1.1 概述
计算机网络:地理位置不同 多台计算机 连接 通信 共享
网络编程的目的:数据交换,通信
如何实现多台主机之间的数据通信:
- 准确定位网络上的一台主机以及该主机的某个资源(IP:Port)
- 传输数据?
JavaWeb:网页编程 B/S
网络编程:TCP/IP C/S
1.2 网络通信的要素
实现网络通信需要知道通信双方地址(ip、端口号)
规则:网络通信协议
TCP/IP参考模型:
网络编程专门针对传输层(TCP/IP)
1.3 IP
ip地址:InetAddress
- 唯一定位一台网络上的计算机
- 127.0.0.1:本机localhost
ip地址的分类:
ipv4/ipv6
- ipv4:10.164.120.176 4个字节组成,0~255,42亿中30亿在北美,亚洲4亿,2011年就用尽
- ipv6:fe80::a1a2:85b0:e7d9:58f1%7 128位,8个无符号整数
公网(互联网) 私网(局域网)
- ABCD类地址
- 192.168.xx.xx 专门给组织内部使用的
- 域名→记忆IP问题!
1.4 端口
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程:
- 不同进程有不同的端口号!(不能冲突)用来区分进程!
- 范围:0~65535
- TCP,UDP:65535*2 单个协议下,端口号不能冲突
端口分类
公有端口 0~1023
- HTTP:80
- HTTPS:443
- FTP:21
- Telnet:23
程序注册端口:1024~49151 分配给用户或者程序
- Tomcat:8080
- MySQL:3306
- Oracle:1521
动态/私有端口:49152~65535
netstat -ano #查看所有端口 netstat -ano|findstr "端口号" #查看指定的端口 tasklist|findstr "端口号" #查看指定端口的进程
1.5 通信协议
协议:约定
网络通信协议:速率,传输码率,代码结构,传输控制......
TCP/IP协议簇
重要:
- TCP:传输控制协议
- UDP:用户数据报协议
TCP vs UDP
打电话~TCP
- 连接,稳定
三次握手,四次挥手
最少需要三次,保证稳定连接! A:你瞅啥? B:瞅你咋地? A:干一场! A:我要走了 B:你真的要走了吗? B:你真的真的要走了吗? A:我真的真的要走了!
- 客户端、服务端
- 传输完成,释放连接,效率低
发短信~UDP
- 不连接,不稳定
- 客户端、服务器:没有明确的界限
- 不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你
- 导弹
- DDoS:洪水攻击(饱和攻击)
1.6 TCP
聊天
客户端
- 通过Socket连接服务器
- 发送消息
package tcp;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
InetAddress serverIP = null;
int port = 0;
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
//1.得知服务器地址
serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
port = 9999;
//2.创建一个socket连接
socket = new Socket(serverIP,port);
//3.发送消息
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("你好".getBytes());
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
if(os!=null){
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
服务器端
- 建立服务端口
- 通过accept等待用户连接
- 接收用户消息
package tcp;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class Server {
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try {
//1.有地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
//2.等待客户端连接
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.读取客户端的消息
is = socket.getInputStream();
//管道流
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
//关闭资源
if(baos!=null){
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(is!=null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(serverSocket!=null){
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
文件上传
服务器端
package tcp;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import org.omg.CORBA_2_3.portable.OutputStream;
public class Server {
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
try {
//1.创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
//2.监听客户端连接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.读取输入流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4.文件输出
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//5.关闭资源
is.close();
fos.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
客户端
package tcp;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//1.创建一个socket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9999);
//2.创建一个输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.读取文件
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("dog.jpg"));
//4.写出文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len=fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//5.关闭资源
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
服务端(Tomcat)
客户端(浏览器)
1.7 UDP
发短信:不用连接,需要知道对方地址
发送消息
发送端
package udp;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
//不需要连接服务器
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.建立一个Socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//2.建个包
String msg = "Hello!";
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 9090;
//数据,数据的长度起始,发送给谁
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(),0,msg.getBytes().length,localhost,port);
//3.发送包
socket.send(packet);
//4.关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
接收端
package udp;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
//还是要等待客户端的连接!
public class Server {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
//开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
//接收数据包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer,0,buffer.length); //接收
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接收
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
//关闭连接
socket.close();
}
}
循环发送消息
发送端
package udp;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class Sender {
/**
* @param args
* @throws Exception
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
//1.建立一个Socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
//准备数据:控制台读取
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while(true){
//2.建个包
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
//数据,数据的长度起始,发送给谁
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress("localhost",6666));
//3.发送包
socket.send(packet);
if(data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
//4.关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
接收端
package udp;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
public class Receiver {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.建立一个Socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
while(true){
//准备接收包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹
//断开连接 bye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data,0,data.length).trim();
System.out.println(receiveData);
if(receiveData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
//关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
在线咨询:两个人既可以是发送端也可以是接收端(多线程)
线程TalkSend
package udp;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class TalkSend implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
private int fromPort;
private String toIP;
private int toPort;
public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
super();
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIP = toIP;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while(true){
String data;
try {
data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP,this.toPort));
socket.send(packet);
if(data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
线程TalkReceive
package udp;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
private int port;
private String msgFrom;
public TalkReceive(int port,String msgFrom) {
super();
this.port = port;
this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while(true){
try {
//准备接收包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0,container.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹
//断开连接 bye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length).trim();
System.out.println(msgFrom+":"+receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bye")) {
break;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
老师TalkTeacher
package udp;
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"学生")).start(); }
}
学生TalkStudent
package udp;
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start();
}
}
1.8 URL
统一资源定位符:定位互联网资源
协议://ip地址:端口/项目名/资源
url下载网络资源
package url;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
public class URLDown {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.下载地址
URL url = new URL("http://127.0.0.1:8080/zhg/Confidential.txt");
//2.连接这个资源HTTP
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("cfile.txt");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();
}
}