iOS 7新出了一个非常好玩的特性,就是View Controllers之间的切换动画,开发者也可以在程序中自行定制切换动画,例如翻转视图、缩放视图、旋转视图等等。另一方面,对于iPhone的使用来说,通过pan手势pop回到之前的视图,使用起来无疑是非常方便的。最开始使用这个特性时感觉非常惊喜。
本文就来说说如何定制我们自己的动画切换方案。
首先定义一个实现UINavigationControllerDelegate协议的类NavigationPerfomer。
故事板非常简单,就是一个UINavigationController和两个View Controller。但是要在UINavigationController中加入一个Object(这个貌似是Xcode 5的新特性吧,以前比较少用故事板,所以不是很确定),该对象的类为NavigaitonPerfomer类:
随后要为NavigationPerformer添加一个outlet:当前的UINavigatinController。并将UINavigationController的委托设为NavigationPerformer类。
故事板中其他的View Controller一切照旧,这里做得非常好,在提供了新的动画接口之后,在UINavigationController类中实现这些接口并不会影响到其他的View Controller的内容。
接着定义两个动画类:PushAnimation和PopAnimation,分别对应Push和Pop动画。
代码如下:
PushAnimtaion类:
#import
@interface PushAnimation : NSObject
@end
#pragma mark - UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning Delegate
/* 动画持续的时间 */
- (NSTimeInterval)transitionDuration:(id)transitionContext {
return 1;
}
/* 动画的内容 */
- (void)animateTransition:(id)transitionContext {
UIViewController *desController = [transitionContext viewControllerForKey:UITransitionContextToViewControllerKey];
UIViewController *srcController = [transitionContext viewControllerForKey:UITransitionContextFromViewControllerKey];
[[transitionContext containerView] addSubview:desController.view];
desController.view.alpha = 0.0;
[UIView animateWithDuration:[self transitionDuration:transitionContext]
animations:^{
srcController.view.transform = CGAffineTransformMakeTranslation(-srcController.view.bounds.size.width, 0.0);
desController.view.alpha = 1.0;
}
completion:^(BOOL finished) {
srcController.view.transform = CGAffineTransformIdentity;
[transitionContext completeTransition:![transitionContext transitionWasCancelled]];
}];
}
协议中的两个必选方法:
// This is used for percent driven interactive transitions, as well as for container controllers that have companion animations that might need to
// synchronize with the main animation.
- (NSTimeInterval)transitionDuration:(id )transitionContext;
// This method can only be a nop if the transition is interactive and not a percentDriven interactive transition.
- (void)animateTransition:(id )transitionContext;
第二个方法定制动画的内容。通过transitionContext这个上下文环境可以获取源视图控制器,目标视图控制器:
UIViewController *desController = [transitionContext viewControllerForKey:UITransitionContextToViewControllerKey];
UIViewController *srcController = [transitionContext viewControllerForKey:UITransitionContextFromViewControllerKey];
在进行动画前,先要将desController的视图添加到当前容器视图中。
+ (void)animateWithDuration:(NSTimeInterval)duration animations:(void (^)(void))animations completion:(void (^)(BOOL finished))completion NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(4_0); // delay = 0.0, options = 0
这里Push Animation的动画方案是将srcViewController自左向右划出窗口。
另外一个是PopAnimation类:
@interface PopAnimation : NSObject
@end
#pragma mark - UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning Delegate
- (NSTimeInterval)transitionDuration:(id)transitionContext {
return 1;
}
- (void)animateTransition:(id)transitionContext {
UIViewController *desController = [transitionContext viewControllerForKey:UITransitionContextToViewControllerKey];
UIViewController *srcController = [transitionContext viewControllerForKey:UITransitionContextFromViewControllerKey];
[[transitionContext containerView] addSubview:desController.view];
desController.view.alpha = 0.0;
[UIView animateWithDuration:[self transitionDuration:transitionContext]
animations:^{
srcController.view.transform = CGAffineTransformMakeScale(-1.0, 1.0);
desController.view.alpha = 1.0;
}
completion:^(BOOL finished) {
srcController.view.transform = CGAffineTransformIdentity;
[transitionContext completeTransition:![transitionContext transitionWasCancelled]];
}];
}
@end
接着是关键的NavigationPerformer类:
#import
@class PushAnimation;
@class PopAnimation;
@interface NavigationPerfomer : NSObject
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UINavigationController *navigationController;
@property (strong, nonatomic) PushAnimation *pushAnimation;
@property (strong, nonatomic) PopAnimation *popAnimation;
@property (strong, nonatomic) UIPercentDrivenInteractiveTransition *interactionController;
@end
首先看看UINavigationControllerDelegate的方法:
#pragma mark - UINavigationController Delegate
- (id)navigationController:(UINavigationController *)navigationController
animationControllerForOperation:(UINavigationControllerOperation)operation
fromViewController:(UIViewController *)fromVC
toViewController:(UIViewController *)toVC
{
if (operation == UINavigationControllerOperationPush) {
return self.pushAnimation;
}
else if (operation == UINavigationControllerOperationPop) {
return self.popAnimation;
}
return nil;
}
- (id)navigationController:(UINavigationController *)navigationController interactionControllerForAnimationController:(id)animationController {
return self.interactionController;
}
第二个方法指定提供交互性的控制器对象,如果返回nil,那么视图将无法响应用户的手势,如滑动等。
下面为导航控制器的视图添加一个Pan手势:
- (void)awakeFromNib {
// 在导航控制器的视图上添加pan手势
UIPanGestureRecognizer *panGesture = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(pan:)];
[self.navigationController.view addGestureRecognizer:panGesture];
// 初始化动画方案
self.pushAnimation = [[PushAnimation alloc] init];
self.popAnimation = [[PopAnimation alloc] init];
}
- (void)pan:(UIPanGestureRecognizer *)pan {
UIView *view = self.navigationController.view;
if (pan.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateBegan) { // 只有从左向右滑动的手势才作出响应:pop
CGPoint location = [pan locationInView:view];
if (location.x < CGRectGetMidX(view.bounds) && self.navigationController.viewControllers.count > 1) {
self.interactionController = [[UIPercentDrivenInteractiveTransition alloc] init];
[self.navigationController popViewControllerAnimated:YES];
}
}
else if (pan.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateChanged) { // 以当前的位移作为进度执行动画
CGPoint translation = [pan translationInView:view];
CGFloat progress = fabs(translation.x / CGRectGetWidth(view.bounds));
[self.interactionController updateInteractiveTransition:progress];
}
else if (pan.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded) {
if ([pan velocityInView:view].x > 0) {
[self.interactionController finishInteractiveTransition];
}
else { // 如果手势的终点相对于起点在x正向上的位移小于0,即为取消手势
[self.interactionController cancelInteractiveTransition];
}
self.interactionController = nil; // 最后必须将interactionController清空,确保不会影响到后面的动画执行
}
}
在切换动画完毕后,一定要将interactionController设为nil,因为某些动画是不需要手势交互的,这样会带来奇怪的行为。
最后是一些运行结果:
Push时的效果:
使用Pan手势Pop时的效果:
通过这个新的Transition接口我们可以实现一些比较好玩的动画,Demo已经上传,有兴趣的可以下载看看。
这部分还是挺好玩的,Just enjoy.
参考资料:
iOS 7 新特性:视图控制器切换API
objc.io #5 View Controller Transitions
objcio / issue5-view-controller-transitions