Aliyun OSS Nginx proxy module（阿里云OSS Nginx 签名代理模块）

1、此文章主要介绍内容

本文主要介绍如何利用Nginx lua 实现将阿里云OSS存储空间做到同本地磁盘一样使用。核心是利用Nginx lua 对OSS请求进行签名并利用内部跳转将所有访问本地Nginx的请求加上OSS 签名转发给OSS，实现本地Nginx无缝衔接阿里云OSS，存储空间无限扩展，存储成本无限下降，数据安全%99.99…… 。

2、本篇文章使用到的一些工具技术及如何学习和获取

1、lua

本文用到的都是一些基本的lua，基本上花半小时阅读下lua的语法就可以轻松理解本文内容

2、Nginx lua

主要是学习nginx lua 及环境部署，不过阅读本文还不需要亲自动手去学习及部署nginx lua 环境，读者可以从docker 官方镜像源pull openresty 镜像进行实验。本文已openresty/1.7.7.2 作为实验环境。

3、阿里云OSS

赶紧开通吧，用起来相当爽，一处存储全球无限制访问
https://www.aliyun.com/act/aliyun/ossdoc.html

4、参考博客

建议阅读我的另外一篇博客，对深入理解OSS 及互联网上提供的HTTP服务有更深刻的理解
http://blog.csdn.net/sunrain_chy/article/details/50804410

3、利用Nginx lua 实现请求签名并转发至OSS

Lua 签名 code
注：此代码并非出自作者之手
oss_auth.lua

-- has been sorted in alphabetical order
local signed_subresources = {
   'acl',
   'append',
   'bucketInfo',
   'cname',
   'commitTransition',
   'comp',
   'cors',
   'delete',
   'lifecycle',
   'location',
   'logging',
   'mime',
   'notification',
   'objectInfo',
   'objectMeta',
   'partData',
   'partInfo',
   'partNumber',
   'policy',
   'position',
   'referer',
   'replication',
   'replicationLocation',
   'replicationProgress',
   'requestPayment',
   'response-cache-control',
   'response-content-disposition',
   'response-content-encoding',
   'response-content-language',
   'response-content-type',
   'response-expires',
   'restore',
   'security-token',
   'tagging',
   'torrent',
   'uploadId',
   'uploads',
   'versionId',
   'versioning',
   'versions',
   'website'
}

function string.startswith(s, start)
   return string.sub(s, 1, string.len(start)) == start
end

local function get_canon_sub_resource()
   local args = ngx.req.get_uri_args()
   -- lower keys
   local keys = {}
   for k, v in pairs(args) do
      keys[k:lower()] = v
   end
   -- make resource string
   local s = ''
   local sep = '?'
   for i, k in ipairs(signed_subresources) do
      v = keys[k]
      if v then
         -- sub table
         v = type(v) == 'table' and v[1] or v
         s = s .. string.format("%s%s=%s", sep, k, v)
         sep = '&'
      end
   end
   return s
end

local function get_canon_resource()
   resource = ''
   object = ngx.unescape_uri(ngx.var.uri)
   sub = get_canon_sub_resource()   
   return string.format("/%s%s%s", ngx.var.oss_bucket, object, sub)
end   

local function get_canon_headers()
   -- default: 
   local headers = ngx.req.get_headers()
   local keys = {}
   for k, v in pairs(headers) do
      if string.startswith(k, 'x-oss-') then
         -- client must assemble the same header keys
         if type(v) ~= 'string' then return nil end
         table.insert(keys, k)
      end
   end
   -- sorted in alphabetical order
   table.sort(keys)
   for i, key in ipairs(keys) do
      keys[i] = key .. ':' .. headers[key] .. '\n'
   end
   return table.concat(keys)
end

local function calc_sign(key, method, md5, type_, date, oss_headers, resource)
    -- string_to_sign:
    -- method + '\n' + content_md5 + '\n' + content_type + '\n'
    -- + date + '\n' + canonicalized_oss_headers + canonicalized_resource
    local sign_str = string.format('%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s%s',
    method, md5, type_,
    date, oss_headers, resource)
    ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "SignStr:", sign_str, "\n")
    local sign_result = ngx.encode_base64(ngx.hmac_sha1(key, sign_str))
    return sign_result, sign_str
end   

local function oss_auth()
   -- ngx.log(ngx.INFO, 'auth')
   --local method = ngx.var.request_method
   local method = ngx.req.get_method()
   local content_md5 = ngx.var.http_content_md5 or ''
   local content_type = ngx.var.http_content_type or ''
   -- get date
   local date = ngx.var.http_x_oss_date or ngx.var.http_date or ''
   if date == '' then
      date = ngx.http_time(ngx.time())
      -- ngx.log(ngx.INFO, 'Date:', date)
      ngx.req.set_header('Date', date)
   end
   local resource = get_canon_resource()
   local canon_headers = get_canon_headers()
   local sign_result, sign_str = calc_sign(ngx.var.oss_auth_key, method, content_md5,
   content_type, date, canon_headers, resource)
   -- ngx.log(ngx.INFO, 'sign string:', sign_str)
   -- ngx.log(ngx.INFO, 'sign string len:', string.len(sign_str))
   local auth = string.format("OSS %s:%s", ngx.var.oss_auth_id, sign_result)
   ngx.req.set_header('Authorization', auth)
   ngx.exec("@oss")
end   

-- main
res = oss_auth()

if res then
   ngx.exit(res)
end

nginx.conf

  server {
        listen 8000;

        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_buffering off;
        proxy_request_buffering off;

        location / {
            set $oss_bucket "your_oss_bucket";
            set $oss_auth_id "your_access_id";
            set $oss_auth_key "your_access_key";
            rewrite_by_lua_file "/path/oss_auth.lua";
        }

        # internal redirect
        location @oss {
            // endpoint eg: oss.aliyuncs.com
            proxy_pass http://your_oss_bucket.endpoint; 
        }
    }

4、如何使用上述代码

首先oss_auth.lua 无需做任何改动

nginx.conf 中需要将
your_oss_bucket 替换为阿里云OSS 的bucket名
your_access_id替换未AccessKeyId
your_access_key 替换为 AccessKeySecret

例如：

error_log  logs/error.log  debug;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    lua_package_path "/usr/servers/lualib/?.lua;";
    lua_package_cpath "/usr/servers/lualib/?.so;"; 
    server {
        listen       80；
        location / {
            set $oss_bucket "bucket-example";
            set $oss_auth_id "za2127hbbsdhjal0ytocbzr";
            set $oss_auth_key "gMOG3o+HJdsgdHdpieCNMcsaH+Q=";
            rewrite_by_lua_file conf/lua/oss_auth.lua;
        }

        location @oss {
            proxy_pass http://bucket-example.oss-cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com;
        }
    }
}