SparkStreaming 状态管理函数比较
一、updateStateByKey
官网原话：
In every batch, Spark will apply the state update function for all existing keys, regardless of whether they have new data in a batch or not. If the update function returns None then the key-value pair will be eliminated.
也即是说它会统计全局的key的状态，就算没有数据输入，它也会在每一个批次的时候返回之前的key的状态。
缺点：若数据量太大的话，需要checkpoint的数据会占用较大的存储，效率低下。
程序示例如下：
object StatefulWordCountApp {
def main(args: Array[String]) {
StreamingExamples.setStreamingLogLevels()
val sparkConf = new SparkConf()
.setAppName("StatefulWordCountApp")
.setMaster("local[2]")
val ssc = new StreamingContext(sparkConf, Seconds(10))
//注意：要使用updateStateByKey必须设置checkpoint目录
ssc.checkpoint("hdfs://bda2:8020/logs/realtime")
val lines = ssc.socketTextStream("bda3",9999)
lines.flatMap(_.split(",")).map((_,1))
.updateStateByKey(updateFunction).print()
ssc.start()
ssc.awaitTermination()
}
/*状态更新函数
* @param currentValues key相同value形成的列表
* @param preValues key对应的value，前一状态
* */
def updateFunction(currentValues: Seq[Int], preValues: Option[Int]): Option[Int] = {
val curr = currentValues.sum //seq列表中所有value求和
val pre = preValues.getOrElse(0) //获取上一状态值
Some(curr + pre)
}
}二、mapWithState
mapWithState：也是用于全局统计key的状态，但是它如果没有数据输入，便不会返回之前的key的状态，有一点增量的感觉。效率更高，生产中建议使用
官方代码如下：
object StatefulNetworkWordCount {
def main(args: Array[String]) {
if (args.length < 2) {
System.err.println("Usage: StatefulNetworkWordCount ")
System.exit(1)
}
StreamingExamples.setStreamingLogLevels()
val sparkConf = new SparkConf().setAppName("StatefulNetworkWordCount")
val ssc = new StreamingContext(sparkConf, Seconds(1))
ssc.checkpoint(".")
val initialRDD = ssc.sparkContext.parallelize(List(("hello", 1),
("world", 1)))
val lines = ssc.socketTextStream(args(0), args(1).toInt)
val words = lines.flatMap(_.split(" "))
val wordDstream = words.map(x => (x, 1))
val mappingFunc = (word: String, one: Option[Int], state: State[Int]) => {
val sum = one.getOrElse(0) + state.getOption.getOrElse(0)
val output = (word, sum)
state.update(sum)
output
}
val stateDstream = wordDstream.mapWithState(
StateSpec.function(mappingFunc).initialState(initialRDD))
stateDstream.print()
ssc.start()
ssc.awaitTermination()
}
} 三、源码分析
upateStateByKey：
map返回的是MappedDStream，而MappedDStream并没有updateStateByKey方法，并且它的父类DStream中也没有该方法。但是DStream的伴生对象中有一个隐式转换函数：
object DStream {
// `toPairDStreamFunctions` was in SparkContext before 1.3 and users had to
// `import StreamingContext._` to enable it. Now we move it here to make the compiler find
// it automatically. However, we still keep the old function in StreamingContext for backward
// compatibility and forward to the following function directly.
implicit def toPairDStreamFunctions[K, V](stream: DStream[(K, V)])
(implicit kt: ClassTag[K], vt: ClassTag[V], ord: Ordering[K] = null):
PairDStreamFunctions[K, V] = {
new PairDStreamFunctions[K, V](stream)
}
跟进去 PairDStreamFunctions ，发现最终调用的是自己的updateStateByKey。
其中updateFunc就要传入的参数，他是一个函数，Seq[V]表示当前key对应的所有值，
Option[S] 是当前key的历史状态，返回的是新的状态。
/**
* Return a new "state" DStream where the state for each key is updated by applying
* the given function on the previous state of the key and the new values of each key.
* Hash partitioning is used to generate the RDDs with Spark's default number of partitions.
* @param updateFunc State update function. If `this` function returns None, then
* corresponding state key-value pair will be eliminated.
* @tparam S State type
*/
def updateStateByKey[S: ClassTag](
updateFunc: (Seq[V], Option[S]) => Option[S]
): DStream[(K, S)] = ssc.withScope {
updateStateByKey(updateFunc, defaultPartitioner())
}
最终调用：
def updateStateByKey[S: ClassTag](
updateFunc: (Iterator[(K, Seq[V], Option[S])]) => Iterator[(K, S)],
partitioner: Partitioner,
rememberPartitioner: Boolean): DStream[(K, S)] = ssc.withScope {
val cleanedFunc = ssc.sc.clean(updateFunc)
val newUpdateFunc = (_: Time, it: Iterator[(K, Seq[V], Option[S])]) => {
cleanedFunc(it)
}
new StateDStream(self, newUpdateFunc, partitioner, rememberPartitioner, None)
}
再跟进去 new StateDStream:
在这里面new出了一个StateDStream对象。在其compute方法中，会先获取上一个batch计算出的RDD（包含了至程序开始到上一个batch单词的累计计数），然后在获取本次batch中StateDStream的父类计算出的RDD（本次batch的单词计数）分别是prevStateRDD和parentRDD，然后在调用 computeUsingPreviousRDD 方法：
private [this] def computeUsingPreviousRDD(
batchTime: Time,
parentRDD: RDD[(K, V)],
prevStateRDD: RDD[(K, S)]) = {
// Define the function for the mapPartition operation on cogrouped RDD;
// first map the cogrouped tuple to tuples of required type,
// and then apply the update function
val updateFuncLocal = updateFunc
val finalFunc = (iterator: Iterator[(K, (Iterable[V], Iterable[S]))]) => {
val i = iterator.map { t =>
val itr = t._2._2.iterator
val headOption = if (itr.hasNext) Some(itr.next()) else None
(t._1, t._2._1.toSeq, headOption)
}
updateFuncLocal(batchTime, i)
}
val cogroupedRDD = parentRDD.cogroup(prevStateRDD, partitioner)
val stateRDD = cogroupedRDD.mapPartitions(finalFunc, preservePartitioning)
Some(stateRDD)
}
在这里两个RDD进行cogroup然后应用updateStateByKey传入的函数。我们知道cogroup的性能是比较低下，参考REF
mapWithState:
@Experimental
def mapWithState[StateType: ClassTag, MappedType: ClassTag](
spec: StateSpec[K, V, StateType, MappedType]
): MapWithStateDStream[K, V, StateType, MappedType] = {
new MapWithStateDStreamImpl[K, V, StateType, MappedType](
self,
spec.asInstanceOf[StateSpecImpl[K, V, StateType, MappedType]]
)
}
说明：StateSpec 封装了状态管理函数，并在该方法中创建了MapWithStateDStreamImpl对象。
MapWithStateDStreamImpl 中创建了一个InternalMapWithStateDStream类型对象internalStream，在MapWithStateDStreamImpl的compute方法中调用了internalStream的getOrCompute方法。
private[streaming] class MapWithStateDStreamImpl[
KeyType: ClassTag, ValueType: ClassTag, StateType: ClassTag, MappedType: ClassTag](
dataStream: DStream[(KeyType, ValueType)],
spec: StateSpecImpl[KeyType, ValueType, StateType, MappedType])
extends MapWithStateDStream[KeyType, ValueType, StateType, MappedType](dataStream.context) {
private val internalStream =
new InternalMapWithStateDStream[KeyType, ValueType, StateType, MappedType](dataStream, spec)
override def slideDuration: Duration = internalStream.slideDuration
override def dependencies: List[DStream[_]] = List(internalStream)
override def compute(validTime: Time): Option[RDD[MappedType]] = {
internalStream.getOrCompute(validTime).map { _.flatMap[MappedType] { _.mappedData } }
}
InternalMapWithStateDStream中没有getOrCompute方法，这里调用的是其父类 DStream 的getOrCpmpute方法，该方法中最终会调用InternalMapWithStateDStream的Compute方法：
/** Method that generates an RDD for the given time */
override def compute(validTime: Time): Option[RDD[MapWithStateRDDRecord[K, S, E]]] = {
// Get the previous state or create a new empty state RDD
val prevStateRDD = getOrCompute(validTime - slideDuration) match {
case Some(rdd) =>
if (rdd.partitioner != Some(partitioner)) {
// If the RDD is not partitioned the right way, let us repartition it using the
// partition index as the key. This is to ensure that state RDD is always partitioned
// before creating another state RDD using it
MapWithStateRDD.createFromRDD[K, V, S, E](
rdd.flatMap { _.stateMap.getAll() }, partitioner, validTime)
} else {
rdd
}
case None =>
MapWithStateRDD.createFromPairRDD[K, V, S, E](
spec.getInitialStateRDD().getOrElse(new EmptyRDD[(K, S)](ssc.sparkContext)),
partitioner,
validTime
)
}
// Compute the new state RDD with previous state RDD and partitioned data RDD
// Even if there is no data RDD, use an empty one to create a new state RDD
val dataRDD = parent.getOrCompute(validTime).getOrElse {
context.sparkContext.emptyRDD[(K, V)]
}
val partitionedDataRDD = dataRDD.partitionBy(partitioner)
val timeoutThresholdTime = spec.getTimeoutInterval().map { interval =>
(validTime - interval).milliseconds
}
Some(new MapWithStateRDD(
prevStateRDD, partitionedDataRDD, mappingFunction, validTime, timeoutThresholdTime))
}
根据给定的时间生成一个MapWithStateRDD，首先获取了先前状态的RDD：preStateRDD和当前时间的RDD:dataRDD，然后对dataRDD基于先前状态RDD的分区器进行重新分区获取partitionedDataRDD。最后将preStateRDD，partitionedDataRDD和用户定义的函数mappingFunction传给新生成的MapWithStateRDD对象返回。
后续若有兴趣可以继续跟进MapWithStateRDD的compute方法，限于篇幅不再展示。