JDCB连接连接数据库与JDBC连接、增删改、查询的通用方法
JDCB连接连接MySQL数据库的几种方式(异常建议try catch 处理,这里只说明连接方式,都throw处理):
第一种方式
package test1;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.Driver;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Properties;
public class Test1 {
@Test
public void test1() throws SQLException {
// 获取驱动实例
Driver driver =new com.mysql.jdbc.Driver();
//url 协议://ip:端口号/数据库
String url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test";
//数据库连接信息(用户名密码)封装到Properties对象中
Properties info = new Properties();
info.setProperty("user","root");
info.setProperty("password","123456");
//获取数据库连接
Connection conn = driver.connect(url, info);
System.out.println(conn);
}
}
第二种方式:
@Test
public void test2() throws Exception {
//反射
Class clazz = Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
Driver driver = (Driver) clazz.newInstance();
String url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test";
//数据库连接信息(用户名密码)封装到Properties对象中
Properties info = new Properties();
info.setProperty("user","root");
info.setProperty("password","123456");
//获取数据库连接
Connection conn = driver.connect(url, info);
System.out.println(conn);
}
第三种方式:
@Test
public void test3() throws Exception{
//提供数据库连接信息
String url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test";
String user = "root";
String password = "123456";
//使用反射获取Driver接口的实现类对象
Class clazz = Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
Driver driver = (Driver) clazz.newInstance();//可省略
//提供数据库连接信息
String url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test";
String user = "root";
String password = "123456";
//注册驱动
DriverManager.registerDriver(driver);//可省略
//使用DriverManager获取数据库连接
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
System.out.println(conn);
}
第四种方式(推荐):
@Test
public void test() throws Exception {
InputStream is = Test1.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("jdbc.properties");
Properties pros= new Properties();
pros.load(is);
String user = pros.getProperty("user");
String password = pros.getProperty("password");
String url = pros.getProperty("url");
String driverClass = pros.getProperty("driverClass");
Class.forName(driverClass);
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,password);
System.out.println(conn);
}
>
通用的数据库连接、关闭方法
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.Properties;
public class JDBCUtils {
//获取数据库连接的通用方法
public static Connection getConnection() throws Exception {
// 1.读取配置文件中的4个基本信息,配置文件内容见文章底部
InputStream is = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("jdbc.properties");
Properties pros = new Properties();
pros.load(is);
String user = pros.getProperty("user");
String password = pros.getProperty("password");
String url = pros.getProperty("url");
String driverClass = pros.getProperty("driverClass");
// 2.加载驱动
Class.forName(driverClass);
// 3.获取连接
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
return conn;
}
// 关闭连接和Statement的操作的方法
public static void closeResource(Connection conn,Statement ps){
try {
if(ps != null)
ps.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
if(conn != null)
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//关闭资源操作
public static void closeResource(Connection conn,Statement ps,ResultSet rs){
try {
if(ps != null)
ps.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
if(conn != null)
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
if(rs != null)
rs.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
>
通用的增删改操作:
public void update(String sql,Object ...args){//sql中占位符的个数与可变形参的长度相同!
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement ps = null;
try {
//1.获取数据库的连接
conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
//2.预编译sql语句,返回PreparedStatement的实例
ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
//3.填充占位符
for(int i = 0;i < args.length;i++){
ps.setObject(i + 1, args[i]);//小心参数声明错误!!
}
//4.执行
ps.execute();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
//5.资源的关闭
JDBCUtils.closeResource(conn, ps);
}
}
>
通用的查询操作:
public <T> List<T> getForList(Class<T> clazz,String sql, Object... args){
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement ps = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
ps.setObject(i + 1, args[i]);
}
rs = ps.executeQuery();
// 获取结果集的元数据 :ResultSetMetaData
ResultSetMetaData rsmd = rs.getMetaData();
// 通过ResultSetMetaData获取结果集中的列数
int columnCount = rsmd.getColumnCount();
//创建集合对象
ArrayList<T> list = new ArrayList<T>();
while (rs.next()) {
T t = clazz.newInstance();
// 处理结果集一行数据中的每一个列:给t对象指定的属性赋值
for (int i = 0; i < columnCount; i++) {
// 获取列值
Object columValue = rs.getObject(i + 1);
// 获取每个列的列名
// String columnName = rsmd.getColumnName(i + 1);
String columnLabel = rsmd.getColumnLabel(i + 1);
// 给t对象指定的columnName属性,赋值为columValue:通过反射
Field field = clazz.getDeclaredField(columnLabel);
field.setAccessible(true);
field.set(t, columValue);
}
list.add(t);
}
return list;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
JDBCUtils.closeResource(conn, ps, rs);
}
return null;
}
>
Properties文件内容
#数据库地址
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbc
#用户名密码
user=root
password=123456
#mysql驱动
driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver