SQLAlchemy 是Python中最有名的ORM框架。
安装SQLAlchemy:
$ pip install sqlalchemy
导入SQLAlchemy,并初始化DBSession:
from sqlalchemy import Column, String, create_engine
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
# 创建对象的基类:
Base = declarative_base()
# 定义User对象:
class User(Base):
# 表的名字:
__tablename__ = 'user'
# 表的结构:
id = Column(String(20), primary_key=True)
name = Column(String(20))
# 初始化数据库连接:
engine = create_engine('mysql+mysqlconnector://root:root@localhost:3306/test')
# 创建DBSession类型:
DBSession = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
向数据库表中添加一行记录:
# 创建session对象:
session = DBSession()
# 创建新User对象:
new_user = User(id='5', name='Bob')
# 添加到session:
session.add(new_user)
# 提交即保存到数据库:
session.commit()
# 关闭session:
session.close()
查询数据:
# 创建Session对象:
session = DBSession()
# 创建Query查询:
user = session.query(User).filter(User.id=='5').one()
# 打印类型和对象的name属性:
print('type:', type(user))
print('name:', user.name)
# 关闭Session:
session.close()
定义一对多关系如下:
class User(Base):
__tablename__ = 'user'
id = Column(String(20), primary_key=True)
name = Column(String(20))
# 一对多:
books = relationship('Book')
class Book(Base):
__tablename__ = 'book'
id = Column(String(20), primary_key=True)
name = Column(String(20))
# “多”的一方的是通过外键关联到user表的:
user_id = Column(String(20), ForeignKey('user.id'))