1. 背景
* GTID: 全局事物ID(Global Transaction ID)，在整个事务架构中每一个事务ID号是全局唯一的，不止是在一个节点上而是整个主从复制架构中每任何两个事务的ID号都不会相同。
* GTID就是由当前节点的UUID（一个128位的随机数）和为当前节点生成的自增数（TID）组成的。
* GTID在分布式架构中可以保证数据的一致性。从而也实现了mysql的高可用性。
* MySQL 5.6开始支持。 GTID在复制中代替原有的binlog file和file posistion复制定位。
2. 环境
* Master 服务器环境
mysql> system cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.8 (Final)
mysql> system ifconfig eth0 | sed -rn '2s#^.*addr:(.*) Bca.*$#\1#gp'
172.18.0.1
mysql> show variables like 'version';
+---------------+------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+------------+
| version | 5.7.18-log |
+---------------+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)* Slave 服务器环境
mysql> system cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.8 (Final)
mysql> system ifconfig eth0 | sed -rn '2s#^.*addr:(.*) Bca.*$#\1#gp'
172.18.4.1
mysql> show variables like 'version';
+---------------+------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+------------+
| version | 5.7.18-log |
+---------------+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)* Master my.cnf配置文件
[mysqld] ########basic settings######## # 主从server-id一定要设置不同 server-id = 110 port = 3306 user = mysql bind_address = 0.0.0.0 character_set_server=utf8mb4 skip_name_resolve = 1 datadir = /data/mysql_data log_error = error.log #######replication settings######## # 开启 gtid gtid_mode = on # 强制gtid的一致性 enforce-gtid-consistency = true master_info_repository = TABLE relay_log_info_repository = TABLE # MySQL复制是基于binlog日志的 log_bin = bin.log sync_binlog = 1 log_slave_updates # MySQL binlog格式搭建主从时必须设置为row binlog_format = row relay_log = relay.log relay_log_recovery = 1 slave_skip_errors = ddl_exist_errors ######semi sync replication settings######## # 设置插件目录路径 plugin_dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin # 加载插件 plugin_load = "rpl_semi_sync_master=semisync_master.so;rpl_semi_sync_slave=semisync_slave.so" # 开启master semi sync replication loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = 1 # 开启slave semi sync replication loose_rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = 1 # 等待5秒无ack应答自动切换为异步模式 loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout = 5000
* Slave my.cnf配置文件
[mysqld] ########basic settings######## gtid_mode = on enforce-gtid-consistency = true server-id = 210 port = 3306 user = mysql bind_address = 0.0.0.0 character_set_server=utf8mb4 skip_name_resolve = 1 datadir = /data/mysql_data log_error = error.log #######replication settings######## master_info_repository = TABLE relay_log_info_repository = TABLE log_bin = bin.log sync_binlog = 1 log_slave_updates binlog_format = row # slave上开启只读，避免应用误写导致主从数据不一致 read_only = on relay_log = relay.log relay_log_recovery = 1 binlog_gtid_simple_recovery = 1 slave_skip_errors = ddl_exist_errors ######semi sync replication settings######## plugin_dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin plugin_load = "rpl_semi_sync_master=semisync_master.so;rpl_semi_sync_slave=semisync_slave.so" loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = 1 loose_rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = 1 loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout = 5000 rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_point = AFTER_SYNC rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_for_slave_count = 1
3. 搭建基于GTID半同步复制主从
* master 创建复制所使用的用户 [ 此处ip设置为slave服务IP或者% ]
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'rpl'@'172.18.4.1' identified by '123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)* slave服务器上配置连接master信息
未开启slave服务时，Slave_IO_Running与Slave_SQL_Running状态成No
mysql> show slave status; # 未开启复制功能时，slave状态是空的
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> change master to master_host='172.18.0.1',master_user='rpl',master_password='123',master_auto_position=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.02 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State:
Master_Host: 172.18.0.1
Master_User: rpl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File:
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 4
Relay_Log_File: relay.000001
Relay_Log_Pos: 4
Relay_Master_Log_File:
Slave_IO_Running: No
Slave_SQL_Running: No
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 0
Relay_Log_Space: 154
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 0
Master_UUID:
Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State:
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set: e5b2d96a-7047-11e7-b39c-00163e028c02:1
Auto_Position: 1
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)* 开启slave服务，并查看状态
正常开启slave服务后，Slave_IO_Running与Slave_SQL_Running状态成Yes
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 172.18.0.1
Master_User: rpl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: bin.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 689
Relay_Log_File: relay.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 890
Relay_Master_Log_File: bin.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 689
Relay_Log_Space: 1087
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 110
Master_UUID: aaa45482-7047-11e7-a7b3-00163e0432c5
Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set: aaa45482-7047-11e7-a7b3-00163e0432c5:1-2
Executed_Gtid_Set: aaa45482-7047-11e7-a7b3-00163e0432c5:1-2,
e5b2d96a-7047-11e7-b39c-00163e028c02:1
Auto_Position: 1
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)* master 查看slave连接信息
mysql> show slave hosts;
+-----------+------+------+-----------+--------------------------------------+
| Server_id | Host | Port | Master_id | Slave_UUID |
+-----------+------+------+-----------+--------------------------------------+
| 210 | | 3306 | 110 | e5b2d96a-7047-11e7-b39c-00163e028c02 |
+-----------+------+------+-----------+--------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)* Master上操作创建数据库与表，并插入数据
mysql> create database mytest character set utf8mb4;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> use mytest;
Database changed
mysql> create table a(data INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT)ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> insert into a select null;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> insert into a select null;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> insert into a select null;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from a;
+------+
| data |
+------+
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 3 |
+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
* slave上查看
mysql> select * from mytest.a;
+------+
| data |
+------+
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 3 |
+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
4. slave误写，gtid错误解决
* master数据查看
mysql> select * from mytest.a;
+------+
| data |
+------+
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 3 |
+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
* slave数据查看
mysql> select * from mytest.a;
+------+
| data |
+------+
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 3 |
+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)* slave数据误写
mysql> insert into mytest.a select null;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from mytest.a;
+------+
| data |
+------+
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 3 |
| 4 |
+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)* master相同数据插入
mysql> insert into a select null;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from a;
+------+
| data |
+------+
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 3 |
| 4 |
+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)* slave服务器状态查看 报1062错误，SQL线程停止工作，由于开启gtid不能设置跳过错误
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 172.18.0.1
Master_User: rpl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: bin.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 5768
Relay_Log_File: relay.000005
Relay_Log_Pos: 1354
Relay_Master_Log_File: bin.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: No
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 1062
Last_Error: Could not execute Write_rows event on table mytest.a; Duplicate entry '4' for key 'PRIMARY', Error_code: 1062; handler error HA_ERR_FOUND_DUPP_KEY; the event's master log bin.000002, end_log_pos 5737
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 5512
Relay_Log_Space: 2601
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 1062
Last_SQL_Error: Could not execute Write_rows event on table mytest.a; Duplicate entry '4' for key 'PRIMARY', Error_code: 1062; handler error HA_ERR_FOUND_DUPP_KEY; the event's master log bin.000002, end_log_pos 5737
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 110
Master_UUID: aaa45482-7047-11e7-a7b3-00163e0432c5
Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State:
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 170724 17:15:51
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set: aaa45482-7047-11e7-a7b3-00163e0432c5:10-23
Executed_Gtid_Set: aaa45482-7047-11e7-a7b3-00163e0432c5:1-22,
e5b2d96a-7047-11e7-b39c-00163e028c02:1-5
Auto_Position: 1
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)* slave服务器停止复制
mysql> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)* 设置gtid下一次执行 通过Retrieved_Gtid_Set和Executed_Gtid_Set得到未执行的gtid
mysql> set gtid_next = 'aaa45482-7047-11e7-a7b3-00163e0432c5:23';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)* 执行空事物
mysql> begin;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)* 设置gtid下一次自动寻找gtid事物
mysql> set gtid_next = 'automatic';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)* slave服务器开启复制
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)* slave服务器查看状态 SQL线程正常开启工作
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 172.18.0.1
Master_User: rpl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: bin.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 5768
Relay_Log_File: relay.000006
Relay_Log_Pos: 436
Relay_Master_Log_File: bin.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 5768
Relay_Log_Space: 2089
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 110
Master_UUID: aaa45482-7047-11e7-a7b3-00163e0432c5
Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set: aaa45482-7047-11e7-a7b3-00163e0432c5:10-23
Executed_Gtid_Set: aaa45482-7047-11e7-a7b3-00163e0432c5:1-23,
e5b2d96a-7047-11e7-b39c-00163e028c02:1-5
Auto_Position: 1
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)5. 总结
以需求驱动技术，技术本身没有优略之分，只有业务之分。