ftps是一种多传输协议，相当于加密版的FTP。当你在FTP服务器上收发文件的时候，你面临两个风险。第一个风险是在上载文件的时候为文件加密。第二个风险是，这些文件在你等待接收方下载的时候将停留在FTP服务器上，这时你如何保证这些文件的安全。你的第二个选择(创建一个支持SSL的FTP服务器)能够让你的主机使用一个FTPS连接上载这些文件。这包括使用一个在FTP协议下面的SSL层加密控制和数据通道。一种替代FTPS的协议是安全文件传输协议(SFTP)。这个协议使用SSH文件传输协议加密从客户机到服务器的FTP连接。
FTPS是在安全套接层使用标准的FTP协议和指令的一种增强型TFP协议，为FTP协议和数据通道增加了SSL安全功能。FTPS也称作“FTP-SSL”和“FTP-over-SSL”。SSL是一个在客户机和具有SSL功能的服务器之间的安全连接中对数据进行加密和解密的协议。
和sftp连接方法类似，在windows中可以使用FileZilla等传输软件来连接FTPS进行上传，下载文件，建立，删除目录等操作,在FileZilla连接时，有显式和隐式TLS/SSL连接之分，连接时也有指纹提示。
安全：ftps ftp+ssl
准备工作：
准备一:关闭防火墙；
准备二：挂载光盘；
准备三：构建本地yum服务器。
FTP+SSL配置详细过程:
①.安装配置FTP服务器和抓包工具：（ftp：192.168.101.210）
[root@ftp ~]# yum list all |grep vsftpd
[root@ftp ~]# yum install -y vsftpd
[root@ftp ~]# yum list all |grep wireshark
[root@ftp ~]# yum install -y wireshark
[root@ftp ~]# useradd user1
[root@ftp ~]# echo "123" |passwd --stdin user1
[root@ftp ~]# service vsftpd start
Starting vsftpd for vsftpd: [ OK ]
[root@ftp ~]# tshark -ni eth0 -R "tcp.dstport eq 21"
②.配置本地CA证书服务器：
[root@ftp ~]# cd /etc/pki/
[root@ftp pki]# ll
[root@ftp pki]# vim tls/openssl.cnf
45 dir = /etc/pki/CA
88 countryName = optional
89 stateOrProvinceName = optional
90 organizationName = optional
[root@ftp pki]# cd CA/
[root@ftp CA]# mkdir certs newcerts crl
[root@ftp CA]# touch index.txt serial
[root@ftp CA]# echo "01" >serial
[root@ftp CA]# ll
[root@ftp CA]# openssl genrsa 1024 > private/cakey.pem
Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus
...........++++++
....++++++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
[root@ftp CA]# chmod 600 private/cakey.pem
[root@ftp CA]# ll private/cakey.pem
-rw------- 1 root root 887 Feb 10 23:22 private/cakey.pem
[root@ftp CA]# openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 3650
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [GB]:cn
State or Province Name (full name) [Berkshire]:henan
Locality Name (eg, city) [Newbury]:zhengzhou
Organization Name (eg, company) [My Company Ltd]:junjie
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:soft
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:ca.junjie.com
Email Address []:[email protected]
[root@ftp CA]#ll
③.为ftp服务器创建证书：
[root@ftp CA]# mkdir /etc/vsftpd/certs
[root@ftp CA]# cd /etc/vsftpd/certs
[root@ftp certs]# openssl genrsa 1024 >vsftpd.key
Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus
....++++++
...++++++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
[root@ftp certs]# openssl req -new -key vsftpd.key -out vsftpd.csr
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [GB]:cn
State or Province Name (full name) [Berkshire]:henan
Locality Name (eg, city) [Newbury]:zhengzhou
Organization Name (eg, company) [My Company Ltd]:junjie
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:ftp
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:ftp.junjie.com
Email Address []:[email protected]
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:
[root@ftp certs]# openssl ca -in vsftpd.csr -out vsftpd.crt
Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
Certificate Details:
Serial Number: 1 (0x1)
Validity
Not Before: Feb 10 15:48:55 2012 GMT
Not After : Feb 9 15:48:55 2013 GMT
Subject:
countryName = cn
stateOrProvinceName = henan
organizationName = junjie
organizationalUnitName = ftp
commonName = ftp.junjie.com
emailAddress = [email protected]
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Basic Constraints:
CA:FALSE
Netscape Comment:
OpenSSL Generated Certificate
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
33:C5:01:33:A5:CF:42:9F:24:A9:0D:E9:41:8E:26:C3:1B:7B:18:11
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
keyid:50:D1:A8:0A:1F:B7:CD:49:94:69:E3:70:E9:AE:93:73:2C:94:66:AC
Certificate is to be certified until Feb 9 15:48:55 2013 GMT (365 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y
1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated
[root@ftp certs]# ll
[root@ftp certs]# chmod 600 *
[root@ftp certs]# ll
④.使ftp服务应用证书：
[root@ftp certs]# cd /etc/vsftpd/
[root@ftp vsftpd]# vim vsftpd.conf #增加以下内容
118 rsa_cert_file=/etc/vsftpd/certs/vsftpd.crt
119 rsa_private_key_file=/etc/vsftpd/certs/vsftpd.key
120 force_local_data_ssl=YES
121 force_local_logins_ssl=YES
122 ssl_enable=YES
123 ssl_sslv2=YES
124 ssl_sslv3=YES
125 ssl_tlsv1=YES
[root@ftp vsftpd]# service vsftpd restart
Shutting down vsftpd: [ OK ]
Starting vsftpd for vsftpd: [ OK ]
⑤客户端测试（已加密传输）：
从上面看出证书名称出现问题，但可是可以使用！选择接收一次！
该次登录抓包内容如下所示：传输已经经过加密！
[root@ftp ~]# tshark -ni eth0 -R "tcp.dstport eq 21"
[root@ftp ~]# tshark -ni eth0 -R "tcp.dstport eq 21"
Running as user "root" and group "root". This could be dangerous.
Capturing on eth0
9.742109 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [SYN] Seq=0 Win=8192 Len=0 MSS=1460 WS=2
9.742144 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=65700 Len=0
9.747458 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: AUTH SSL
9.755605 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \200\310\001\003\001\000\237\000\000\000 \000\300\024\000\300
9.758795 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \026\003\001\000\206\020\000\000\202\000\200n\257\315\204\324o
9.778662 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\215\325t\357\277\001\376FZ\243D\373\003\367\231\207Q\324\003Q}/\335\025\027\003\001\000 \f\355b\270\355\325\020[\372\302s{^\375\307\364C\307\243\251v9\370\364\260\277\253\317\321gB]
9.779885 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\324\000\267\312\0320\213\266y\311\025[\371\275?\254Y\257\024[\245vjM\027\003\001\000(\236\321\221Z\321Z(\316'\343.\235?\321=8\264b\270(j\336\231\\210\265\207K\223A\037"\277\251\252t\252a`\374
9.782153 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\257d\313mXZT\356\2366\334q\223\017gt\371\232\207\226\325
9.793165 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\0301\020S\237\372\210\004N4\370\366\377\2213m\356\233w:\275)>@%\027\003\001\000 Y\032\275BM=3J\313\240\241\372Z\371@\335\262\252\240\235\021\345\271\305\223\211\020\340\332\323Q\251
9.795630 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\302\016=LR\272\030{\034\277V\256]\230\247\363\355M\241\327U\207k\032\027\003\001\000 OYi\216=S\322\212)\271V\016\2519w\332f\213\222S\244\275M\316\025N\302:k\312b\331
9.796727 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1260 Win=64440 Len=0
9.797542 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1334 Win=64364 Len=0
9.798327 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1408 Win=64292 Len=0
9.798775 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1482 Win=65700 Len=0
9.799387 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1564 Win=65616 Len=0
9.799910 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1638 Win=65544 Len=0
9.805078 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030G}\305\210\021s\244q\023k=\345R\232A\366B\360\202\320\361(x\344\027\003\001\000 \351W\350\377\362\2756\334\303\035+1l|{\304\277\224\326n\036d\213\217\b\216\023N\225\003a\274
9.810763 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\203\354F\302\253\205\212\355\334$\321=\303h\276\302\350\320.\346\223\337BG\027\003\001\000 73\027\372#\232
9.813350 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\203x`k\337RM\341w\022N\255|f\260U ?\354)A\301^\251\027\003\001\000 \031`\366\364He\030\266z)\373\265\237\261\\3430\220\331\340Kv[\033\347\tXj\344\314\236\242
9.814073 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\307\2126sY\a\237\034\321\277!j\320\213\235\032\277e\345\361E>|)\027\003\001\000 \256\304}:-\365\034\aD~\fk`]\\314\b\207\365-\217\305\244
9.838659 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\300\272t&\t(\262\243\361\210\263\343\326\261\017$\317V\002\354\325\271\250\366\027\003\001\000 \350F\305\360\363\365\033\274W\207M\006\216\255\016\365\205z\033\002\032B\345,\3712\034\377\327[\272P
9.851675 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=1071 Ack=2041 Win=65140 Len=0
9.856073 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\f\357\000E/\372\333\247\016\344\315\345\346\271L\327\214CE0*i\316\332\027\003\001\000(8\220\341\316.*\234dM\235
10.061779 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=1145 Ack=2094 Win=65088 Len=0
39.978110 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030=\032\322\022\216B\025O\016\034
39.980672 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [FIN, ACK] Seq=1211 Ack=2139 Win=65040 Len=0
39.980725 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [RST, ACK] Seq=1212 Ack=2149 Win=0 Len=0
27 packets captured