Hello Espresso —— 安卓Espresso使用

Espresso测试框架可减少重复性的UI操作测试，有时间还是要试下。
以前调试过Espresso，但没有记录下来，现在又得重新百度。

本文参考 Android 自动化测试 Espresso篇：简介&基础使用，但参考过程中还是遇到了点坑，因此做下记录。

本人开发环境：
Android Studio 3.1.2
compileSdkVersion 27

界面代码见本人的另一篇文章
Hello ButterKnife —— 第一次使用安卓ButterKnife

新建项目后，会自动添加如下依赖

androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test:runner:1.0.2'
androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.0.2'

由于用到

android.support.test.rule

因此添加依赖

androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test:rules:1.0.2'

包括UI界面用到黄油刀，dependencies如下

dependencies {
    implementation fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
    implementation 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:27.1.1'
    implementation 'com.android.support.constraint:constraint-layout:1.1.3'
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12'
    androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test:runner:1.0.2'
    androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.0.2'

    androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test:rules:1.0.2'

    implementation 'com.jakewharton:butterknife:8.8.1'
    annotationProcessor 'com.jakewharton:butterknife-compiler:8.8.1'
}

在androidTest文件夹下添加测试类 MainActivityTest，测试代码如下

package com.jsf.helloespresso;


import android.support.test.rule.ActivityTestRule;
import android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;

import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;

import static android.support.test.espresso.Espresso.onView;
import static android.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.clearText;
import static android.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.click;
import static android.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.closeSoftKeyboard;
import static android.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.replaceText;
import static android.support.test.espresso.assertion.ViewAssertions.matches;
import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.isDisplayed;
import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withHint;
import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withId;
import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withText;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.containsString;
import static org.hamcrest.core.IsNot.not;

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
public class MainActivityTest {

    @Rule
    public ActivityTestRule rule = new ActivityTestRule<>(MainActivity.class);
//
    @Test
    public void clickTest() {
        //tvContent是否默认不显示
        onView(withId(R.id.tv_content))
                .check(matches(not(isDisplayed())));    //是否不可见

        //检查btn_alter的text，然后执行点击事件
        onView(withId(R.id.btn_alter))
                .check(matches(withText("修改内容")))
                .perform(click());

        //检查tv内容是否修改，并且是否可见
        onView(withId(R.id.tv_content))
                .check(matches(withText("hello espresso!")))
                .check(matches(isDisplayed()));
    }

    @Test
    public void loginTest() throws Exception {
        //先清除editText的内容，然后输入，然后关闭软键盘，最后校验内容
        //这里如果要输入中文，使用replaceText()方法代替typeText()
        onView(withId(R.id.et_01))
                .perform(clearText(), replaceText("你好 username"), closeSoftKeyboard())
                .check(matches(withText("你好 username")));

        //点击登录
        onView(withId(R.id.btn_login))
                .perform(click());

        //校验内容
        onView(withId(R.id.tv_content))
                .check(matches(withText("success")))
                .check(matches(isDisplayed()));

        onView(withId(R.id.et_01))
                .check(matches(withText("")))           //内容是否为""
                .check(matches(withHint("请输入账户名")))         //hint内容是否为"请输入账户名"
                .check(matches(withHint(containsString("账户名"))));       //hint内容是否包含"账户名"

        Thread.sleep(3000);
    }
}

注意是在 androidTest 文件夹下，而不是在 test 文件夹下，否则引入 ActivityTestRule 会报错。