javax.naming.NoInitialContextException: Need to specify class name in XXX解决

环境

MyEclipse 8.6 + JBoss 6.0 + JDK 1.6.13 + EJB 3.0

问题

运行EJB程序，出现如下异常：

javax.naming.NoInitialContextException: Need to specify class name in environment or system property, or as an applet parameter, or in an application resource file:  java.naming.factory.initial
	at javax.naming.spi.NamingManager.getInitialContext(NamingManager.java:645)
	at javax.naming.InitialContext.getDefaultInitCtx(InitialContext.java:288)
	at javax.naming.InitialContext.getURLOrDefaultInitCtx(InitialContext.java:325)
	at javax.naming.InitialContext.lookup(InitialContext.java:392)
	at com.wgb.bean.test.HelloWorldBeanTest.testSayHello(HelloWorldBeanTest.java:35)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:44)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:41)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:20)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:28)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunAfters.evaluate(RunAfters.java:31)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:73)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:46)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:180)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:41)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:173)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:28)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunAfters.evaluate(RunAfters.java:31)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:220)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:46)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)

解决

1. 普通EJB项目（通过main方法）不能跑本地接口的项目，只能跑远程接口的；

2. Web项目既能跑远程接口项目又能跑本地接口的项目。

3. 理解：本地接口需要跑在同一个虚拟机上，MyEclipse使用的是一个虚拟机，Jboss使用的又是另一个虚拟机，所以本地接口在普通的EJB项目里不能正常运行；而远程接口就不同，要求接口和实现在不同的地方，所以远程接口在普通的EJB项目里能正常地运行。Web项目Jboss使用的虚拟机只有一个，通过浏览器访问访问的项目是部署在Jboss下的，所以Web项目既能跑远程接口项目，又能跑本地接口项目。