django 用户管理系列：1 user

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user

user 对象是授权系统的核心、用户可以分成两类 1):superuser 2):staff；下面是user表的结构

create table auth_user (
    /*
    用户
    */
    id           int(11)              not null auto_increment,
    password     varchar(128)         not null,
    last_login   datetime(6)          DEFAULT NULL,
    is_superuser tinyint(1)           not null,
    username     varchar(150)         not null,
    first_name   varchar(30)          not null,
    last_name    varchar(150)         not null,
    email        varchar(254)         not null,
    is_staff     tinyint(1)           not null,
    is_active    tinyint(1)           not null,
    date_joined  datetime(6)          not null,

    primary key (id),
    unique  key username (username)
)

1. 创建用户

   通过user.objects.create_user方法创建用户

   import django
   django.setup()
   
   from django.contrib.auth.models import User
   
   u = User.objects.create_user('jianglegege','[email protected]','mypassword')
   

   数据库的user表保存如下行

   select  * from auth_user \G
   *************************** 1. row ***************************
             id: 1
       password: pbkdf2_sha256$100000$qOjRhC0Rrzfe$IyyhAkh31+tlPs/YrK+3HwQXupbyKWNE5ouDdDd97xg=
     last_login: NULL
   is_superuser: 0
       username: jianglegege
     first_name: 
      last_name: 
          email: 127.0.0.1@qq.com
       is_staff: 0
      is_active: 1
    date_joined: 2018-05-24 04:58:38.617093
   1 row in set (0.00 sec)      
   

   现给出源码中create_user的原型：

   class UserManager(BaseUserManager):
       use_in_migrations = True
   
       def _create_user(self, username, email, password, **extra_fields):
           """
           Create and save a user with the given username, email, and password.
           """
           if not username:
               raise ValueError('The given username must be set')
           email = self.normalize_email(email)
           username = self.model.normalize_username(username)
           user = self.model(username=username, email=email, **extra_fields)
           user.set_password(password)
           user.save(using=self._db)
           return user
   
       def create_user(self, username, email=None, password=None, **extra_fields):
           extra_fields.setdefault('is_staff', False)
           extra_fields.setdefault('is_superuser', False)
           return self._create_user(username, email, password, **extra_fields)  
           
   

   建议在创建user对象时把指定参数名、这样比较好理解

   u = User.objects.create_user(username='neeky',email='[email protected]',password='mypassword')
   

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2. 创建超级用户

   超级用户可以在命令行中创建

   python3 manage.py createsuperuser --username=admin --email[email protected]
   
   Password:
   Password (again):
   

   Django会提示输入密码和确认密码，数据库中针对超级用户会保存如下信息：

   *************************** 3. row ***************************
             id: 3
       password: pbkdf2_sha256$100000$rHeJUU5jdYjk$iV+n2op/EfHj1jmvHQSwKiNusWsg2Xt+L5as4hJhdTU=
     last_login: NULL
   is_superuser: 1
       username: admin
     first_name: 
      last_name: 
          email: 127.0.0.1@qq.com
       is_staff: 1
      is_active: 1
    date_joined: 2018-05-24 05:17:09.110324
   3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
   

3. 更新密码

   由上面的内容可以知道django对用户密码是取胜密文保存的、人肉计算加密串是不现实的、所以还是要通过django提供的接口来修改密码；django提供了两种修改密码的方式 1):命令行 2):user对象的set_password()方法

   1)、命令行方式：

   python3 manage.py changepassword admin 
   Changing password for user 'admin'
   Password: 
   Password (again): 
   Password changed successfully for user 'admin'
   

   2)、实例方法：

   import django
   django.setup()
   
   from django.contrib.auth.models import User
   u = User.objects.get(username='admin')
   u.set_password('127.0.0.1@password')
   u.save()
   

4. 用户验证

   django 通过authenticate函数完成用户验证

   def authenticate(request=None, **credentials):
       """
       If the given credentials are valid, return a User object.
       """
       for backend, backend_path in _get_backends(return_tuples=True):
           try:
               user = _authenticate_with_backend(backend, backend_path, request, credentials)
           except PermissionDenied:
               # This backend says to stop in our tracks - this user should not be allowed in at all.
               break
           if user is None:
               continue
           # Annotate the user object with the path of the backend.
           user.backend = backend_path
           return user
   
       # The credentials supplied are invalid to all backends, fire signal
       user_login_failed.send(sender=__name__, credentials=_clean_credentials(credentials), request=request)
   
   

   由上面定义可知在验证成功后会返回一个User类的实例、如果没有成功会返回一个None值

   from django.contrib.auth import authenticate
   u = authenticate(username='admin',password='127.0.0.1@password')
   if u != None:
       print(u.username) # admin
   else:
       print('error')
   

   注意：request参数是可选的