新手学习Django,本文学习的文档是《Django Web开发指南》。好了我也是新手，没什么好说了，go！～
首先先确定环境，我是在linux(Ubuntu14.04 gnome)下。
自带python2.7.6
我是用mysql数据库，没有的请下载 sudo apt-get install mysql-server-5.5
接下来准备下载Django了，首先我是用sudo pip install Django==1.7.1(如果没有pip工具，请自行下载或则其他方式下载Django)。
下载完Django之后接着下载MySQL-python(貌似是python跟mysql进行交互的东西吧) pip install MySQL-python
#终端内进入python
>>>import django
>>>django.VERSION #在python命令行中测试django是否成功安装
>>>import MySQLdb #如果没有任何错误就是安装成功了
准备好了，接下来就是blog项目。
打开终端进入你要建立的项目下面
~tool/myproject $ django-admin.py startproject mysite #建立一个Django的项目mysite ~tool/myproject $ cd mysite ~tool/myproject/mysite$ ls -l 总用量:24 (total:24) -rwxr-xr-x 1 zrl zrl 249 12月 11 20:59 manage.py drwxrwxr-x 2 zrl zrl 4096 12月 11 21:05 mysite ~tool/myproject/mysite$ ./manager.py runserver #或者python manager.py runserver都可以
#如果出现下面的错误
You have unapplied migrations; your app may not work properly until they are applied. Run 'python manage.py migrate' to apply them.
#解决方法
python manage.py migrate #它可以让我们在修改Model后可以在不影响现有数据的前提下重建表结构。 ~/tool/microblog/mysite$ python manage.py migrate Operations to perform: Apply all migrations: admin, contenttypes, auth, sessions Running migrations: Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK Applying auth.0001_initial... OK Applying admin.0001_initial... OK Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK
#最后在启动一下
~/tool/microblog/mysite$ python manage.py runserver Performing system checks... System check identified no issues (0 silenced). December 11, 2014 - 13:04:36 Django version 1.7.1, using settings 'mysite.settings' Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/ Quit the server with CONTROL-C.
出现这个就成功啦～ 
接下来就是用manage.py创建这个blog app
~/tool/microblog/mysite$ ./manage.py startapp blog ~/tool/microblog/mysite$ ls -l blog/ 总用量 20 -rw-r--r-- 1 zrl zrl 63 12月 12 17:55 admin.py -rw-r--r-- 1 zrl zrl 0 12月 12 17:55 __init__.py drwxrwxr-x 2 zrl zrl 4096 12月 12 17:55 migrations -rw-r--r-- 1 zrl zrl 57 12月 12 17:55 models.py -rw-r--r-- 1 zrl zrl 60 12月 12 17:55 tests.py -rw-r--r-- 1 zrl zrl 63 12月 12 17:55 views.py
接着需要去setting.py文件中找到INSTALLED_APPS元组.把你的app以模块的形式添加到元组里,就像这样
'blog',
)
然后去blog中,打开models.py 加入
class BlogPost(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=150) body = models.TextField() timestamp = models.DateTimeField()
接着就是修改 settings.py文件，找到DATABASE
#连接一下数据库，我的是用mysql
DATABASES = { 'default': { 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', 'NAME': 'djangodb', 'HOST': 'localhost', 'USER': 'root', 'PASSWORD': 'password', } }
现在你可以告诉Django用你提供的连接信息去连接数据库并且设置应用程序所需的表。
命令很简单：./manage.py syncdb
~/tool/microblog/mysite$ ./manage.py syncdb
Operations to perform:
Apply all migrations: admin, contenttypes, auth, sessions
Running migrations:
Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK
Applying auth.0001_initial... OK
Applying admin.0001_initial... OK
Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK
You have installed Django's auth system, and don't have any superusers defined.
Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes
Username (leave blank to use 'user'): username 账号
Email address: [email protected] 邮箱
Password: 密码
Password (again): 再输入一次密码
Superuser created successfully.
上面这样就算成功了。。
打开blog中的models.py文件
#添加以下的代码
from django.db import models from django.contrib import admin class BlogsPost(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=150) body = models.TextField() timestamp = models.DateTimeField() admin.site.register(BlogsPost)
继续重新输入./manage.py syncdb，如果出现
Operations to perform: Apply all migrations: admin, contenttypes, auth, sessions Running migrations: No migrations to apply. Your models have changes that are not yet reflected in a migration, and so won't be applied. Run 'manage.py makemigrations' to make new migrations, and then re-run 'manage.py migrate' to apply them. The following content types are stale and need to be deleted: blog | blogpost Any objects related to these content types by a foreign key will also be deleted. Are you sure you want to delete these content types? If you're unsure, answer 'no'. Type 'yes' to continue, or 'no' to cancel: yes
上面已经写了，要运行./manage.py makemigrations 然后再运行 ./manage.py migrate
然后继续 运行 ./manage.py syncdb
~/tool/microblog/mysite$ ./manage.py makemigrations
~/tool/microblog/mysite$ ./manage.py migrate
~/tool/microblog/mysite$ ./manage.py syncdb
接着就可以开启看看效果了
貌似这效果看的不是很爽，我们来改改吧。打开blog下的models.py修改一下
from django.db import models from django.contrib import admin class BlogsPost(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=150) body = models.TextField() timestamp = models.DateTimeField() class BlogPostAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('title','timestamp') admin.site.register(BlogsPost,BlogPostAdmin)
从Django的角度看，一个页面具有三个典型的组件：
一个模板（template）：模板负责把传递进来的信息显示出来。
一个视图（viw）：视图负责从数据库获取需要显示的信息。
一个URL模式：它负责把收到的请求和你的试图函数匹配，有时候也会向视图传递一些参数。
打开mysite/blog/views.py文件：
from django.shortcuts import render from django.template import loader,Context from django.http import HttpResponse from blog.models import BlogsPost # Create your views here. def archive(request): posts = BlogsPost.objects.all() t = loader.get_template("archive.html") c = Context({'posts':posts}) return HttpResponse(t.render(c))
posts = BlogPost.objects.all() ：获取数据库里面所拥有BlogPost对象
t = loader.get_template("archive.html")：加载模板
c = Context({'posts':posts})：模板的渲染的数据是有一个字典类的对象Context提供，这里的是一对键值对。
创建blog模板，在archive.html将for的块标签(block tag)，{% .... %}添加进去
{% for post in posts %}
{{ post.title }}
{{ post.timestamp | date:"1,F jS"}}
{{ post.body }}
{% endfor %}
创建一个URL模式，虽然可以在mysite/urls.py中创建所需的URL模式，不过这样会在项目和app之间制造混乱的耦合。
所以我们要将mysite/urls.py里有一行注释的示例几乎是我们所需要的代码。
url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls')),
接着在blog下面创建一个urls.py，将一下代码写入
from django.conf.urls import * from blog.views import archive urlpatterns = patterns('', url(r'^$',archive), )
来启动一下，看看效果如何 ./manage.py runserver
貌似看起来好搓。我们来稍微修改一下吧，看起来爽点。
接着在blog/templates下创建一个base.html将代码写入
Just-so-so
{% block content %}
{% endblock %}
再将blog/template下的archive.html的文件，引用base.html且和他的'content'块
{% extends "base.html" %}
{% block content %}
{% for post in posts %}
{{ post.title }}
{{ post.timestamp | date:"1,F jS"}}
{{ post.body }}
{% endfor %}
{% endblock %}
再次刷新页面
终于完成了这个blog，虽然碰到了很多问题。但是学习到的东西还是很多的～