#
# Initial commit
#
# Untracked files:
# (use "git add ..." to include in what will be committed)
#
# a.txt
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
（6）将新增的文件加入到git的index域
# git add a.txt
（7）查看git status
# git status
# On branch master
#
# Initial commit
#
# Changes to be committed:
# (use "git rm --cached ..." to unstage)
#
# new file: a.txt
（8）提交
# git commit -m "first commit"
（9）查看提交记录
# git log
commit ac0c6182c3f10601c6e59ee056678d33ce04b820
Author: jim19Green <[email protected]>
Date: Tue Aug 4 09:04:46 2020 +0800
first commit
# git log --oneline
ac0c618 first commit
（10）修改a.txt的内容，git能够发现文件的变动
# echo "111111" >> a.txt
# git status
# On branch master
# Changes not staged for commit:
# (use "git add ..." to update what will be committed)
# (use "git checkout -- ..." to discard changes in working directory)
#
# modified: a.txt
#
no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
（11）使用git checkout撤销对a.txt的修改
# git checkout -- a.txt
# cat a.txt
hello git
总结：
| 序号 | 命令 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | git --version | 查看git的版本信息 |
| 2 | git init | 初始化当前目录，在当前目录创建.git文件夹 |
| 3 | git add | 将文件添加到git的index中 |
| 4 | git commit -m “comment words” | 提交，-m指定提交的注释 |
| 5 | git chechout – | 撤销对file的修改，注意，撤销的操作被丢弃了，无法找回 |
| 6 | git status | 查看当前目录下git 的状态，git会对当前工程的版本信息进行描述 |
| 7 | git log | 查看git的日志，日志内记录了用户名，email、git版本号等内容 |
| 8 | git log --oneline | 查看git日志，单行模式 |
3.git config
（1）查看git config的帮助文档
# git config --help
GIT-CONFIG(1) Git Manual GIT-CONFIG(1)
NAME
git-config - Get and set repository or global options
SYNOPSIS
git config [<file-option>] [type] [-z|--null] name [value [value_regex]]
git config [<file-option>] [type] --add name value
git config [<file-option>] [type] --replace-all name value [value_regex]
git config [<file-option>] [type] [-z|--null] --get name [value_regex]
git config [<file-option>] [type] [-z|--null] --get-all name [value_regex]
git config [<file-option>] [type] [-z|--null] --get-regexp name_regex [value_regex]
git config [<file-option>] --unset name [value_regex]
git config [<file-option>] --unset-all name [value_regex]
git config [<file-option>] --rename-section old_name new_name
git config [<file-option>] --remove-section name
git config [<file-option>] [-z|--null] -l | --list
git config [<file-option>] --get-color name [default]
git config [<file-option>] --get-colorbool name [stdout-is-tty]
git config [<file-option>] -e | --edit
git config是git配置，git的配置分为三个等级，分别对应3个config文件
- local：./.git/config，local级别的config存放在当前工程目录下
- global：~/.gitconfig，global级别的config存放在用户目录下
- system：/etc/gitconfig。system级别的config存放在/etc目录下
（2）查看local界别的config
# git config --local --list
core.repositoryformatversion=0
core.filemode=true
core.bare=false
core.logallrefupdates=true
（3）查看global级别的config
# git config --global --list
user.name=jim19Green
user.email=[email protected]
color.ui=auto
（4）查看system级别的config
# git config --system --list
fatal: unable to read config file '/etc/gitconfig': No such file or directory
（5）在工程目录下初始化，添加文件，添加文件到index，提交文件，查看log
# mkdir lession02
# cd lession02
# git init
Initialized empty Git repository in /root/Desktop/git/lession02/.git/
# echo "lession02 learn git" >> a.txt
# git add a.txt
# git commit -m "first commit"
[master (root-commit) 6982243] first commit
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
create mode 100644 a.txt
# git log
commit 6982243766ed3c6e11a104d203df566a9fe33820
Author: jim19Green <[email protected]>
Date: Tue Aug 4 09:26:34 2020 +0800
first commit
（6）在local级别设置user.name和user.email
# git config --local user.name jim
# git config --local user.email [email protected]
# git config --local --list
core.repositoryformatversion=0
core.filemode=true
core.bare=false
core.logallrefupdates=true
user.name=jim
user.email=[email protected]
# git config --list
user.name=jim19Green
user.email=[email protected]
core.repositoryformatversion=0
core.filemode=true
core.bare=false
core.logallrefupdates=true
user.name=jim
user.email=[email protected]
（7）修改a.txt文件，git add,git commit，查看git log
# echo "111111" >> a.txt
# git status
# On branch master
# Changes not staged for commit:
# (use "git add ..." to update what will be committed)
# (use "git checkout -- ..." to discard changes in working directory)
#
# modified: a.txt
no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
# git add a.txt
# git commit -m "second commit"
[master 79d8d1e] second commit
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
# git log
commit 79d8d1ea90d4545cedde122e2e55b64760d1fef7
Author: jim <[email protected]>
Date: Tue Aug 4 09:32:22 2020 +0800
second commit
commit 6982243766ed3c6e11a104d203df566a9fe33820
Author: jim19Green <[email protected]>
Date: Tue Aug 4 09:26:34 2020 +0800
first commit
（8）删除local级别的user.name和user.email配置
# git config --local --unset user.name
# cat .git/config
[core]
repositoryformatversion = 0
filemode = true
bare = false
logallrefupdates = true
[user]
email = [email protected]
（9）删除local级别的user相关的配置
# git config --local --remove-section user
# cat .git/config
[core]
repositoryformatversion = 0
filemode = true
bare = false
logallrefupdates = true
（10）启用有帮助的彩色命令行输出
# git config --global color.ui auto
总结：
- git config的配置分为3个级别，local、global、system，分别对应3个配置文件
- 属性名称完全一致时，local级别的属性会覆盖global级别的属性，global级别的属性会覆盖system级别的属性
| 序号 | 命令 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | git config --help | 查看git config的帮助文档 |
| 2 | git config --local --list | 查看local级别的配置 |
| 3 | git config --global --list | 查看global级别的配置 |
| 4 | git config --system --list | 查看system级别的配置 |
| 5 | git config --list | 查看所有配置 |
| 6 | git config --local user.name | 在local级别下配置user.name |
| 7 | git config --local --unset user.name | 删除local级别下的user.name配置 |