Python实现数据结构

1、单链表

class Node(object):
    """节点"""
    def __init__(self, elem):
        self.elem = elem
        self.next = None

class SingleLinkList(object):
    """单链表"""
    def __init__(self, node=None):
        self.__head = node

    def is_empty(self):
        """链表是否为空"""
        return self.__head == None

    def length(self):
        """链表长度"""
        # cur游标，用来移动遍历节点
        cur = self.__head
        # count记录数量
        count = 0
        while cur != None:
            count += 1
            cur = cur.next
        return count

    def travel(self):
        """遍历整个链表"""
        cur = self.__head
        while cur != None:
            print(cur.elem, end=" ")
            cur = cur.next
        print("")

    def add(self, item):
        """链表头部添加元素，头插法"""
        node = Node(item)
        node.next = self.__head
        self.__head = node

    def append(self, item):
        """链表尾部添加元素, 尾插法"""
        node = Node(item)
        if self.is_empty():
            self.__head = node
        else:
            cur = self.__head
            while cur.next != None:
                cur = cur.next
            cur.next = node

    def insert(self, pos, item):
        """指定位置添加元素
        :param  pos 从0开始
        """
        if pos <= 0:
            self.add(item)
        elif pos > (self.length()-1):
            self.append(item)
        else:
            pre = self.__head
            count = 0
            while count < (pos-1):
                count += 1
                pre = pre.next
            # 当循环退出后，pre指向pos-1位置
            node = Node(item)
            node.next = pre.next
            pre.next = node

    def remove(self, item):
        """删除节点"""
        cur = self.__head
        pre = None
        while cur != None:
            if cur.elem == item:
                # 先判断此结点是否是头节点
                # 头节点
                if cur == self.__head:
                    self.__head = cur.next
                else:
                    pre.next = cur.next
                break
            else:
                pre = cur
                cur = cur.next

    def search(self, item):
        """查找节点是否存在"""
        cur = self.__head
        while cur != None:
            if cur.elem == item:
                return True
            else:
                cur = cur.next
        return False

if __name__ == "__main__":
    ll = SingleLinkList()
    print(ll.is_empty())
    print(ll.length())

    ll.append(1)
    print(ll.is_empty())
    print(ll.length())


    ll.append(2)
    ll.add(8)
    ll.append(3)
    ll.append(4)
    ll.append(5)
    ll.append(6)
    # 8 1 2 3 4 5 6
    ll.insert(-1, 9) # 9 8 1 23456
    ll.travel()
    ll.insert(3, 100) # 9 8 1 100 2 3456
    ll.travel()
    ll.insert(10, 200) # 9 8 1 100 23456 200
    ll.travel()
    ll.remove(100)
    ll.travel()
    ll.remove(9)
    ll.travel()
    ll.remove(200)
    ll.travel()

二叉树

class Node(object):
    """节点类"""
    def __init__(self, item):
        self.elem = item
        self.lchild = None
        self.rchild = None

class Tree(object):
    """二叉树类"""
    def __init__(self,root=None):
        self.root = root

    def add(self, elem):
        """为树添加节点"""
        node = Node(elem)
        #如果树是空的，则对根节点赋值
        if self.root == None:
            self.root = node
        else:
            queue = []
            queue.append(self.root) #queue = [self.root]
            #对已有的节点进行层次遍历
            while queue:
                #弹出队列的第一个元素
                cur = queue.pop(0)
                if cur.lchild == None: #节点为空，新节点赋值
                    cur.lchild = node
                    return
                elif cur.rchild == None:
                    cur.rchild = node
                    return
                else:               #节点不为空，加入队列
                    #如果左右子树都不为空，加入队列继续判断
                    queue.append(cur.lchild)
                    queue.append(cur.rchild)
    def breadth_travel(self):
        """广度遍历 层次遍历"""
        if self.root is None:
            return
        queue=[]
        queue.append(self.root)#queue = [self.root]

        while queue:
            cur_node = queue.pop(0)
            print(cur_node.elem, end=" ")
            if cur_node.lchild is not None:
                queue.append(cur_node.lchild)
            if cur_node.rchild is not None:
                queue.append(cur_node.rchild)


    def preorder(self, root):
        """先序遍历"""
        if root is None:
            return
        print(root.elem, end=" ")
        # print(" lchild ", end=" ")
        self.preorder(root.lchild)
        # print(" rchild ", end=" ")
        self.preorder(root.rchild)

    def inorder(self, node):
        """中序遍历"""
        if node is None:
            return
        self.inorder(node.lchild)
        print(node.elem, end=" ")
        self.inorder(node.rchild)

    def postorder(self, root):
        """后序遍历"""
        if root is None:
            return
        self.postorder(root.lchild)
        self.postorder(root.rchild)
        print(root.elem, end=" ")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    tree = Tree()
    tree.add(0)
    tree.add(1)
    tree.add(2)
    tree.add(3)
    tree.add(4)
    tree.add(5)
    tree.add(6)
    tree.add(7)
    tree.add(8)
    tree.add(9)
    tree.breadth_travel()
    print(" ")
    tree.preorder(tree.root)
    print(" ")
    tree.inorder(tree.root)
    print(" ")
    tree.postorder(tree.root)
    print(" ")