【雷达与对抗】【2011.07】穿墙超宽带雷达成像

本文为瑞典隆德大学（作者：Asif Iqbal & Shabraiz Muhammad）的电子信息技术硕士论文，共98页。

本硕士论文的重点是利用超宽带信号来定位墙后的目标物体，还包括用于产生周围环境的2-D图像的两种移植算法的比较。本文是在瑞典隆德大学电气与信息技术系完成的。穿过墙壁或任何障碍物的视觉能力可以在安全、灾害管理等领域的若干场景中得到应用。

利用超宽带信号穿透墙壁的能力来获得人眼无法看到的环境，即穿越障碍物的信息。UWB信号的时间分辨率非常高，使得我们能够获得高达几厘米的距离分辨率。因此，UWB也可以测量目标的尺寸。UWB雷达在VIVALDI天线9 ～16.5 GHz的频率范围内进行测量，测量采用合成孔径雷达技术。

为UWB雷达选择的移植算法是相移法（使用标量波动方程）和衍射叠加法（使用几何方法）。这两种算法都对目标的位置给出了很好的精度，但是由于相移法的执行速度更快，因此选择了更好的相移方法，此外，与衍射叠加法相比，相移法在2-D图像中由于具有较低的旁瓣电平而提取出精度更高的环境细节。

The focus of this master’s thesis project is to use the Ultra Widebandsignals to locate target objects behind a wall. It also includes the comparisonof two migration algorithms used for generating the 2-D images of theenvironment. The thesis is done at the department of Electrical &Information Technology, LTH, Lund University,Sweden.The ability to see beyond a wall or any obstacle could find its use in severalapplications among the fields of security, disaster management etc.

The ability of Ultra Wideband signals in penetratingthe wall is exploited to get information about the environment unseen by thehuman eye i.e. beyond an obstacle. The time resolution of UWB signals, beingvery high, allows us to get a range resolution up to few centimeters.Consequently, the dimensions of the targets can also be found. The measurementsare done in the frequency domain in the frequency range of 9.0 to16.5 GHz using Vivaldi antennas. Synthetic Aperture Radar technique is used for the measurements.

The migration algorithms selected for the task arePhase-Shift method (using scalar wave equation) and Diffraction Stack algorithm(using geometrical approach). Both algorithms give good accuracy about thelocation of the targets, but the Phase-Shift method is chosen as the better onedue to its faster execution time, extracting higher detail about theenvironment due to lower side lobe levels in the resulting 2-D image ascompared to Diffraction Stack algorithm.

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