Python爬虫之UserAgent
问题: 在Python爬虫的过程中经常要模拟UserAgent, 因此自动生成UserAgent十分有用, 最近看到一个Python库(fake-useragent),可以随机生成各种UserAgent, 在这里记录一下, 留给自己爬虫使用。
安装 pip install fake-useragent
使用案例
基本使用
from fake_useragent import UserAgent
ua = UserAgent()
ua.ie
# Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 9.0; en-US);
ua.msie
# Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3; Trident/6.0)'
ua['Internet Explorer']
# Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/4.0; GTB7.4; InfoPath.2; SV1; .NET CLR 3.3.69573; WOW64; en-US)
ua.opera
# Opera/9.80 (X11; Linux i686; U; ru) Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11
ua.chrome
# Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.2 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1216.0 Safari/537.2'
ua.google
# Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_4) AppleWebKit/537.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/24.0.1290.1 Safari/537.13
ua['google chrome']
# Mozilla/5.0 (X11; CrOS i686 2268.111.0) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.57 Safari/536.11
ua.firefox
# Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; Win64; x64; rv:16.0.1) Gecko/20121011 Firefox/16.0.1
ua.ff
# Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux i686; rv:15.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/15.0.1
ua.safari
# Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; CPU OS 6_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/536.26 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/6.0 Mobile/10A5355d Safari/8536.25
# and the best one, random via real world browser usage statistic
ua.random注意:
- fake-useragent 将收集到的数据缓存到temp文件夹, 例如 /tmp, 更新数据:
from fake_useragent import UserAgent
ua = UserAgent()
ua.update()- 有时候会因为网络或者其他问题,出现异常(
fake_useragent.errors.FakeUserAgentError: Maximum amount of retries reached), 可以禁用服务器缓存(从这里踩了一个坑, 没仔细看文档的锅):
from fake_useragent import UserAgent
ua = UserAgent(use_cache_server=False)- 可以自己添加本地数据文件(v0.1.4+)
import fake_useragent
# I am STRONGLY!!! recommend to use version suffix
location = '/home/user/fake_useragent%s.json' % fake_useragent.VERSION
ua = fake_useragent.UserAgent(path=location)
ua.random其他功能用到的也不是很多，详细见文档吧。