程序员思维学英语语法---副词详解

程序员思维学英语语法

---

单词-副词详解

1. 副词的定义

2. 副词的分类

2.1 时间副词

2.2 地点副词

2.3 方式副词

2.4 程度副词

2.5 疑问副词

2.6 关系副词

2.7 连接副词

2.8 表顺序副词

2.9 频率副词

---

---

单词-副词详解

本章主要目的：了解副词定义及分类

1. 副词的定义

副词：指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词。用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念

/**
 * @Author: Wen-Xueliang
 * @Date: Created in 2019/5/29 22:25
 * @Description: 副词：指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词。用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念
 */
public class Adverb extends PartOfSpeech {
    public Adverb() {
        super();
    }
    public Adverb(String text) {
        super();
        this.text = text;
    }

    @Override
    public String getAbbreviate() throws Exception {
        return "adv.";
    }
}

2. 副词的分类

2.1 时间副词

• 时间副词定义

用于提供关于动词何时发生的信息，通常放句子的开头和结尾

• 时间副词分类

确定时间	今天	today	How are you feeling today？（你今天感觉怎么样）
	明天	tomorrow	Bye，see you tomorrow（再见，明天见）
	昨天	yesterday	She left yesterday（她昨天离开了）
	今晚	tonight	I'm at home tonight（我今晚在家）
非确定时间	以前	ago	He was killed a few days ago in a skiing accident（他几天以前在一次滑雪事故中丧生）
	以前	before	Annie was born a few weeks before Christmas（安妮出生在圣诞节前几周）
	曾经	ever	I'm not sure I'll ever trust people again（我不确定我是否还会再相信人）
	刚刚	just	I've just bought a new house（我刚买了一个新房子）
	现在	now	She's a widow now（她现在是一个寡妇）
	最近	recently	The bank recently opened a branch in Miami（这家银行最近在迈阿密开了一家分行）
	近来	lately	Dad's health hasn't been too good lately（爸爸的身体最近一直不太好
	后来	later	He resigned ten years later(他10年后辞职了）
	不久	soon	You'll be hearing from us very soon（你很快就会收到我们的来信）
	最后地	last	When were you there last（你最近一次在那里是什么时候）
	最后	finally	I finally beat her in that match（我在那场比赛中最后击败了她）

• 时间副词所作成分

1. 状语
2. 后置定语

She left yesterday.，yesterday作状语修饰动词left

The weather today is wonderful.（今天的天气好极了），today作后置定语修饰名词The weather

• 时间副词代码

/**
 * @Author: Wen-Xueliang
 * @Date: Created in 2019/7/30 22:13
 * @Description: 时间副词:用于提供关于动词何时发生的信息，通常放句子的开头和结尾
 */
public class TimeAdverb extends Adverb {

    //确定时间
    public static String YESTERDAY = "yesterday";
    public static String TODAY = "today";
    public static String TONIGHT = "tonight";
    public static String TOMORROW = "tomorrow";


    //非确定时间
    public static String AGO = "ago"; //three minutes ago
    public static String BEFORE = "before";
    public static String EVER = "ever";
    public static String JUST = "just";
    public static String NOW = "now";
    public static String RECENTLY = "recently";
    public static String LATELY = "lately";
    public static String LATER = "later";
    public static String SOON = "soon";
    public static String LAST = "last";
    public static String FINALLY = "finally";
    public static String FOR = "for"; //for经常放在一段时间前面
    public static String SINCE = "since"; //since经常放在一个时间点前面
}

2.2 地点副词

• 地点副词定义

表示地点的副词和表示位置关系的副词

• 地点副词分类

表地点的

here
there
home
upstairs
downstairs
anywhere
everywhere
nowhere

表位置的

above
below
down
up
out
in
across

• 地点副词所作成分

1. 状语
2. 后置定语
3. 表语
4. 介词宾语

He did his work here yesterday.（他昨天在这里工作），here作状语修饰句子He did his work

Most of the people here know each other.（这里的人大多数互相认识），here作后置定语修饰名词Most of the people

They are downstairs.（他们在楼下），downstairs作表语

The enemy attacked us from behind.（敌人从后面袭击了我们），behind作介词宾语

• 地点副词代码

/**
 * @Author: Wen-Xueliang
 * @Date: Created in 2019/8/11 22:29
 * @Description: 地点副词:表示地点的副词和表示位置关系的副词
 */
public class PlaceAdverb {

}

2.3 方式副词

• 方式副词定义

表示行为动作发生的方式，常可回答how引导的问句.

• 方式副词分类

表示行为方式的副词大多以-ly结尾，常见的有quietly, heavily, warmly, carefully, happily, politely, angrily等

• 方式副词所作成分

1. 状语

She spoke angrily（她生气的说话），angrily作状语修饰动词spoke

• 方式副词代码

/**
 * @Author: Wen-Xueliang
 * @Date: Created in 2019/8/11 23:00
 * @Description: 方式副词:表示行为动作发生的方式，常可回答how引导的问句.
 */
public class MannerAdverb {

}

2.4 程度副词

• 程度副词定义

对一个形容词或者副词在程度上加以限定或修饰的副词

• 程度副词分类

much, little, very, rather, so, too, quite,perfectly, enough, extremely, entirely, almost, slightly, fairly, alot/bit/little, far, by far, even, nearly, pretty, as, this/that(=so), fully, absolutely,barely, completely, hardly, just, only, really, scarcely

• 程度副词所作成分

1. 状语

He works hard all day.（他整天都在使劲地干活），hard作状语修饰动词works

• 程度副词代码

/**
 * @Author: Wen-Xueliang
 * @Date: Created in 2019/8/11 23:08
 * @Description: 程度副词:对一个形容词或者副词在程度上加以限定或修饰的副词
 */
public class DegreeAdverb {

    public static String A_LITTLE = "a little";
    public static String ALMOST = "almost";
    public static String COMPLETELY = "completely";
    public static String DEEPLY = "deeply";
    public static String ENOUGH = "enough";
    public static String EXTREMELY = "extremely";
    public static String FAIRLY = "fairly";
    public static String GREATLY = "greatly";
    public static String HARDLY = "hardly";

}

2.5 疑问副词

• 疑问副词定义

疑问副词用来引导特殊疑问句，表示时间，地点，方式，原因等

• 疑问副词分类

1. how
2. when
3. where
4. why

• 疑问副词所作成分

1. 状语

When were you born?（你何时出生），When作状语

• 疑问副词代码

/**
 * @Author: Wen-Xueliang
 * @Date: Created in 2019/8/11 22:43
 * @Description: 疑问副词:疑问副词用来引导特殊疑问句，表示时间，地点，方式，原因等
 */
public class InterrogativeAdverb {
    public static String HOW = "how";
    public static String WHEN = "when";
    public static String WHERE = "where";
    public static String WHY = "why";
}

2.6 关系副词

• 关系副词定义

关系副词用于引出定语从句，且在从句中用作状语。关系副词when 表示时间，where表示地点，why表示原因。

• 关系副词分类

1. when
2. where
3. why

• 关系副词所作成分

1. 状语

Can you tell me the time when the film will start.（请告诉我电影什么时候开始好吗），When作定语从句When the film will start的状语。

• 关系副词代码

/**
 * @Author: Wen-Xueliang
 * @Date: Created in 2019/8/11 23:10
 * @Description: 关系副词:关系副词用于引出定语从句，且在从句中用作状语。关系副词when 表示时间，where表示地点，why表示原因。
 */
public class RelativeAdverb {
    public static String WHEN = "when";
    public static String WHERE = "where";
    public static String WHY = "why";
}

2.7 连接副词

• 连接副词定义

连接副词用于连接句子或引导名词性从句。

• 连接副词分类

一类是用于连接句子或从句，常见的有therefore, besides, otherwise, however, moreover, still, thus, meanwhile等；

另一类是用于引导从句或不定式，主要的有when, why, where, how 等。

• 连接副词所作成分

1. 状语
2. 连词

I don't know where he lives.（我不知道他住哪里），where在宾语从句where he lives中作状语

I feel a bit tired. However, I can hold on.（我有点累了,但我能坚持下去），However作连词起转折左右那个

• 连接副词代码

/**
 * @Author: Wen-Xueliang
 * @Date: Created in 2019/8/11 23:11
 * @Description: 连接副词:连接副词用于连接句子或引导名词性从句。
 */
public class ConjunctiveAdverb {

    //用于连接句子或从句
    public static String THAT = "that";
    public static String WHETHER = "whether";
    public static String IF = "if";
    public static String AS_IF = "as if";
    public static String AS_THOUGH = "as though";

    //用于引导从句或不定式
    public static String WHEN = "when";
    public static String WHENEVER = "whenever";
    public static String WHERE = "where";
    public static String WHEREVER = "wherever";
    public static String HOW = "how";
    public static String HOWEVER = "however";
    public static String WHY = "why";
}

2.8 表顺序副词

• 表顺序副词定义

用于表示先后顺序

• 表顺序副词分类

first，then，next，finally，afterwards，primarily

• 表顺序副词所作成分

1. 状语

First, take the bus. Next, take the subway.（首先，坐公交车。接着，坐地铁），First和Next作状语修饰句子

• 表顺序副词代码

/**
 * @Author: Wen-Xueliang
 * @Date: Created in 2019/8/11 23:20
 * @Description: 表顺序副词：用于表示先后顺序
 */
public class SequenceAdverb {
}

2.9 频率副词

• 频率副词定义

用于提供关于动词发生频率的信息

• 频率副词分类

可按频率的程度分

1. 总是-100%（all the time、always）
2. 几乎-90%（almost）
3. 经常-70%（usually、generally、often、frequently、regularly）
4. 多半、有时-50%（as often as not、sometimes、at times）
5. 偶然-30%（occasionlly、from time to time）
6. 很少-10%（seldom、hardly ever、rarely）
7. 从不-0%（never）

• 频率副词所作成分

1. 作状语 

I will always love you.（我将永远爱你），always作状语修饰动词love

• 频率副词代码

/**
 * @Author: Wen-Xueliang
 * @Date: Created in 2019/7/30 22:13
 * @Description: 频率副词：用于提供关于动词发生频率的信息
 */
public class FrequencyAdverb extends Adverb {

    //总是 100%
    public static String ALL_THE_TIME = "all the time";
    public static String ALWAYS = "always";

    //几乎 90%
    public static String ALMOST = "almost";

    //经常70%
    public static String USUALLY = "usually";
    public static String GENERALLY = "generally";
    public static String OFTEN = "often";
    public static String FREQUENTLY = "frequently";
    public static String REGULARLY = "regularly";

    //多半，有时 50%
    public static String AS_OFTEN_AS_NOT = "as often as not";
    public static String SOMETIMES = "sometimes";
    public static String AT_TIMES = "at times";

    //偶然 30%
    public static String OCCASIONALLY = "occasionally";
    public static String FROM_TIME_TO_TIME = "from time to time";

    //很少 10%
    public static String SELDOM = "seldom";
    public static String HARDLY_EVER = "hardly ever";
    public static String RARELY = "rarely";

    //从不 0%
    public static String NEVER = "never";
}