原文链接:
https://blog.csdn.net/sinat_34596644/article/details/53080026
另一大佬:
首先编写Student和Teacher两个类
test/Student.java
public class Student {
private String name;
private Teacher teacher;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Teacher getTeacher() {
return teacher;
}
public void setTeacher(Teacher teacher) {
this.teacher = teacher;
}
}
test/Teacher.java
public class Teacher {
private String name;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
方法一:基于XML的bean定义(需要提供setter方法)
public class Main {
public static void main(String args[]){
FileSystemXmlApplicationContext context=new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml的绝对路径");
Student student= (Student) context.getBean("student");
Teacher teacher= (Teacher) context.getBean("teacher");
System.out.println("学生的姓名:"+student.getName()+"。老师是"+student.getTeacher().getName());
System.out.println("老师的姓名:"+teacher.getName());
}
}
方法二:基于注解的bean定义(不需要提供setter方法)
Spring为此提供了四个注解,这些注解的作用与上面的XML定义bean效果一致,在于将组件交给Spring容器管理。组件的名称默认是类名(首字母变小写),也可以自己修改:
@Component:当对组件的层次难以定位的时候使用这个注解
@Controller:表示控制层的组件
@Service:表示业务逻辑层的组件
@Repository:表示数据访问层的组件
使用这些注解的时候还有一个地方需要注意,就是需要在applicationContext.xml中声明contex:component-scan...一项,指明Spring容器扫描组件的包目录。
@Component("teacher")
public class Teacher {
@Value("李四")
private String name;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
}
@Component("student")
public class Student {
@Value("张三")
private String name;
@Resource
private Teacher teacher;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public Teacher getTeacher() {
return teacher;
}
}
public class Main {
public static void main(String args[]){
FileSystemXmlApplicationContext context=new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml的绝对路径");
Student student= (Student) context.getBean("student");
Teacher teacher= (Teacher) context.getBean("teacher");
System.out.println("学生的姓名:"+student.getName()+"。老师是"+student.getTeacher().getName());
System.out.println("老师的姓名:"+teacher.getName());
}
}
方法三:基于Java类的bean定义(需要提供setter方法)
@Configuration
public class BeansConfiguration {
@Bean
public Student student(){
Student student=new Student();
student.setName("张三");
student.setTeacher(teacher());
return student;
}
@Bean
public Teacher teacher(){
Teacher teacher=new Teacher();
teacher.setName("李四");
return teacher;
}
}
public class Main {
public static void main(String args[]){
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context=new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(BeansConfiguration.class);
Student student= (Student) context.getBean("student");
Teacher teacher= (Teacher) context.getBean("teacher");
System.out.println("学生的姓名:"+student.getName()+"。老师是"+student.getTeacher().getName());
System.out.println("老师的姓名:"+teacher.getName());
}
}
Spring提供了五种自动装配的类型
no:顾名思义, 显式指明不使用Spring的自动装配功能
byName:根据属性和组件的名称匹配关系来实现bean的自动装配
byType:根据属性和组件的类型匹配关系来实现bean的自动装配,有多个适合类型的对象时装配失败
constructor:与byType类似是根据类型进行自动装配,但是要求待装配的bean有相应的构造函数
autodetect:利用Spring的自省机制判断使用byType或是constructor装配
基于XML的自动装配
这里我并没有显式为Student对象注入Teacher属性,而是使用autowired="byName"代替,这样一来Spring会帮我们处理这些细节,将名字是teacher的组件注入到Student对象中。
基于注解的自动装配
@Resource默认是使用byName进行装配,@Autowired默认使用byType进行装配。
@Component("teacher")
public class Teacher {
@Value("李四")
private String name;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
@Component("student")
public class Student {
@Value("张三")
private String name;
@Resource
private Teacher teacher;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Teacher getTeacher() {
return teacher;
}
public void setTeacher(Teacher teacher) {
this.teacher = teacher;
}
}