GreenDao 3.0 简介、使用及踩坑

一、GreenDao 简介

GreenDao 3.0 简介、使用及踩坑_第1张图片

  GreenDAO 是一款开源的面向 Android 的轻便、快捷的 ORM 框架,将 Java 对象映射到 SQLite 数据库中,我们操作数据库的时候,不再需要编写复杂的 SQL语句, 在性能方面,greenDAO 针对 Android 进行了高度优化,最小的内存开销 、依赖体积小 同时还是支持 数据库加密。

  greenDAO 官网地址:greenrobot.org/greendao/

  greenDAO GitHub 源码地址:greenrobot/greenDAO

二、GreenDao 特征

  • 1、支持 protocol buffer(protobuf) 协议
    GreenDao 支持 protocol buffer(protobuf) 协议数据的直接存储,如果你通过 protobuf 协议与服务器交互,将不需要任何的映射
  • 2、代码生成
    greenDAO 会根据配置信息自动生成核心管理类以及 DAO 对象
  • 3、性能
    所有 ORM 数据库的,greenDAO 是最快的,greenDAO 不作性能方面任何妥协

三、核心类介绍

1、DaoMaster:

  使用 greenDAO 的入口点。DaoMaster 负责管理数据库对象(SQLiteDatabase)和 DAO 类(对象),我们可以通过它内部类 OpenHelper 和 DevOpenHelper SQLiteOpenHelper 创建不同模式的 SQLite 数据库。

2、DaoSession :

  管理指定模式下的所有 DAO 对象,DaoSession 提供了一些通用的持久性方法比如插入、负载、更新和删除实体。

3、XxxDAO :

  对于每个实体类, greenDAO 都会生成一个与之对应 DAO 对象,如:User 实体,则会生成一个 UserDao 类

4、Entities:

  可持久化对象。通常,实体对象代表一个数据库行,使用标准 Java 属性(如一个 POJO 或 JavaBean )

GreenDao 3.0 简介、使用及踩坑_第2张图片

四、集成 GreenDao

a、设置仓库与插件(Project: build.gradle)

buildscript {
     
    repositories {
     
        jcenter()
        mavenCentral() // add repository
    }
    dependencies {
     
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:3.1.3'
        classpath 'org.greenrobot:greendao-gradle-plugin:3.2.2'  // add plugin
    }
}

b、配置依赖 ( Module:app build.gradle )

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
apply plugin: 'org.greenrobot.greendao'  // apply plugin

dependencies {
     
    compile 'org.greenrobot:greendao:3.2.2'  // add library

    // This is only needed if you want to use encrypted databases
    compile 'net.zetetic:android-database-sqlcipher:3.5.6' //加密库依赖(可选项)
}

c、配置数据库相关信息 ( Module:app build.gradle )

greendao {
     
    schemaVersion 1 // 数据库版本号
    daoPackage 'com.example.zhangruirui.greendao'  // 设置 DaoMaster、DaoSession、Dao 包名
    targetGenDir 'src/main/java'  // 设置 DaoMaster、DaoSession、Dao 目录
}

d、基本使用步骤

// 生成数据库文件,名为 students-db
DaoMaster.DevOpenHelper helper = new DaoMaster.DevOpenHelper(this, "students-db", null);
SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();
// 建立特定模式下的所有的 DAO 对象和数据 db 对象的映射
DaoMaster master = new DaoMaster(db);
// 管理特定模式下的所有 DAO 对象,并提供一些通用的 CRUD 持久化方法
DaoSession session = master.newSession();
// 得到指定的 StudentDao 对象
StudentDao dao = session.getStudentDao();
dao.insert(student);
//...

五、实战

1、我们写一个简单的实体类(User),测试一下

package com.example.zhangruirui;

import org.greenrobot.greendao.annotation.Entity;
import org.greenrobot.greendao.annotation.Generated;
import org.greenrobot.greendao.annotation.Id;

@Entity
public class User {
     

  @Id
  private long id;

  private String name;

  private int age;

  @Generated(hash = 446251977)
  public User(long id, String name, int age) {
     
    this.id = id;
    this.name = name;
    this.age = age;
  }

  @Generated(hash = 586692638)
  public User() {
     
  }

  public long getId() {
     
    return id;
  }

  public void setId(long id) {
     
    this.id = id;
  }

  public String getName() {
     
    return name;
  }

  public void setName(String name) {
     
    this.name = name;
  }

  public int getAge() {
     
    return age;
  }

  public void setAge(int age) {
     
    this.age = age;
  }
}

2、点击 Make Project(或者 Make Moudle ‘App’) 编译一下工程 。如果配置正确,会在配置的包目录下自动会生成 DaoMaster,DaoSession 和 UserDao 类 。

GreenDao 3.0 简介、使用及踩坑_第3张图片

3、然后我们定义 OpenHelper 类:UserDBOpenHelper

package com.example.zhangruirui.greendao;

import android.content.Context;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;

import com.example.zhangruirui.DaoMaster;

public class UserDBOpenHelper extends DaoMaster.DevOpenHelper {
     
  public UserDBOpenHelper(Context context, String name) {
     
    super(context, name);
  }

  public UserDBOpenHelper(Context context, String name, SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory factory) {
     
    super(context, name, factory);
  }

  @Override
  public void onDowngrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
     
    DaoMaster.dropAllTables(wrap(db), true);
  }
}

4、然后,类似 SQLite ,我们需要定义 DBManager:UserManager 创建单例实例,来供外部操作数据库

package com.example.zhangruirui.greendao;

import android.content.Context;
import android.support.annotation.WorkerThread;

import com.google.gson.Gson;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;

public class UserManager {
     
  private volatile static UserManager mInstance = null;
  private Context mContext;
  private UserStorage mUserStorage = new UserStorage(mContext);

  private UserManager() {
     

  }

  public static UserManager getInstance() {
     
    if (mInstance == null) {
     
      synchronized (UserManager.class) {
     
        if (mInstance == null) {
     
          mInstance = new UserManager();
        }
      }
    }
    return mInstance;
  }

  public <T> T getUserAge(String key, Type typeOfT) {
     
    try {
     
      String json = mUserStorage.getUserAge(key);
      Gson gson = new Gson();

      CacheEntry entry = gson.fromJson(json, CacheEntry.class);
      return gson.fromJson(entry.mJson, typeOfT);
    } catch (Exception e) {
     
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return null;
  }

  @WorkerThread
  public void setUserAge(String key, Object entity, Type type) {
     
    setUserInner(key, entity, type);
  }

  @WorkerThread
  private void setUserInner(String key, Object entity, Type type) {
     
    Gson gson = new Gson();
    String json = gson.toJson(entity, type);
    CacheEntry entry = new CacheEntry(json);
    json = gson.toJson(entry, CacheEntry.class);
    if (entity == null) {
     
      mUserStorage.removeUser(key);
    } else {
     
      mUserStorage.addUser(key, json);
    }
  }

  static class CacheEntry implements Serializable {
     

    final String mJson;

    CacheEntry(String json) {
     
      mJson = json;
    }
  }
}

5、获取 UserDao 对数据库表进行 CRUD 操作即可:UserStorage

package com.example.zhangruirui.greendao;

import android.content.Context;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.support.annotation.WorkerThread;

import com.example.zhangruirui.User;

import org.greenrobot.greendao.query.DeleteQuery;
import org.greenrobot.greendao.query.QueryBuilder;

public class UserStorage {
     

  private SQLiteDatabase mDatabase;
  private UserDao mUserDao; // 获取 dao 对象
  private final static String DB_NAME = "user_name_age.db"; // 定义数据库名

  // 获取核心类的实例
  UserStorage(Context context) {
     
    DaoMaster.OpenHelper helper = new UserDBOpenHelper(context, DB_NAME, null);
    try {
     
      mDatabase = helper.getWritableDatabase();
      DaoMaster daoMaster = new DaoMaster(mDatabase);
      DaoSession daoSession = daoMaster.newSession();
      mUserDao = daoSession.getUserDao();

    } catch (Exception e) {
     
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
  }

  public User getUserByName(String name) {
     
    if (!isDataBaseValid()) {
     
      return null;
    }

    return mUserDao.queryBuilder().where(UserDao.Properties.Name.eq(name)).unique();

  }

  /**
   * 根据用户的名字删除对应的记录
   */
  public void removeUser(String name) {
     
    if (!isDataBaseValid()) {
     
      return;
    }
    try {
     
      QueryBuilder<User> qb = mUserDao.queryBuilder();
      DeleteQuery<User> bd = qb.where(UserDao.Properties.Name.eq(name))
          .buildDelete();
      bd.executeDeleteWithoutDetachingEntities();
    } catch (Exception e) {
     
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
  }

  /**
   * 新增记录,如果存在则更新,不存在直接插入
   */
  @WorkerThread
  public synchronized void addUser(String name, String json) {
     
    if (!isDataBaseValid()) {
     
      return;
    }

    try {
     
      User user = new User();
      user.setName(name);
      user.setAge(json);

      /**
       * 解决 Exception:
       * Cannot update entity without key - was it inserted before?
       */
      User oldUser = getUserByName(name);
      if (oldUser != null) {
     
        user.setId(oldUser.getId());
      }
      // mUserDao.save(user);
      if (getUserByName(name) == null) {
     
        mUserDao.insert(user);
      } else {
     
        mUserDao.update(user);
      }
    } catch (Exception e) {
     
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
  }

  /**
   * 删除所有数据
   */
  @WorkerThread
  public synchronized void deleteAll() {
     
    mUserDao.deleteAll();
  }

  private boolean isDataBaseValid() {
     
    return mUserDao != null;
  }

  public String getUserAge(String key) {
     
    return mUserDao.queryBuilder().where(UserDao.Properties.Name.eq(key)).list().get(0).getAge();
  }
}

六、注解

@Entity

表明这个实体类会在数据库中生成一个与之相对应的表

@Entity(
        // If you have more than one schema, you can tell greenDAO
        // to which schema an entity belongs (pick any string as a name).
        schema = "myschema",
        
        // Flag to make an entity "active": Active entities have update,
        // delete, and refresh methods.
        active = true,
        
        // Specifies the name of the table in the database.
        // By default, the name is based on the entities class name.
        nameInDb = "AWESOME_USERS",
        
        // Define indexes spanning multiple columns here.
        indexes = {
     
                @Index(value = "name DESC", unique = true)
        },
        
        // Flag if the DAO should create the database table (default is true).
        // Set this to false, if you have multiple entities mapping to one table,
        // or the table creation is done outside of greenDAO.
        createInDb = false,

        // Whether an all properties constructor should be generated.
        // A no-args constructor is always required.
        generateConstructors = true,

        // Whether getters and setters for properties should be generated if missing.
        generateGettersSetters = true
)
public class User {
     
  ...
}

@Id(autoincrement = true)

对应数据表中的 Id 字段,主键,必须为 Long 型
如果需要使用主键自增,此时 id 类型为 Long(注意是大写的)

/**
 * Marks field is the primary key of the entity's table
 */
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
public @interface Id {
     
    /**
     * Specifies that id should be auto-incremented (works only for Long/long fields)
     * Autoincrement on SQLite introduces additional resources usage and usually can be avoided
     * @see SQLite documentation
     */
    boolean autoincrement() default false;
}

@Transient

添加此标记后不会生成数据库表的列,仅仅作为一个普通的 java 类字段,用来临时存储数据的,不会被持久化

@Unique

表名该属性在数据库中只能有唯一值

@Index(unique = true)

七、重要的 api 方法

注意:这些 api 方法中,提到的 key,都是指的主键 Long id

1、查询

http://greenrobot.org/greendao/documentation/queries/

https://juejin.im/post/5abf6ef9f265da2396128456

QueryBuilder.java

2、插入

/**
     * Insert an entity into the table associated with a concrete DAO.
     *
     * @return row ID of newly inserted entity
     */
    public long insert(T entity) {
     
        return executeInsert(entity, statements.getInsertStatement(), true);
    }

3、更新

public void update(T entity) {
     
        assertSinglePk();
        DatabaseStatement stmt = statements.getUpdateStatement();
        if (db.isDbLockedByCurrentThread()) {
     
            synchronized (stmt) {
     
                if (isStandardSQLite) {
     
                    updateInsideSynchronized(entity, (SQLiteStatement) stmt.getRawStatement(), true);
                } else {
     
                    updateInsideSynchronized(entity, stmt, true);
                }
            }
        } else {
     
            // Do TX to acquire a connection before locking the stmt to avoid deadlocks
            db.beginTransaction();
            try {
     
                synchronized (stmt) {
     
                    updateInsideSynchronized(entity, stmt, true);
                }
                db.setTransactionSuccessful();
            } finally {
     
                db.endTransaction();
            }
        }
    }

4、插入or更新

public long insertOrReplace(T entity) {
     
        return executeInsert(entity, statements.getInsertOrReplaceStatement(), true);
    }

    private long executeInsert(T entity, DatabaseStatement stmt, boolean setKeyAndAttach) {
     
        long rowId;
        if (db.isDbLockedByCurrentThread()) {
     
            rowId = insertInsideTx(entity, stmt);
        } else {
     
            // Do TX to acquire a connection before locking the stmt to avoid deadlocks
            db.beginTransaction();
            try {
     
                rowId = insertInsideTx(entity, stmt);
                db.setTransactionSuccessful();
            } finally {
     
                db.endTransaction();
            }
        }
        if (setKeyAndAttach) {
     
            updateKeyAfterInsertAndAttach(entity, rowId, true);
        }
        return rowId;
    }

save() 方法:

通过 key 属性判断是否存在,如果存在就更新数据,如果 key 为 null 就插入。这里的 key 是什么东东?这就是我今天被坑的地方,这个 key 就是 Long id 这个字段,也就是表中的主键!!!

/**
     * "Saves" an entity to the database: depending on the existence of the key property, it will be inserted
     * (key is null) or updated (key is not null).
     * 

* This is similar to {@link #insertOrReplace(Object)}, but may be more efficient, because if a key is present, * it does not have to query if that key already exists. */ public void save(T entity) { if (hasKey(entity)) { update(entity); } else { insert(entity); } }

5、删除

/** Deletes the given entity from the database. Currently, only single value PK entities are supported. */
    public void delete(T entity) {
     
        assertSinglePk();
        K key = getKeyVerified(entity);
        deleteByKey(key);
    }

八、入坑系列

1、https://www.jianshu.com/p/7bb9693ea380

2、https://blog.csdn.net/anyanyan07/article/details/73410053

3、打包混淆问题(打包后的 APK,使用不了): 打包后使用不了,debug 能使用,很明显,混淆的问题。报错如下:

https://blog.csdn.net/ddxxii/article/details/54866871

Caused by: org.greenrobot.greendao.DaoException: Could not init DAOConfig

解决办法:
针对 GreenDao 3.0 ,使用时,发布包需要设置混淆

#greendao
-keep class org.greenrobot.greendao.**{
     *;}
-keep public interface org.greenrobot.greendao.**
-keepclassmembers class * extends org.greenrobot.greendao.AbstractDao {
     
public static java.lang.String TABLENAME;
}
-keep class **$Properties

#optional
-keep class net.sqlcipher.database.**{
     *;}
-keep public interface net.sqlcipher.database.**
-dontwarn net.sqlcipher.database.**
-dontwarn org.greenrobot.greendao.**

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