在上篇《微信公众号的二次开发(一)》我们介绍了微信订阅号的一些坑,
以及微信公众平台开发的一些基本配置。下面我们继续介绍如何通过用户关注等行为。获取用户的openid.
在交互行为之前,首先我们可以从后台自己生成菜单。下面直接贴代码:
import lombok.Data;
/**
* @ClassName Button
* @Description TODO
* @Author Administrator
* @Date 2019/6/11 10:59
* @Version 1.0
* @description: 菜单项的基类
**/
@Data
public class Button {
private String name;//所有一级菜单、二级菜单都共有一个相同的属性,那就是name
}
import lombok.Data;
/**
* @ClassName CommonButton
* @Description TODO
* @Author Administrator
* @Date 2019/6/11 13:33
* @Version 1.0
* @description: 子菜单项 :没有子菜单的菜单项,有可能是二级菜单项,也有可能是不含二级菜单的一级菜单。
**/
@Data
public class CommonButton extends Button{
private String type;
private String key;
private String url;
}
/**
* @ClassName ComplexButton
* @Description TODO
* @Author Administrator
* @Date 2019/6/11 13:34
* @Version 1.0
* @description: 父菜单项 :包含有二级菜单项的一级菜单。这类菜单项包含有二个属性:name和sub_button,而sub_button以是一个子菜单项数组
**/
@Data
public class ComplexButton extends Button {
private Button[] sub_button;
}
/**
* @ClassName Menu
* @Description TODO
* @Author Administrator
* @Date 2019/6/11 13:35
* @Version 1.0
* @description: 整个菜单对象的封装
**/
@Data
public class Menu {
private Button[] button;
}
下面是创建菜单的main方法
import com.hbrc.hbrcpublicserver.utils.WeiXinUtils;
import com.hbrc.hbrcpublicserver.web.model.wx.AccessToken;
/**
* @ClassName MenuManager
* @Description TODO
* @Author Administrator
* @Date 2019/6/11 13:49
* @Version 1.0*
* @Description:菜单管理器类
*
**/
public class MenuManager {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 调用接口获取access_token
AccessToken at = WeiXinUtils.getAccessToken();
if (null != at) {
// 调用接口创建菜单
int result = WeiXinUtils.createMenu(getMenu(), at.getToken());
// 判断菜单创建结果
if (0 == result)
System.out.println("菜单创建成功!");
else
System.out.println("菜单创建失败,错误码:" + result);
}
}
/**
* 组装菜单数据
*
* @return
*/
private static Menu getMenu () {
CommonButton btn11 = new CommonButton();
btn11.setName("名医访谈");
btn11.setType("click");
btn11.setKey("11");
CommonButton btn12 = new CommonButton();
btn12.setName("名医讲堂");
btn12.setType("click");
btn12.setKey("12");
CommonButton btn21 = new CommonButton();
btn21.setName("名医答疑");
btn21.setType("click");
btn21.setKey("21");
CommonButton btn22 = new CommonButton();
btn22.setName("疾病百科");
btn22.setType("view");
btn22.setUrl("http://www.mdline.cn/disease-knowledge");
CommonButton btn31 = new CommonButton();
btn31.setName("随访预告");
btn31.setType("click");
btn31.setKey("31");
CommonButton btn32 = new CommonButton();
btn32.setName("健康档案");
btn32.setType("click");
btn32.setKey("32");
/**
* 微信: mainBtn1,mainBtn2,mainBtn3底部的三个一级菜单。
*/
ComplexButton mainBtn1 = new ComplexButton();
mainBtn1.setName("名医风采");
//一级下有2个子菜单
mainBtn1.setSub_button(new CommonButton[]{btn11, btn12});
ComplexButton mainBtn2 = new ComplexButton();
mainBtn2.setName("疾病科普");
mainBtn2.setSub_button(new CommonButton[]{btn21, btn22});
ComplexButton mainBtn3 = new ComplexButton();
mainBtn3.setName("个人中心");
mainBtn3.setSub_button(new CommonButton[]{btn31, btn32});
/**
* 封装整个菜单
*/
Menu menu = new Menu();
menu.setButton(new Button[]{mainBtn1, mainBtn2, mainBtn3});
return menu;
}
}
上面主要用到的WeiXinUtils类也贴在下面:
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.hbrc.hbrcpublicserver.entity.wxmenu.Menu;
import com.hbrc.hbrcpublicserver.web.model.wx.AccessToken;
import com.hbrc.hbrcpublicserver.web.model.wx.ProjectConst;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.ConnectException;
import java.net.URL;
/**
* @ClassName WeiXinUtils
* @Description TODO
* @Author Administrator
* @Date 2019/6/10 15:23
* @Version 1.0
**/
public class WeiXinUtils{
/**
* Get请求,方便到一个url接口来获取结果
* @param url
* @return
*/
public static JSONObject doGetStr(String url){
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
JSONObject jsonObject = null;
try{
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
if(entity != null){
String result = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(result);
}
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return jsonObject;
}
/**
* 获取access_token
* @return
*/
public static AccessToken getAccessToken(){
AccessToken accessToken = new AccessToken();
String url = ACCESS_TOKEN_URL.replace("APPID" ,APPID).replace("APPSECRET",APPSECRET);
JSONObject jsonObject = doGetStr(url);
if(jsonObject !=null){
accessToken.setToken(jsonObject.getString("access_token"));
accessToken.setExpireIn(jsonObject.getInteger("expires_in"));
}
return accessToken;
}
/**
* 创建菜单
*
* @param menu 菜单实例
* @param accessToken 有效的access_token
* @return 0表示成功,其他值表示失败
*/
public static int createMenu(Menu menu, String accessToken) {
int result = 0;
// 拼装创建菜单的url
String url = menu_create_url.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN", accessToken);
// 将菜单对象转换成json字符串
String jsonMenu = JSONObject.toJSONString(menu);
// 调用接口创建菜单
JSONObject jsonObject = httpRequest(url, "POST", jsonMenu);
if (null != jsonObject) {
if (0 != jsonObject.getInteger("errcode")) {
result = jsonObject.getInteger("errcode");
System.out.println("创建菜单失败 errcode:{} errmsg:{}"+jsonObject.getInteger("errcode")+jsonObject.getString("errmsg"));
}
}
return result;
}
/**
* 描述: 发起https请求并获取结果
* @param requestUrl 请求地址
* @param requestMethod 请求方式(GET、POST)
* @param outputStr 提交的数据
* @return JSONObject(通过JSONObject.get(key)的方式获取json对象的属性值)
*/
public static JSONObject httpRequest(String requestUrl, String requestMethod, String outputStr) {
JSONObject jsonObject = null;
StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
try {
// 创建SSLContext对象,并使用我们指定的信任管理器初始化
TrustManager[] tm = { new MyX509TrustManager() };
SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL", "SunJSSE");
sslContext.init(null, tm, new java.security.SecureRandom());
// 从上述SSLContext对象中得到SSLSocketFactory对象
SSLSocketFactory ssf = sslContext.getSocketFactory();
URL url = new URL(requestUrl);
HttpsURLConnection httpUrlConn = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();
httpUrlConn.setSSLSocketFactory(ssf);
httpUrlConn.setDoOutput(true);
httpUrlConn.setDoInput(true);
httpUrlConn.setUseCaches(false);
// 设置请求方式(GET/POST)
httpUrlConn.setRequestMethod(requestMethod);
if ("GET".equalsIgnoreCase(requestMethod))
httpUrlConn.connect();
// 当有数据需要提交时
if (null != outputStr) {
OutputStream outputStream = httpUrlConn.getOutputStream();
// 注意编码格式,防止中文乱码
outputStream.write(outputStr.getBytes("UTF-8"));
outputStream.close();
}
// 将返回的输入流转换成字符串
InputStream inputStream = httpUrlConn.getInputStream();
InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "utf-8");
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
String str = null;
while ((str = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
buffer.append(str);
}
bufferedReader.close();
inputStreamReader.close();
// 释放资源
inputStream.close();
inputStream = null;
httpUrlConn.disconnect();
jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(buffer.toString());
} catch (ConnectException ce) {
} catch (Exception e) {
}
return jsonObject;
}
}
因为需要请求https这里需要在添加一个信任管理器。
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
/**
* @ClassName MyX509TrustManager
* @Description TODO
* @Author Administrator
* @Date 2019/6/11 13:38
* @Version 1.0
* @description: 证书信任管理器(用于https请求)
**/
public class MyX509TrustManager implements X509TrustManager {
@Override
public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] x509Certificates, String s) throws CertificateException {
}
@Override
public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] x509Certificates, String s) throws CertificateException {
}
@Override
public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
return null;
}
}
上面WeiXinUtils继承的ProjectConst类:
import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
/**
* @ClassName ProjectConst
* @Description TODO
* @Author Administrator
* @Date 2019/6/10 14:37
* @Version 1.0
**/
@Data
public class ProjectConst {
/**
* 用于获取当前与微信公众号交互的用户信息的接口(一般是用第一个接口地址)
*/
public static final String GET_WEIXIN_USER_URL = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/user/info?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&openid=OPENID";
public final static String GetPageUsersUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/userinfo?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&openid=OPENID&lang=zh_CN";
/**
* 用于进行网页授权验证的接口URL,通过这个才可以得到opendID等字段信息
*/
public final static String GET_WEBAUTH_URL = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token?appid=APPID&secret=SECRET&code=CODE&grant_type=authorization_code";
/**
* 用于进行当点击按钮的时候,能够在网页授权之后获取到code,再跳转到自己设定的一个URL路径上的接口,这个主要是为了获取之后于
* 获取openId的接口相结合
* 注意:参数:toselfURL 表示的是当授权成功后,跳转到的自己设定的页面,所以这个要根据自己的需要进行修改
*/
public final static String Get_WEIXINPAGE_Code = "https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2/authorize?appid=APPID&redirect_uri=toselfURL&response_type=code&scope=snsapi_userinfo&state=1#wechat_redirect";
/**
* 获取access_token的URL
*/
public static final String ACCESS_TOKEN_URL = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=APPID&secret=APPSECRET";
public static final String APPID= "xxxxxxxxxxx";
public static final String APPSECRET="xxxxxxxxxxxxx";
// 获取access_token的接口地址(GET) 限200(次/天)
public final static String access_token_url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=APPID&secret=APPSECRET";
// 菜单创建(POST) 限100(次/天)
public static String menu_create_url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/menu/create?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN";
}
运行MenuManager类中的main方法即可创建成功。有一点需要注意,在获取access_token时需要在微信公众号管理平台配置IP白名单.