[英语语法]词法之动词:情态动词

本博文源于《语法知识清单》。情态动词主要用以表明说话者对某一行为的态度或观点,主要包括揣测、判断、需要、可能、各种意愿等。英语中常用的情态动词有can,could,may,might,must,will,would,shall,should,ought to,dare,need,had better,have to等.

情态动词的用法

can和could的用法

表示能力,意为“能,会”(could为can的过去式,表过去的能力)
  • Some of us can use the computer now,but we couldn’t 10 years ago.
表示允许或请求,意为“可以”(could与can没有时间上的差别,用could比用can在语气上更委婉、客气、could一般用于疑问句中,肯定回答时要改用can)
  • You can park your car here 你可以把车停在这里.
can表示客观上的可能性,意为“有时会”,多用于肯定句
  • Children can be noisy sometimes.
表示推测,can和could一般用于否定句或疑问句(could偶尔也会在肯定句中出现),could只表示可能性比can小,而不表示时态
  • There’s no light on—they can’t be at home.
could have done 表示“本能做但没做”;couldn’t have done表示“过去不可能做某事”
  • We could have gone there on foot and a taxi wasn’t necessary at all.

构成的短语和特殊句式

cannot/can’t…too/enough 表示“无论怎样…都不过分,越…越好”,有时cannot/can’t可用can never替代
  • We can’t thank you too much for what you’ve done for us.
can’t hepl doing 禁不住做,can’t help (to) do不能帮忙做
  • The movie is so funny.I can’t help laughing.
can’t help it 无计可施;忍不住
  • I couldn’t help it if the bus was late.
as…as+主语+can/could 尽可能 = as…as possible
  • Please come here as early as you can.
cannot,could not与比较级连用,表示最高级的意思
  • It couldn’t be better.
  • She couldn’t have chosen a better gift for me.

may和might的用法

表示允许或请求,意为“可以”,在疑问句中给用might比用may的语气更加委婉
  • You may come if you wish.
表可能,用于肯定句和否定句中,might不表时态,只表可能性比may要小一些
  • She mightn’t have heard you when you greeted her.
might have done可表示过去可能会发生某事而实际上并未发生
  • That was too dangerous.You might have killed yourself.
“May+主语+动词原形”表示祝愿
  • May she rest in peace.愿她安息

构成的短语和句式

may/might(just ) as well do意为“还是做…的好,最好做…”
  • We may as well stay where we are.
may/might/well 意为 “很可能…(相当于 be very likely)”
  • You may well get confused.

must和have to的用法区别

must强调说话者的主观意愿;have to强调客观上的必要性,意为“不得不”
  • We must be home by six.
must只有一种形式;have to有人称、数和时态的变化(如has to,had to,will have to)
  • I shall have to go there next week.
must的否定形式为mustn’t,意为“不许,禁止”;have to的否定形式要借助于助动词do的某种形式(如don’t have to,doesn’t have to,didn’t have to),意为“没必要,不必”,相当于needn’t
  • We don’t have to hurry,for there plenty of time.

情态动词使用的几个关键问题

情态动词表示“推测”的用法

can,could,may,might,must表主观的推测

肯定句中用must,may,might;否定句钟用can,could,may,might;疑问句中用can,could。
  • She must be in the classroom now.
表示对目前动作和状态的推测用情态动词+动原;表示正在发生推测情态动词+doing;表示对已经发生推测情态动词+have+done
  • She can’t be watching TV now.
should和ought to表示根据常规、事实、经验作出的判断,意为“想必,应该”
  • Today is Sunday and our teacher should be at home.

情态动词+have done的用法

[英语语法]词法之动词:情态动词_第1张图片

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