根据oracle的rowid去重问题

Oracle中如何利用Rowid查找和删除表中的重复记录

 

平时工作中可能会遇到当试图对库表中的某一列或几列创建唯一索引时,系统提示 ORA-01452 :不能创建唯一索引,发现重复记录。

 

下面总结一下几种查找和删除重复记录的方法(以表CZ为例):

CZ的结构如下:

SQL>desc cz

 Name                                     Null?    Type

 ------------------------------------------------- ------------------

 

 C1                                                NUMBER(10)

 C10                                               NUMBER(5)

 C20                                               VARCHAR2(3)

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删除重复记录的方法原理:

(1).Oracle中,每一条记录都有一个rowidrowid在整个数据库中是唯一的,rowid确定了每条记录是在Oracle中的哪一个数据文件、块、行上。

 

(2).在重复的记录中,可能所有列的内容都相同,但rowid不会相同,所以只要确定出重复记录中那些具有最大rowid的就可以了,其余全部删除。

 

重复记录判断的标准是:

C1,C10C20这三列的值都相同才算是重复记录。

 

经查看表CZ总共有16条记录:

SQL>setpagesize 100

SQL>select* from cz;

 

         C1        C10 C20

-------------------- ---

         1          2  dsf

         1          2  dsf

         1          2  dsf

         1          2  dsf

         2          3  che

         1          2  dsf

         1          2  dsf

         1          2  dsf

         1          2  dsf

         2          3  che

         2          3  che

         2          3  che

         2          3  che

         3          4  dff

         3          4  dff

         3          4  dff

         4          5  err

         5          3  dar

         6          1  wee

         7          2  zxc

 

20rows selected.

 

1.查找重复记录的几种方法:

(1).SQL>select* from cz group by c1,c10,c20 having count(*) >1;

        C1        C10 C20

-------------------- ---

         1          2  dsf

         2          3  che

         3          4  dff

 

(2).SQL>selectdistinct * from cz;

 

        C1        C10 C20

-------------------- ---

         1          2  dsf

         2          3  che

         3          4  dff

 

(3).SQL>select* from cz a where rowid=(select max(rowid) from cz where c1=a.c1 and c10=a.c10and c20=a.c20);

        C1        C10 C20

-------------------- ---

         1          2  dsf

         2          3  che

         3          4  dff

 

2.删除重复记录的几种方法:

(1).适用于有大量重复记录的情况(C1,C10C20列上建有索引的时候,用以下语句效率会很高)

SQL>deletecz where (c1,c10,c20) in (select c1,c10,c20 from cz group by c1,c10,c20 havingcount(*)>1) and rowid not in

(selectmin(rowid) from cz group by c1,c10,c20 having count(*)>1);

 

SQL>deletecz where rowid not in(select min(rowid) from cz group by c1,c10,c20);

 

(2).适用于有少量重复记录的情况(注意,对于有大量重复记录的情况,用以下语句效率会很低)

SQL>deletefrom cz a where a.rowid!=(select max(rowid) from cz b where a.c1=b.c1 anda.c10=b.c10 and a.c20=b.c20);

 

SQL>deletefrom cz a where a.rowid<(select max(rowid) from cz b where a.c1=b.c1 anda.c10=b.c10 and a.c20=b.c20);

 

SQL>deletefrom cz a where rowid <(select max(rowid) from cz  where c1=a.c1 and c10=a.c10 and c20=a.c20);

 

(3).适用于有少量重复记录的情况(临时表法)

SQL>create table test as selectdistinct * from cz; (建一个临时表test用来存放重复的记录)

 

SQL>truncate table cz;  (清空cz表的数据,但保留cz表的结构)

 

SQL>insert into cz select * fromtest;  (再将临时表test里的内容反插回来)

 

(4).适用于有大量重复记录的情况(Exception into 子句法)

采用alter table 命令中的 Exception into 子句也可以确定出库表中重复的记录。这种方法稍微麻烦一些,为了使用“excepeion into ”子句,必须首先创建 EXCEPTIONS 表。创建该表的 SQL 脚本文件为 utlexcpt.sql 。对于win2000系统和 UNIX 系统, Oracle 存放该文件的位置稍有不同,在win2000系统下,该脚本文件存放在$ORACLE_HOME\Ora90\rdbms\admin 目录下;而对于 UNIX 系统,该脚本文件存放在$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin 目录下。

 

具体步骤如下:

SQL>@?/rdbms/admin/utlexcpt.sql

 

Tablecreated.

 

SQL>descexceptions

 Name                                     Null?    Type

 ------------------------------------------------- --------------

 

 ROW_ID                                            ROWID

 OWNER                                             VARCHAR2(30)

 TABLE_NAME                                 VARCHAR2(30)

 CONSTRAINT                                   VARCHAR2(30)

 

SQL>altertable cz add constraint  cz_uniqueunique(c1,c10,c20) exceptions into exceptions;

                                                     *

ERRORat line 1:

ORA-02299:cannot validate (TEST.CZ_UNIQUE) - duplicate keys found

 

SQL>createtable dups as select * from cz where rowid in (select row_id from exceptions);

 

Tablecreated.

 

SQL>select* from dups;

 

        C1        C10 C20

-------------------- ---

         1          2  dsf

         1          2  dsf

         1          2  dsf

         1          2  dsf

         2          3  che

         1          2  dsf

         1          2  dsf

         1          2  dsf

         1          2  dsf

         2          3  che

         2          3  che

         2          3  che

         2          3  che

         3          4  dff

         3          4  dff

         3          4  dff

 

16rows selected.

 

SQL>selectrow_id from exceptions;

 

ROW_ID

------------------

AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAA

AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAB

AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAC

AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAF

AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAH

AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAI

AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAG

AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAD

AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAE

AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAJ

AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAK

AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAL

AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAM

AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAN

AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAO

AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAP

 

16rows selected.

 

SQL>deletefrom cz where rowid in ( select row_id from exceptions);

 

16rows deleted.

 

SQL>insertinto cz select distinct * from dups;

 

3rows created.

 

SQL>select*from cz;

 

        C1        C10 C20

-------------------- ---

         1          2  dsf

         2          3  che

         3          4  dff

         4          5  err

         5          3  dar

         6          1  wee

         7          2  zxc

 

7rows selected.

 

从结果里可以看到重复记录已经删除。

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