一、fdisk命令语法
- fdisk [-l] [设备名称]
命令描述
- fdisk用来对小于2T的磁盘进行分区，如果大于2T需用parted工具
命令选项
- -l 后面不加设备名称，会列出系统中所有的磁盘设备以及分区表；加上设备名称，会列出设备的分区表。
二、fdisk实操
使用
[root@localhost]~# fdisk -l |grep dev
Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 64 1306 9972736 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
Disk /dev/sdc: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
Disk /dev/sdd: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
Disk /dev/sde: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap: 1044 MB, 1044381696 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root: 9164 MB, 9164554240 bytes
[root@localhost]~#
这里我将使用/dev/sdb 这块1G大小的磁盘进行分区，分为/dev/sdb1
[root@localhost]~# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x06194404.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): n
输入n 创建新分区
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4) #这里可以选择是作为扩展分区还是主分区。这里作为主分区，则选择p
p
Partition number (1-4): 1 #做第一块主分区
First cylinder (1-130, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-130, default 130): +500M #分区大小为K，M，G。制作分区的大小，这里选择第一块分区大小为500M
Command (m for help): p #输入p可以查看刚才分区的情况
Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x06194404
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 65 522081 83 Linux
Command (m for help):
最好输入w 保存我们刚才从sdb分区出来的sdb1
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost]~#
使用命令：fdisk -l |grep dev 可以查看分区成功
[root@localhost]~# fdisk -l |grep dev
Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 64 1306 9972736 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
/dev/sdb1 1 65 522081 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdc: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
Disk /dev/sdd: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
Disk /dev/sde: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap: 1044 MB, 1044381696 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root: 9164 MB, 9164554240 bytes
[root@localhost]~#
或者使用lsblk命令也可以查看。sdb磁盘下已经分一个区出来，名为sdb1
[root@localhost]/#
[root@localhost]/# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0 11:0 1 420.8M 0 rom
sda 8:0 0 10G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 9.5G 0 part
├─VolGroup-lv_swap (dm-0) 253:0 0 996M 0 lvm [SWAP]
└─VolGroup-lv_root (dm-1) 253:1 0 8.5G 0 lvm /
sdb 8:16 0 1G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 509.9M 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 1G 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 1G 0 disk
sde 8:64 0 1G 0 disk
[root@localhost]/#
[root@localhost]/#
至此，我们已经成功从sdb重分出sdb1分区出来。想创建更多分区，同上步骤操作即可。如果想挂载我们刚才的sdb1分区，需要先进行格式化，才能挂载，否则会报错
[root@localhost]/# mount /dev/sdb1 /sdb1
mount: you must specify the filesystem type
[root@localhost]/#
格式化sdb1分区
[root@localhost]/# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
文件系统标签=
操作系统:Linux
块大小=1024 (log=0)
分块大小=1024 (log=0)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
130560 inodes, 522080 blocks
26104 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=67633152
64 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
2040 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (8192 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 22 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@localhost]/#
至此 可以正常挂载sdb1 分区了