Linux下安装或升级Python 2.7(含pip安装)
1.准备编译环境gcc，没有gcc编译环境会出现报错，如下：
[root@localhost ~]# cd Python-2.7.11
[root@localhost Python-2.7.11]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python27
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking for --enable-universalsdk... no
checking for --with-universal-archs... 32-bit
checking MACHDEP... linux2
checking EXTRAPLATDIR...
checking for --without-gcc... no
checking for gcc... no
checking for cc... no
checking for cl.exe... no
configure: error: in `/root/Python-2.7.11':
configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH
See `config.log' for more details
（原因是服务器缺少gcc编辑器）
2.去官网下载要安装的对应版本的python的源代码
下载地址：https://www.python.org/downloads/source/
你可以选择你要下载的版本，用wget指令来下载相应的源代码
3.解压下载的代码包
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tar
-zxvf Python-x.x.x.tgz
cd
Python-x.x.x
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4.配置
1)查找configure文件
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find
. -name configure
cd
搜索结果（一般就在Python文件根目录下）
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2)进行配置
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.
/configure
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5.编译
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make
make
install
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（如果没有其他特殊需求，安装就到此结束了，输入pythonx.x即可以进入你刚刚安装的python开发环境）
6.替换以前的python默认版本（创建新的软连接）
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cd
/usr/bin/
rm
-rf python
ln
-s
/usr/local/Python-x
.x.x
/bin/python
.
/python
注意：
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你直接输入python就是你最新安装的python新版本，要想用以前的版本，可以输入pythonx.x来启动！
7.升级完python之后，yum可能无法正常使用，提示如下：
There was a problem importing one of the Python modules
required to run yum. The error leading to this problem was:
No module named yum
Please install a package which provides this module, or
verify that the module is installed correctly.
It's possible that the above module doesn't match the
current version of Python, which is:
2.7.3 (default, Jul 15 2014, 16:52:36)
[GCC 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-48)]
If you cannot solve this problem yourself, please go to
the yum faq at:
http://wiki.linux.duke.edu/YumFaq
应该是yum和Python是依赖关系，yum是python的模块，所以需要修改yum来解决：
1、修改yum
# vim /usr/bin/yum
将 #!/usr/bin/python 改成 #!/usr/bin/python2.4
【保存并退出】
2. 再测试yum安装，成功；
==========================================================
pip安装：
1、脚本安装
$ curl -O https://raw.github.com/pypa/pip/master/contrib/get-pip.py $ python get-pip.py2、yum安装
$ sudo yum install python-pip $ sudo apt-get install python-pip
脚本安装过程中，可能会遇到两个问题：
（1）zlib、zlib-devel没有安装，报错如下：
[root@localhost home]# python get-pip.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "get-pip.py", line 20061, in
main()
File "get-pip.py", line 194, in main
bootstrap(tmpdir=tmpdir)
File "get-pip.py", line 82, in bootstrap
import pip
zipimport.ZipImportError: can't decompress data; zlib not available
解决方法：
1、安装依赖zlib、zlib-devel
2、重新编译安装Python
- ./configure
- 编辑Modules/Setup文件
- 找到下面这句，去掉注释
- #zlib zlibmodule.c -I$(prefix)/include -L$(exec_prefix)/lib -lz
- 重新编译安装：make & make install
pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.
Collecting pip
Could not fetch URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/pip/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available. - skipping
Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement pip (from versions: )
No matching distribution found for pip
解决方案如下：
[root@localhost ~]# python2.7.5
Python 2.7.5 (default, Jun 3 2013, 11:08:43)
[GCC 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-54)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import ssl
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "
File "/usr/local/python27/lib/python2.7/ssl.py", line 60, in
import _ssl # if we can't import it, let the error propagate
ImportError: No module named _ssl
>>>
2. 查看openssl安装包，发现缺少openssl-devel包
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -aq|grep openssl
openssl-0.9.8e-20.el5
openssl-0.9.8e-20.el5
[root@localhost ~]#
3. yum安装openssl-devel
[root@localhost ~]# yum install openssl-devel -y
#查看安装结果
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -aq|grep openssl
openssl-0.9.8e-26.el5_9.1
openssl-0.9.8e-26.el5_9.1
openssl-devel-0.9.8e-26.el5_9.1
openssl-devel-0.9.8e-26.el5_9.1
4. 重新编译python
#修改Setup文件
vi /usr/software/Python-2.7.5/Modules/Setup
#修改结果如下：
# Socket module helper for socket(2)
_socket socketmodule.c timemodule.c
# Socket module helper for SSL support; you must comment out the other
# socket line above, and possibly edit the SSL variable:
#SSL=/usr/local/ssl
_ssl _ssl.c \
-DUSE_SSL -I$(SSL)/include -I$(SSL)/include/openssl \
-L$(SSL)/lib -lssl -lcrypto
5. 重新编译
make
make install
6. 测试，已可正常使用。
[root@localhost ~]# python2.7.5
Python 2.7.5 (default, Jun 3 2013, 14:56:13)
[GCC 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-54)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import ssl
>>>
pip安装完成后，通过一下指令查看版本：
pip -V #查看pip版本