Spring Boot 入门案例与配置说明

一.Spring Boot简介

官网地址:http://spring.io/projects/spring-boot

Spring Boot可以轻松创建可以运行的独立的,生产级的基于Spring的应用程序。我们对Spring平台和第三方库进行了一种自以为是的观点,这样您就可以轻松上手了。大多数Spring Boot应用程序只需要很少的Spring配置。

您可以使用Spring Boot创建可以使用java -jar或更传统的war部署启动的Java应用程序 。我们还提供了一个运行“spring脚本”的命令行工具。

我们的主要目标是:

  • 为所有Spring开发提供从根本上更快且可广泛访问的入门体验。
  • 开箱即用,但随着需求开始偏离默认值而迅速摆脱困境。
  • 提供大型项目(例如嵌入式服务器,安全性,度量标准,运行状况检查和外部化配置)通用的一系列非功能性功能。
  • 绝对没有代码生成,也不需要XML配置。

Spring Boot 入门案例与配置说明_第1张图片

背景:

J2EE笨重的开发、繁多的配置、低下的开发效率、复杂的部署流程、第三方技术集成难度大。

优点:

快速创建独立运行的Spring项目以及与主流框架集成

使用嵌入式的Servlet容器,应用无需打成WAR包

starters自动依赖与版本控制

大量的自动配置,简化开发,也可修改默认值

无需配置XML,无代码生成,开箱即用

准生产环境的运行时应用监控

与云计算的天然集成

解决:

“Spring全家桶”时代。Spring Boot à J2EE一站式解决方案Spring Cloud à 分布式整体解决方。

单体应用

Spring Boot 入门案例与配置说明_第2张图片

微服务

Spring Boot 入门案例与配置说明_第3张图片

二.Spring Boot入门

1. 环境准备

jdk1.8    

maven3.x

IntelliJ IDEA 2018

Spring Boot 2.0.5.RELEASE需要Java 8或9以及 Spring Framework 5.0.9.RELEASE或更高版本。

Spring Boot文档参考指南 :https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/2.0.5.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/#getting-started-system-requirements-servlet-containers

2. 创建maven项目

编辑pom.xml文件,引入相关依赖

"1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
"http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    4.0.0

    com.xyg
    spring-boot
    1.0-SNAPSHOT

    
    
        org.springframework.boot
        spring-boot-starter-parent
        2.0.5.RELEASE
    

    
    
        
            org.springframework.boot
            spring-boot-starter-web
        
    
org.springframework.boot spring-boot-maven-plugin

3. 创建主程序引导类

package com.xyg;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

/**
 * Author: Mr.Deng
 * Date: 2018/9/14
 * Desc: @SpringBootConfiguration来标注一个主程序类,说明这是一个springboot应用
 */
@SpringBootApplication
public class HelloWorldApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //springboot应用启动起来,run方法里第一个是应用主程序类名,第二个是应用参数
        SpringApplication.run(HelloWorldApplication.class,args);
    }
}

编写Controller层Service

package com.xyg.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

/**
 * Author: Mr.Deng
 * Date: 2018/9/14
 * Desc: 编写Controller层,发送hello请求
 */

@Controller
public class HelloController {

    @ResponseBody
    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String Hello(){
       return "Hello World!";
    }
}

4. 启动程序测试

Spring Boot 入门案例与配置说明_第4张图片

执行主程序里的main方法,控制台输出如下信息

D:\Develop\Java\jdk1.8\bin\java "-javaagent:D:\IDEA\IntelliJ IDEA 2018.1\lib\idea_rt.jar=62470:D:\IDEA\IntelliJ IDEA 2018.1\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath D:\Develop\Java\jdk1.8\jre\lib\charsets.jar;D:\Develop\Java\jdk1.8\jre\lib\deploy.jar;D:\Develop\Java\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;D:\Develop\Java\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;D:\Develop\Java\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;D:\Develop\Java\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;D:\Develop\Java\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;D:\Develop\Java\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;D:\Develop\Java\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;D:\Develop\Java\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;D:\Develop\Java\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;D:\Develop\Java\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;D:\Develop\Java\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;D:\Develop\Java\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;D:\Develop\Java\jdk1.8\jre\lib\javaws.jar;D:\Develop\Java\jdk1.8\jre\lib\jce.jar;D:\Develop\Java\jdk1.8\jre\lib\jfr.jar;D:\Develop\Java\jdk1.8\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;D:\Develop\Java\jdk1.8\jre\lib\jsse.jar;D:\Develop\Java\jdk1.8\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;D:\Develop\Java\jdk1.8\jre\lib\plugin.jar;D:\Develop\Java\jdk1.8\jre\lib\resources.jar;D:\Develop\Java\jdk1.8\jre\lib\rt.jar;D:\IDEA\WorkSpace\spring-boot\target\classes;D:\Develop\maven\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-web\2.0.5.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-web-2.0.5.RELEASE.jar;D:\Develop\maven\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter\2.0.5.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-2.0.5.RELEASE.jar;D:\Develop\maven\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot\2.0.5.RELEASE\spring-boot-2.0.5.RELEASE.jar;D:\Develop\maven\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-autoconfigure\2.0.5.RELEASE\spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.0.5.RELEASE.jar;D:\Develop\maven\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-logging\2.0.5.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-logging-2.0.5.RELEASE.jar;D:\Develop\maven\repository\ch\qos\logback\logback-classic\1.2.3\logback-classic-1.2.3.jar;D:\Develop\maven\repository\ch\qos\logback\logback-core\1.2.3\logback-core-1.2.3.jar;D:\Develop\maven\repository\org\slf4j\slf4j-api\1.7.25\slf4j-api-1.7.25.jar;D:\Develop\maven\repository\org\apache\logging\log4j\log4j-to-slf4j\2.10.0\log4j-to-slf4j-2.10.0.jar;D:\Develop\maven\repository\org\apache\logging\log4j\log4j-api\2.10.0\log4j-api-2.10.0.jar;D:\Develop\maven\repository\org\slf4j\jul-to-slf4j\1.7.25\jul-to-slf4j-1.7.25.jar;D:\Develop\maven\repository\javax\annotation\javax.annotation-api\1.3.2\javax.annotation-api-1.3.2.jar;D:\Develop\maven\repository\org\springframework\spring-core\5.0.9.RELEASE\spring-core-5.0.9.RELEASE.jar;D:\Develop\maven\repository\org\springframework\spring-jcl\5.0.9.RELEASE\spring-jcl-5.0.9.RELEASE.jar;D:\Develop\maven\repository\org\yaml\snakeyaml\1.19\snakeyaml-1.19.jar;D:\Develop\maven\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-json\2.0.5.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-json-2.0.5.RELEASE.jar;D:\Develop\maven\repository\com\fasterxml\jackson\core\jackson-databind\2.9.6\jackson-databind-2.9.6.jar;D:\Develop\maven\repository\com\fasterxml\jackson\core\jackson-annotations\2.9.0\jackson-annotations-2.9.0.jar;D:\Develop\maven\repository\com\fasterxml\jackson\core\jackson-core\2.9.6\jackson-core-2.9.6.jar;D:\Develop\maven\repository\com\fasterxml\jackson\datatype\jackson-datatype-jdk8\2.9.6\jackson-datatype-jdk8-2.9.6.jar;D:\Develop\maven\repository\com\fasterxml\jackson\datatype\jackson-datatype-jsr310\2.9.6\jackson-datatype-jsr310-2.9.6.jar;D:\Develop\maven\repository\com\fasterxml\jackson\module\jackson-module-parameter-names\2.9.6\jackson-module-parameter-names-2.9.6.jar;D:\Develop\maven\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-tomcat\2.0.5.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-tomcat-2.0.5.RELEASE.jar;D:\Develop\maven\repository\org\apache\tomcat\embed\tomcat-embed-core\8.5.34\tomcat-embed-core-8.5.34.jar;D:\Develop\maven\repository\org\apache\tomcat\embed\tomcat-embed-el\8.5.34\tomcat-embed-el-8.5.34.jar;D:\Develop\maven\repository\org\apache\tomcat\embed\tomcat-embed-websocket\8.5.34\tomcat-embed-websocket-8.5.34.jar;D:\Develop\maven\repository\org\hibernate\validator\hibernate-validator\6.0.12.Final\hibernate-validator-6.0.12.Final.jar;D:\Develop\maven\repository\javax\validation\validation-api\2.0.1.Final\validation-api-2.0.1.Final.jar;D:\Develop\maven\repository\org\jboss\logging\jboss-logging\3.3.2.Final\jboss-logging-3.3.2.Final.jar;D:\Develop\maven\repository\com\fasterxml\classmate\1.3.4\classmate-1.3.4.jar;D:\Develop\maven\repository\org\springframework\spring-web\5.0.9.RELEASE\spring-web-5.0.9.RELEASE.jar;D:\Develop\maven\repository\org\springframework\spring-beans\5.0.9.RELEASE\spring-beans-5.0.9.RELEASE.jar;D:\Develop\maven\repository\org\springframework\spring-webmvc\5.0.9.RELEASE\spring-webmvc-5.0.9.RELEASE.jar;D:\Develop\maven\repository\org\springframework\spring-aop\5.0.9.RELEASE\spring-aop-5.0.9.RELEASE.jar;D:\Develop\maven\repository\org\springframework\spring-context\5.0.9.RELEASE\spring-context-5.0.9.RELEASE.jar;D:\Develop\maven\repository\org\springframework\spring-expression\5.0.9.RELEASE\spring-expression-5.0.9.RELEASE.jar com.xyg.HelloWorldApplication

  .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::        (v2.0.5.RELEASE)

2018-09-14 15:37:28.552  INFO 8120 --- [           main] com.xyg.HelloWorldApplication            : Starting HelloWorldApplication on DTX with PID 8120 (D:\IDEA\WorkSpace\spring-boot\target\classes started by Administrator in D:\IDEA\WorkSpace\spring-boot)
2018-09-14 15:37:28.558  INFO 8120 --- [           main] com.xyg.HelloWorldApplication            : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2018-09-14 15:37:28.953  INFO 8120 --- [           main] ConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext@55040f2f: startup date [Fri Sep 14 15:37:28 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
2018-09-14 15:37:33.854  INFO 8120 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)
2018-09-14 15:37:34.001  INFO 8120 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Starting service [Tomcat]
2018-09-14 15:37:34.001  INFO 8120 --- [           main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine  : Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.5.34
2018-09-14 15:37:34.024  INFO 8120 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.a.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener   : The APR based Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in production environments was not found on the java.library.path: [D:\Develop\Java\jdk1.8\bin;C:\WINDOWS\Sun\Java\bin;C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;D:\Develop\maven\apache-maven-3.5.0/bin;C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Oracle\Java\javapath;C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\NetSarang;D:\Develop\Java\jdk1.8\bin;C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32\Wbem;C:\WINDOWS\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;D:\Develop\secureCRT\;D:\Develop\SVN\VisualSVN Server\bin;D:\Develop\SVN\TortoiseSVN\bin;D:\usr\hadoop-2.7.6\bin;D:\usr\hadoop-2.7.6\sbin;D:\Python tools\python2.7.9;D:\scalaTools\scala\bin;D:\usr\spark-1.6.0-bin-hadoop2.6\bin;D:\usr\spark-1.6.0-bin-hadoop2.6sbin;D:\Python tools\python3.6.5;D:\Python tools\python2.7.9;D:\Python tools\python2.7.9\Scripts;D:\Python tools\python3.6.5\Scripts;D:\Develop\Git\cmd;D:\Develop\Git\TortoiseGit\bin;C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps;;.]
2018-09-14 15:37:34.291  INFO 8120 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2018-09-14 15:37:34.292  INFO 8120 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader            : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 5347 ms
2018-09-14 15:37:34.470  INFO 8120 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean  : Servlet dispatcherServlet mapped to [/]
2018-09-14 15:37:34.479  INFO 8120 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'characterEncodingFilter' to: [/*]
2018-09-14 15:37:34.480  INFO 8120 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'hiddenHttpMethodFilter' to: [/*]
2018-09-14 15:37:34.480  INFO 8120 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'httpPutFormContentFilter' to: [/*]
2018-09-14 15:37:34.480  INFO 8120 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'requestContextFilter' to: [/*]
2018-09-14 15:37:34.840  INFO 8120 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/**/favicon.ico] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2018-09-14 15:37:35.146  INFO 8120 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter : Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext@55040f2f: startup date [Fri Sep 14 15:37:28 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
2018-09-14 15:37:35.373  INFO 8120 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/hello]}" onto public java.lang.String com.xyg.controller.HelloController.Hello()
2018-09-14 15:37:35.382  INFO 8120 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error]}" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity> org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.BasicErrorController.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)
2018-09-14 15:37:35.385  INFO 8120 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error],produces=[text/html]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.BasicErrorController.errorHtml(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest,javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)
2018-09-14 15:37:35.451  INFO 8120 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/webjars/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2018-09-14 15:37:35.451  INFO 8120 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2018-09-14 15:37:35.901  INFO 8120 --- [           main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter        : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
2018-09-14 15:37:35.992  INFO 8120 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path ''
2018-09-14 15:37:36.005  INFO 8120 --- [           main] com.xyg.HelloWorldApplication            : Started HelloWorldApplication in 8.445 seconds (JVM running for 9.814)

通过查看日志信息发现tomcat:8080 启动,页面输入:  http://localhost:8080/hello ,

5.  部署服务

Spring Boot 入门案例与配置说明_第5张图片

package打包jar在target目录,拷贝到左面,然后进入jar包所在目录,执行命令 java -jar  xxx.jar ,页面访问

Spring Boot 入门案例与配置说明_第6张图片

6.  POM文件解析

1)spring boot 版本仲裁中心


      org.springframework.boot
      spring-boot-starter-parent
      2.0.5.RELEASE

它的父项目依赖

      org.springframework.boot
      spring-boot-dependencies
      2.0.5.RELEASE
      ../../spring-boot-dependencies

他来真正管理spring boot应用里面所有的依赖版本,这里面定义了很多服务版本,当里面定义了服务版本时,我们就不需要再导入相关依赖,没有定义时,需手工导入依赖。

Spring Boot 入门案例与配置说明_第7张图片

1)spring boot 场景启动器,帮我们导入web模块正常运行所依赖的组件。


     org.springframework.boot
     spring-boot-starter-web

它的父模块来自

   org.springframework.boot
   spring-boot-starters
   2.0.5.RELEASE

它的父模块来自

  org.springframework.boot
  spring-boot-parent
  2.0.5.RELEASE
  ../spring-boot-parent

它的父模块来自

  org.springframework.boot
  spring-boot-dependencies
  2.0.5.RELEASE
  ../spring-boot-dependencies

spring boot 将所有的功能场景都抽取出来,做成一个个的starters(启动器),只需要在项目里引入相关的starter,相关场景的所有依赖都会导入进来。

7.@SpringBootApplication

Spring Boot应用标注在某个类上说明这个类是SpringBoot的主配置类,

@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(
    excludeFilters = {@Filter(
    type = FilterType.CUSTOM,
    classes = {TypeExcludeFilter.class}
), @Filter(
    type = FilterType.CUSTOM,
    classes = {AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class}
)}
)
public @interface SpringBootApplication {
     

@SpringBootConfiguration:Spring Boot的配置类; 标注在某个类上,表示这是一个Spring   Boot的配置类;

@Configuration:配置类上来标注这个注解;配置类 ----- 配置文件;配置类也是容器中的一个组件;@Component

@EnableAutoConfiguration:开启自动配置功能;以前我们需要配置的东西,SpringBoot帮我们自动配置;这个注解告诉SpringBoot开启自动配置功能;这样自动配置才能生效;

@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public  @interface  EnableAutoConfiguration  {
     

@AutoConfigurationPackage:自动配置包@Import(AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class):

Spring的底层注解@Import,给容器中导入一个组件;导入的组件由AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class;

将主配置类(@SpringBootApplication标注的类)的所在包及下面所有子包里面的所有组件扫描到Spring容器;

@Import(EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class) 给容器中导入组件?

EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector:导入哪些组件的选择器;

将所有需要导入的组件以全类名的方式返回;这些组件就会被添加到容器中;

会给容器中导入非常多的自动配置类(xxxAutoConfiguration);就是给容器中导入这个场景需要的所有组件, 并配置好这些组件;

有了自动配置类,免去了我们手动编写配置注入功能组件等的工作;

SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(EnableAutoConfiguration.class,classLoader);

Spring Boot在启动的时候从类路径下的META-INF/spring.factories中获取EnableAutoConfiguration指定的值,将些值作为自动配置类导入到容器中,自动配置类就生效,帮我们进行自动配置工作;以前我们需要自己配置的东      西,自动配置类都帮我们;

J2EE的整体整合解决方案和自动配置都在spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.0.5.RELEASE.jar;

8.springboot向导创建

(前提条件-联网条件下)快速创建一个spring boot项目,new project

Spring Boot 入门案例与配置说明_第8张图片

Spring Boot 入门案例与配置说明_第9张图片

Spring Boot 入门案例与配置说明_第10张图片

Spring Boot 入门案例与配置说明_第11张图片

点击flish完成项目创建,把下面不用的几项删除掉

Spring Boot 入门案例与配置说明_第12张图片

然后编写controller层代码测试(略)

三.配置文件

1.application.properties

resource里面有三个文件,application.properties  或者  application.yml ,两者的书写格式不一样,为SpringBoot的全局配置文件,配置文件名是固定的,

配置文件的作用:修改SpringBoot自动配置的默认值;SpringBoot在底层都给我们自动配置好;

2.static

静态资源都放在这个包下 

3.templates

模板 

四.日志框架

SpringBoot默认选用 SLF4jlogback


org.springframework.boot
spring‐boot‐starter‐logging

给类路径下放上每个日志框架自己的配置文件即可;SpringBoot就不使用他默认配置的了

Logging System Customization

Logback

logback-spring.xmllogback-spring.groovylogback.xml, or logback.groovy

Log4j2

log4j2-spring.xml or log4j2.xml

JDK (Java Util Logging)

logging.properties

logback.xml:直接就被日志框架识别了;logback-spring.xml:日志框架就不直接加载日志的配置项,由SpringBoot解析日志配置,可以使用SpringBoot的高级Profile功能。

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/frankdeng/p/9646100.html

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