上篇文章,我们详细分析了OKHttp中Request的创建和发送过程。其中sendRequest(), readResponse(), followUpRequest()三个关键方法在底层HttpEngine中实现。革命尚未成功,我们接下来在这篇文章中分析HttpEngine中的这三个方法。由于底层HttpEngine涉及到很多Http协议方面东西,对Http协议不熟悉的同学可以先阅读我的这篇文章 Http协议简介
sendRequest()方法是client向server发送request的主要方法。它先对request的header添加了一些默认字段,如keep-alive。然后对cache进行处理,判断是否可以直接使用cache。如果不行,才真正发送网络request。
public void sendRequest() throws RequestException, RouteException, IOException {
if (cacheStrategy != null) return; // Already sent.
if (transport != null) throw new IllegalStateException();
// 对header的处理,利用app中用户构造的原始request
// 主要是对header进行添加。如添加"Connection: Keep-Alive"首部。后面单独分析
Request request = networkRequest(userRequest);
// 对cache的处理
InternalCache responseCache = Internal.instance.internalCache(client);
// 利用request为key,从cache中取出response
Response cacheCandidate = responseCache != null
? responseCache.get(request)
: null;
// 判断cache是否可用,利用Expires,Last-Modified,Date,Age等header字段,后面详细分析
long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
cacheStrategy = new CacheStrategy.Factory(now, request, cacheCandidate).get();
// cache可用或网络被禁止使用则networkRequest为null
networkRequest = cacheStrategy.networkRequest;
// cache不可用,则cacheResponse为null。对应情况有,不允许使用cache,没有对应cache,cache过期需要重新验证
cacheResponse = cacheStrategy.cacheResponse;
if (responseCache != null) {
responseCache.trackResponse(cacheStrategy);
}
if (cacheCandidate != null && cacheResponse == null) {
// cache已过期,不可用,关闭它
closeQuietly(cacheCandidate.body());
}
if (networkRequest != null) {
// networkRequest不为空,代表cache不可用,且网络可用
// 从这儿可以看出,cache可用时会直接使用cache,不可用才走网络数据。这也是符合Http常规做法的。
if (connection == null) {
// 连接到server,直接连接或通过代理均可
connect();
}
// 构造HttpTransport,与发送request到网络中去有关
transport = Internal.instance.newTransport(connection, this);
// 将start line,headers,body写入到buffer中,以等待发送出去
if (callerWritesRequestBody && permitsRequestBody(networkRequest) && requestBodyOut == null) {
// 从request的header中获取content-length
long contentLength = OkHeaders.contentLength(request);
if (bufferRequestBody) {
// bufferRequestBody表示body在内存中了,这可能是多次发送重试等情况
// content-length太大
if (contentLength > Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Use setFixedLengthStreamingMode() or "
+ "setChunkedStreamingMode() for requests larger than 2 GiB.");
}
if (contentLength != -1) {
// content-length已知,是个准确值
// 可以将start line和header写入HttpConnection中,此处涉及到Http报文结构和发送,后面重点讲解
transport.writeRequestHeaders(networkRequest);
// 构造request body的buffer,长度为content-length
requestBodyOut = new RetryableSink((int) contentLength);
} else {
// content-length还不确定,此时不能设置content-length首部,因为它还不确定。
// 要等到整个body准备好后,才能计算出content-length
requestBodyOut = new RetryableSink();
}
} else {
transport.writeRequestHeaders(networkRequest);
requestBodyOut = transport.createRequestBody(networkRequest, contentLength);
}
}
} else {
// networkRequest为null,要么cache可用,要么网络被禁止使用
if (connection != null) {
// 回收网络connection,并关闭它
Internal.instance.recycle(client.getConnectionPool(), connection);
connection = null;
}
if (cacheResponse != null) {
// cache可用。可用代表有此request的cache response,且没有过期
this.userResponse = cacheResponse.newBuilder()
.request(userRequest)
.priorResponse(stripBody(priorResponse))
.cacheResponse(stripBody(cacheResponse))
.build();
} else {
// 网络被禁止使用,自己构造一个504的response,gateway timeout
this.userResponse = new Response.Builder()
.request(userRequest)
.priorResponse(stripBody(priorResponse))
.protocol(Protocol.HTTP_1_1)
.code(504)
.message("Unsatisfiable Request (only-if-cached)")
.body(EMPTY_BODY)
.build();
}
// 将利用cache或自己生成的504response,进行gzip压缩
// 前面提到过,request的headers中声明了支持gzip压缩,故response中最好加入gzip压缩。
userResponse = unzip(userResponse);
}
}
我们接下来分析sendRequest()中使用到的一些比较重要的方法。networkRequest()方法作用为,在原有的request基础上添加一些header。从这些header中我们可以看出,OKHttp默认是使用Keep-Alive,response body支持gzip压缩,支持Cookie的使用。看到了吧,分析底层代码有助于我们对Http协议的理解和对OKHttp特性的掌握。
private Request networkRequest(Request request) throws IOException {
Request.Builder result = request.newBuilder();
// 利用url解析出host,然后添加host header。它指明了server地址
if (request.header("Host") == null) {
result.header("Host", Util.hostHeader(request.httpUrl()));
}
// 添加Connection首部,Keep-Alive表示持久连接,一次request和response完成后,HTTP并不立刻关闭。
if (request.header("Connection") == null) {
result.header("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
}
// 添加Accept-Encoding首部,gzip表示可接收gzip格式的压缩编码
if (request.header("Accept-Encoding") == null) {
transparentGzip = true;
result.header("Accept-Encoding", "gzip");
}
// 处理cookie header
CookieHandler cookieHandler = client.getCookieHandler();
if (cookieHandler != null) {
// 将用户构建的原始request中的header弄成Map结构
Map<String, List<String>> headers = OkHeaders.toMultimap(result.build().headers(), null);
// 从URI中解析出cookie,并添加到Map中,其key为"Cookie"
Map<String, List<String>> cookies = cookieHandler.get(request.uri(), headers);
// 添加Cookie和Cookie2 header
OkHeaders.addCookies(result, cookies);
}
// 添加User-Agent header,它表示client端是啥东西,比如浏览器
// 对于OKHttp来说,就是okhttp和它的版本号
if (request.header("User-Agent") == null) {
result.header("User-Agent", Version.userAgent());
}
return result.build();
}
下面分析下cache是否可用的判断逻辑,也就是下面这行代码的执行逻辑。
cacheStrategy = new CacheStrategy.Factory(now, request, cacheCandidate).get();
public final class CacheStrategy {
// 构造方法,nowMillis为传入的系统此刻时间
public Factory(long nowMillis, Request request, Response cacheResponse) {
this.nowMillis = nowMillis;
this.request = request;
this.cacheResponse = cacheResponse;
if (cacheResponse != null) {
// 取出response中的headers
Headers headers = cacheResponse.headers();
// 遍历所有headers,解析出与cache过期有关的headers,并给相应成员变量赋值
for (int i = 0, size = headers.size(); i < size; i++) {
String fieldName = headers.name(i);
String value = headers.value(i);
if ("Date".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName)) {
// Date header处理
servedDate = HttpDate.parse(value);
servedDateString = value;
} else if ("Expires".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName)) {
// Expires header处理
expires = HttpDate.parse(value);
} else if ("Last-Modified".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName)) {
// Last-Modified header处理
lastModified = HttpDate.parse(value);
lastModifiedString = value;
} else if ("ETag".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName)) {
// ETag header处理
etag = value;
} else if ("Age".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName)) {
// Age header处理
ageSeconds = HeaderParser.parseSeconds(value, -1);
} else if (OkHeaders.SENT_MILLIS.equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName)) {
sentRequestMillis = Long.parseLong(value);
} else if (OkHeaders.RECEIVED_MILLIS.equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName)) {
receivedResponseMillis = Long.parseLong(value);
}
}
}
}
public CacheStrategy get() {
// CacheStrategy生成的主要方法
CacheStrategy candidate = getCandidate();
if (candidate.networkRequest != null && request.cacheControl().onlyIfCached()) {
// 网络被用户禁止使用,并且cache不可用,此时networkRequest和cacheResponse都为null
return new CacheStrategy(null, null);
}
return candidate;
}
private CacheStrategy getCandidate() {
// 没有此request的cache response
if (cacheResponse == null) {
return new CacheStrategy(request, null);
}
// 对于HTTPS,必须有handshake字段,否则认为此cache不可用
if (request.isHttps() && cacheResponse.handshake() == null) {
return new CacheStrategy(request, null);
}
// 此response不能使用cache,比如金融类数据,一般追求实时性,不适合使用cache
if (!isCacheable(cacheResponse, request)) {
return new CacheStrategy(request, null);
}
// 使用cache前需要先验证一下保存的response,或者request中有条件GET的headers
// noCache()方法命名不好,有歧义。它不是表示不能使用cache或者没有cache,而是表示使用前要先验证。
CacheControl requestCaching = request.cacheControl();
if (requestCaching.noCache() || hasConditions(request)) {
return new CacheStrategy(request, null);
}
// 计算cache是否过期
long ageMillis = cacheResponseAge(); // 目前response生成时的绝对时间
long freshMillis = computeFreshnessLifetime(); // 到什么时候为止仍然是新鲜的,绝对时间
if (requestCaching.maxAgeSeconds() != -1) {
freshMillis = Math.min(freshMillis, SECONDS.toMillis(requestCaching.maxAgeSeconds()));
}
long minFreshMillis = 0; // 剩余的最低的保鲜期,相对时间
if (requestCaching.minFreshSeconds() != -1) {
minFreshMillis = SECONDS.toMillis(requestCaching.minFreshSeconds());
}
long maxStaleMillis = 0; // 最大过期时间,相对时间
CacheControl responseCaching = cacheResponse.cacheControl();
if (!responseCaching.mustRevalidate() && requestCaching.maxStaleSeconds() != -1) {
maxStaleMillis = SECONDS.toMillis(requestCaching.maxStaleSeconds());
}
if (!responseCaching.noCache() && ageMillis + minFreshMillis < freshMillis + maxStaleMillis) {
Response.Builder builder = cacheResponse.newBuilder();
if (ageMillis + minFreshMillis >= freshMillis) {
builder.addHeader("Warning", "110 HttpURLConnection \"Response is stale\"");
}
long oneDayMillis = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000L;
if (ageMillis > oneDayMillis && isFreshnessLifetimeHeuristic()) {
builder.addHeader("Warning", "113 HttpURLConnection \"Heuristic expiration\"");
}
// cache可用时,将networkRequest赋值为null,可以看出OKHttp是优先使用cache的
return new CacheStrategy(null, builder.build());
}
// 条件GET的处理。
// 条件GET一般是cache过期了,需要发送验证request给server,以判断cache response是否修改了。如果没有修改,还是可以接着使用cache的。
Request.Builder conditionalRequestBuilder = request.newBuilder();
if (etag != null) {
conditionalRequestBuilder.header("If-None-Match", etag);
} else if (lastModified != null) {
conditionalRequestBuilder.header("If-Modified-Since", lastModifiedString);
} else if (servedDate != null) {
conditionalRequestBuilder.header("If-Modified-Since", servedDateString);
}
Request conditionalRequest = conditionalRequestBuilder.build();
return hasConditions(conditionalRequest)
? new CacheStrategy(conditionalRequest, cacheResponse)
: new CacheStrategy(conditionalRequest, null);
}
}
writeRequestHeaders()向HttpConnection的buffer中以UTF-8的编码格式写入start line和headers,合适的时机会发送到socket中传输出去
public final class HttpTransport implements Transport {
// 这个名字起的不好,这个方法不仅写入了headers,还写入了start line
public void writeRequestHeaders(Request request) throws IOException {
// 发送request之前必须立刻调用,它记录了发送request的系统时间
httpEngine.writingRequestHeaders();
// 生成start line,后面有详细分析
String requestLine = RequestLine.get(
request, httpEngine.getConnection().getRoute().getProxy().type());
// 将start line和headers写入到buffer中,UTF-8格式,合适的时机再将buffer中数据通过socket传输出去
httpConnection.writeRequest(request.headers(), requestLine);
}
}
public final class RequestLine {
// 生成request的start line,Http协议中它的格式为 method url version
static String get(Request request, Proxy.Type proxyType) {
StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
// 写入method
result.append(request.method());
result.append(' ');
// 写入url
if (includeAuthorityInRequestLine(request, proxyType)) {
result.append(request.httpUrl());
} else {
result.append(requestPath(request.httpUrl()));
}
// 写入version,可以看到OKHttp支持的是HTTP/1.1版本
result.append(" HTTP/1.1");
return result.toString();
}
}
public void readResponse() throws IOException {
if (userResponse != null) {
// response已经有了,这可能是利用cache生成的response或其他情况,
// 此时我们就不用去接收server端的response了,其实一般此时也没有server端的response让我们去接收,哈哈~
return;
}
if (networkRequest == null && cacheResponse == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("call sendRequest() first!");
}
if (networkRequest == null) {
return; // No network response to read.
}
Response networkResponse;
if (forWebSocket) {
// 先将start line和header写入socket中
transport.writeRequestHeaders(networkRequest);
// 发送request,并读取response,后面详细分析
networkResponse = readNetworkResponse();
} else if (!callerWritesRequestBody) {
// 先执行拦截器,再写入request到HttpConnection的buffer中,最后发送buffer,并读取response
// 和上面情况比较像,这里就不展开分析了
networkResponse = new NetworkInterceptorChain(0, networkRequest).proceed(networkRequest);
} else {
// 将request body的buffer发出去,这样requestBodyOut中就有了body
if (bufferedRequestBody != null && bufferedRequestBody.buffer().size() > 0) {
bufferedRequestBody.emit();
}
// 处理request headers,并将start line和header写入socket中
if (sentRequestMillis == -1) {
if (OkHeaders.contentLength(networkRequest) == -1
&& requestBodyOut instanceof RetryableSink) {
// 如果之前content-length值不清楚,此时在body已经ready的情况下,可以计算出content-length,并将它添加到header中
long contentLength = ((RetryableSink) requestBodyOut).contentLength();
networkRequest = networkRequest.newBuilder()
.header("Content-Length", Long.toString(contentLength))
.build();
}
// 将start line和header写入socket中
transport.writeRequestHeaders(networkRequest);
}
// 将body写入socket中
if (requestBodyOut != null) {
if (bufferedRequestBody != null) {
// This also closes the wrapped requestBodyOut.
bufferedRequestBody.close();
} else {
requestBodyOut.close();
}
if (requestBodyOut instanceof RetryableSink) {
// body 写入socket中
transport.writeRequestBody((RetryableSink) requestBodyOut);
}
}
// 发送request,并读取response,后面会详细分析
networkResponse = readNetworkResponse();
}
// 开始处理获取到的response
// 读取并处理response的headers
receiveHeaders(networkResponse.headers());
// cache response存在的情况下,应该是cache过期了,做了一次条件GET来验证cache的内容是否有变更。
// 根据Http协议,如果cache未变,回复304,not modified。且response中不会包含body,
// 如果cache改变,回复200, OK。response中包含body
if (cacheResponse != null) {
if (validate(cacheResponse, networkResponse)) {
// 再验证通过,cache内容未变,使用cache构造response
userResponse = cacheResponse.newBuilder()
.request(userRequest)
.priorResponse(stripBody(priorResponse))
.headers(combine(cacheResponse.headers(), networkResponse.headers()))
.cacheResponse(stripBody(cacheResponse))
.networkResponse(stripBody(networkResponse))
.build();
networkResponse.body().close();
releaseConnection();
// 更新cache
InternalCache responseCache = Internal.instance.internalCache(client);
responseCache.trackConditionalCacheHit();
responseCache.update(cacheResponse, stripBody(userResponse));
userResponse = unzip(userResponse);
return;
} else {
// cache未命中,response中会包含我们想要的body的。关闭cache body流
closeQuietly(cacheResponse.body());
}
}
// cache未命中,利用server返回的response string构造client使用的Response对象
// 此时会将response缓存起来,以便下次使用
userResponse = networkResponse.newBuilder()
.request(userRequest)
.priorResponse(stripBody(priorResponse))
.cacheResponse(stripBody(cacheResponse))
.networkResponse(stripBody(networkResponse))
.build();
if (hasBody(userResponse)) {
maybeCache();
userResponse = unzip(cacheWritingResponse(storeRequest, userResponse));
}
}
下面详细分析readNetworkResponse(),它会通过socket流读取response string的start line,headers和body。
private Response readNetworkResponse() throws IOException {
// 将HttpTransport中的buffer flush出去
transport.finishRequest();
// 读取server的response string,并构造出Response对象
Response networkResponse = transport.readResponseHeaders()
.request(networkRequest)
.handshake(connection.getHandshake())
.header(OkHeaders.SENT_MILLIS, Long.toString(sentRequestMillis))
.header(OkHeaders.RECEIVED_MILLIS, Long.toString(System.currentTimeMillis()))
.build();
if (!forWebSocket) {
networkResponse = networkResponse.newBuilder()
.body(transport.openResponseBody(networkResponse))
.build();
}
return networkResponse;
}
public final class HttpTransport implements Transport {
@Override public Response.Builder readResponseHeaders() throws IOException {
return httpConnection.readResponse();
}
}
public final class HttpConnection {
public Response.Builder readResponse() throws IOException {
if (state != STATE_OPEN_REQUEST_BODY && state != STATE_READ_RESPONSE_HEADERS) {
throw new IllegalStateException("state: " + state);
}
try {
while (true) {
// 解析start line,response的start line格式为 protocol,code, message
StatusLine statusLine = StatusLine.parse(source.readUtf8LineStrict());
// 将解析出的protocol, code, message分别放入构造的Response对象中
Response.Builder responseBuilder = new Response.Builder()
.protocol(statusLine.protocol)
.code(statusLine.code)
.message(statusLine.message);
// 解析response string的headers
Headers.Builder headersBuilder = new Headers.Builder();
// 一行行读取headers, 直到遇到空行结束
readHeaders(headersBuilder);
headersBuilder.add(OkHeaders.SELECTED_PROTOCOL, statusLine.protocol.toString());
// 将headers添加到Response对象中
responseBuilder.headers(headersBuilder.build());
// 如果返回code不是100, continue,则可以直接将Response对象返回
// 对于100,continue,server还会继续返回response string,我们需要在while循环中继续接收并解析
if (statusLine.code != HTTP_CONTINUE) {
state = STATE_OPEN_RESPONSE_BODY;
return responseBuilder;
}
}
} catch (EOFException e) {
// Provide more context if the server ends the stream before sending a response.
IOException exception = new IOException("unexpected end of stream on " + connection
+ " (recycle count=" + Internal.instance.recycleCount(connection) + ")");
exception.initCause(e);
throw exception;
}
}
}
client发送一个request之后,server可能回复一个重定向的response,并在这个response中告知client需要重新访问的server的IP。此时,client需要重新向新的server发送request,并等待新server的回复。所以我们需要单独判断重定向response,并发送多次request。有了OKHttp,这一切你都不用管,它会自动帮你完成所有这一切。OKHttp中followUpRequest()方法就是完成这个功能的。是不是瞬间感觉OKHttp强大到不要不要的啊~。这个方法流程比较简单,就不给出流程图了。亲们如果对Http协议不熟悉,可以先看我的这篇文章Http协议简介
public Request followUpRequest() throws IOException {
if (userResponse == null) throw new IllegalStateException();
Proxy selectedProxy = getRoute() != null
? getRoute().getProxy()
: client.getProxy();
int responseCode = userResponse.code();
// 利用responseCode来分析是否需要自动发送后续request
switch (responseCode) {
// 未认证用户,不能访问server或代理,故需要发送认证的request
case HTTP_PROXY_AUTH:
if (selectedProxy.type() != Proxy.Type.HTTP) {
throw new ProtocolException("Received HTTP_PROXY_AUTH (407) code while not using proxy");
}
case HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED:
return OkHeaders.processAuthHeader(client.getAuthenticator(), userResponse, selectedProxy);
// 永久重定向,暂时重定向,永久移动了等和重定向相关的response,response code中以3打头的都是
// 它们需要重新发送request给新的server,新sever的ip在response中会给出
case HTTP_PERM_REDIRECT:
case HTTP_TEMP_REDIRECT:
if (!userRequest.method().equals("GET") && !userRequest.method().equals("HEAD")) {
return null;
}
case HTTP_MULT_CHOICE:
case HTTP_MOVED_PERM:
case HTTP_MOVED_TEMP:
case HTTP_SEE_OTHER:
// Does the client allow redirects?
if (!client.getFollowRedirects()) return null;
// 新的server的IP地址在response的Location header中给出
String location = userResponse.header("Location");
if (location == null) return null;
HttpUrl url = userRequest.httpUrl().resolve(location);
// Don't follow redirects to unsupported protocols.
if (url == null) return null;
// If configured, don't follow redirects between SSL and non-SSL.
boolean sameScheme = url.scheme().equals(userRequest.httpUrl().scheme());
if (!sameScheme && !client.getFollowSslRedirects()) return null;
// Redirects don't include a request body.
Request.Builder requestBuilder = userRequest.newBuilder();
if (HttpMethod.permitsRequestBody(userRequest.method())) {
requestBuilder.method("GET", null);
requestBuilder.removeHeader("Transfer-Encoding");
requestBuilder.removeHeader("Content-Length");
requestBuilder.removeHeader("Content-Type");
}
// 删掉用户认证信息
if (!sameConnection(url)) {
requestBuilder.removeHeader("Authorization");
}
return requestBuilder.url(url).build();
default:
return null;
}
}
OKHttp底层源码还是相当复杂的,毕竟它的功能如此之强大嘛。OKHttp默认采用了Keep-Alive持久连接技术,可支持gzip编码的response。在cache的处理上,如果cache可用,则直接使用cache,否则使用网络数据。OKHttp会做cache过期的判断和过期后的再验证。有了OKHttp,这一切你都不用管,它帮你cover掉了!
当需要做用户验证和重定向时,我们一般需要发送认证request,或向新server发送request,也就是要重新再生成新request并发送出去。有了OKHttp,这一切你都不用管,它又帮你cover掉了!
OKHttp功能实在是强大到爆表,掌握好了它的实现原理和底层流程之后,你就可以在项目中游刃有余的放心使用它了!另外,小编可是花了整个周末才完成了这几篇文章,走过路过的朋友帮忙写写评论吧,谢谢!