StringBuilder与StringBuffer

StringBuilder

package com.keytech.task;

import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;

//线程不安全
public class StringExample1 {

    public static Integer clientTotal=5000;
    public static Integer threadTotal=200;
    public static StringBuilder stringBuilder=new StringBuilder();

    public static void main(String[] args) throws  Exception{
        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        final Semaphore semaphore=new Semaphore(threadTotal);
        final CountDownLatch  countDownLatch=new CountDownLatch(clientTotal);
        for (int i = 0; i < clientTotal; i++) {
            executorService.execute(()->{
                try{
                    semaphore.acquire();
                    update();
                    semaphore.release();

                }catch (Exception e){
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                countDownLatch.countDown();
            });
        }
        countDownLatch.await();
        executorService.shutdown();
        System.out.println("size"+stringBuilder.length());

    }

    private static void update() {
        stringBuilder.append("1");
    }

}

//size:4999
main函数中输出的结果不为预期的5000,并且每次结果可能会不一致,因此StringBuilder是线程不安全类

StringBuffer


package com.keytech.task;

import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
//线程安全
public class StringExample2 {

    public static Integer clientTotal=5000;
    public static Integer threadTotal=200;
    
    public static StringBuffer stringBuffer=new StringBuffer();

    public static void main(String[] args)  throws Exception{
        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        final Semaphore semaphore=new Semaphore(threadTotal);
        final CountDownLatch countDownLatch=new CountDownLatch(threadTotal);

        for (int i = 0; i < clientTotal; i++) {
             executorService.execute(()->{
                 try{
                     semaphore.acquire();
                     update();
                     semaphore.release();

                 }catch (Exception e){
                     e.printStackTrace();
                 }
                 countDownLatch.countDown();
             });
        }
        countDownLatch.await();
        executorService.shutdown();
        System.out.println("size:"+stringBuffer.length());


    }

    private static void update() {
        stringBuffer.append("1");
    }
}

//size:5000
StringBuffer每次输出的结果与预期结果一致,因此它是线程安全的类

StringBuffer使用synchronized保证线程安全

 @Override
 public synchronized StringBuffer append(String str) {
   toStringCache = null;
   super.append(str);
   return this;
 }

总结

通过以上两个例子可以知道,StringBuffer为线程安全类,StringBuilder为线程不安全类。

StringBuffer在方法的实现上使用了synchronized关键字对方法进行同步,因此是线程安全的,而StringBuilder则没有进行特殊的同步或并发处理。

StringBuffer使用了同步锁,同一时间只能有一个线程进行访问,因为在系统性能会有损耗,适用于多线程环境下使用。通常情况下,字符串拼接出现在方法内(在方法中以局部变量的方式使用,可以做到线程封闭),使用StringBuilder进行字符串的拼接会大大提高性能,属于堆栈封闭,单个线程的操作对象,因此不存在线程不安全问题,优先选择使用StringBuilder。两种字符串拼接类分别适用不同的场景,这就是为什么JAVA同时提供了这两种类。

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StringBuilder与StringBuffer_第1张图片

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