解决“tesseract&tesserocr安装”问题
问题描述
学习Python爬虫首先要配置环境安装tesseract和tesserocr两个库，但是在Mac上按照书中的指导会出现无法解决的安装错误，经过一天时间的试错，总算把这两个库安装完毕可以使用。
解决方法
tesseract&tesserocr安装指南
1.安装tesseract
终端输入指令brew install tesseract
在安装全语言支持版本的时候，指令为brew install tesseract-lang
验证所支持的语言，指令为tesseract --list-langs
2.安装tesserocr
终端输入指令
采用指令：
pip3 install tesserocr pilow
安装过程及报错：
Collecting tesserocr
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/92/2d/05a7f8387e93c192919b508e4f4936f232bd3d2ca388b9130ae538a9f9ad/tesserocr-2.4.0.tar.gz
Requirement already satisfied: pillow in /anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages (5.3.0)
Building wheels for collected packages: tesserocr
Building wheel for tesserocr (setup.py) ... error
Complete output from command /anaconda3/bin/python3 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/private/var/folders/tg/g57hkq3s3g163k6zstsmjfj00000gn/T/pip-install-m92cxqko/tesserocr/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" bdist_wheel -d /private/var/folders/tg/g57hkq3s3g163k6zstsmjfj00000gn/T/pip-wheel-zpv8cubn --python-tag cp37:
Supporting tesseract v4.0.0
Building with configs: {'libraries': ['tesseract', 'lept'], 'cython_compile_time_env': {'TESSERACT_VERSION': 67108864}}
running bdist_wheel
running build
running build_ext
building 'tesserocr' extension
creating build
creating build/temp.macosx-10.7-x86_64-3.7
gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -I/anaconda3/include -arch x86_64 -I/anaconda3/include -arch x86_64 -I/anaconda3/include/python3.7m -c tesserocr.cpp -o build/temp.macosx-10.7-x86_64-3.7/tesserocr.o -std=c++11 -DUSE_STD_NAMESPACE
In file included from tesserocr.cpp:656:
In file included from /usr/local/include/tesseract/genericvector.h:28:
In file included from /usr/local/include/tesseract/tesscallback.h:22:
/usr/local/include/tesseract/host.h:30:10: fatal error: 'cinttypes' file not found
#include
^~~~~~~~~~~
1 error generated.
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------
Failed building wheel for tesserocr
Running setup.py clean for tesserocr
Failed to build tesserocr
Installing collected packages: tesserocr
Running setup.py install for tesserocr ... error
Complete output from command /anaconda3/bin/python3 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/private/var/folders/tg/g57hkq3s3g163k6zstsmjfj00000gn/T/pip-install-m92cxqko/tesserocr/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /private/var/folders/tg/g57hkq3s3g163k6zstsmjfj00000gn/T/pip-record-7m0n40sm/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile:
Supporting tesseract v4.0.0
Building with configs: {'libraries': ['tesseract', 'lept'], 'cython_compile_time_env': {'TESSERACT_VERSION': 67108864}}
running install
running build
running build_ext
building 'tesserocr' extension
creating build
creating build/temp.macosx-10.7-x86_64-3.7
gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -I/anaconda3/include -arch x86_64 -I/anaconda3/include -arch x86_64 -I/anaconda3/include/python3.7m -c tesserocr.cpp -o build/temp.macosx-10.7-x86_64-3.7/tesserocr.o -std=c++11 -DUSE_STD_NAMESPACE
In file included from tesserocr.cpp:656:
In file included from /usr/local/include/tesseract/genericvector.h:28:
In file included from /usr/local/include/tesseract/tesscallback.h:22:
/usr/local/include/tesseract/host.h:30:10: fatal error: 'cinttypes' file not found
#include
^~~~~~~~~~~
1 error generated.
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------
Command "/anaconda3/bin/python3 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/private/var/folders/tg/g57hkq3s3g163k6zstsmjfj00000gn/T/pip-install-m92cxqko/tesserocr/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /private/var/folders/tg/g57hkq3s3g163k6zstsmjfj00000gn/T/pip-record-7m0n40sm/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in /private/var/folders/tg/g57hkq3s3g163k6zstsmjfj00000gn/T/pip-install-m92cxqko/tesserocr/
尝试更换指令：
pip install tesserocr
报错同上
尝试更换指令：
pip install tesseract-ocr
安装过程及报错：
Collecting tesseract-ocr
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e2/0d/dcee3dd0fc4c7bcd18125a98f8ba6d9db7aecaa40770595203e312649587/tesseract-ocr-0.0.1.tar.gz
Requirement already satisfied: cython in /anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from tesseract-ocr) (0.29.2)
Building wheels for collected packages: tesseract-ocr
Building wheel for tesseract-ocr (setup.py) ... error
Complete output from command /anaconda3/bin/python3 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/private/var/folders/tg/g57hkq3s3g163k6zstsmjfj00000gn/T/pip-install-mrfmt2dz/tesseract-ocr/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" bdist_wheel -d /private/var/folders/tg/g57hkq3s3g163k6zstsmjfj00000gn/T/pip-wheel-cy55vq_r --python-tag cp37:
running bdist_wheel
running build
running build_py
file tesseract_ocr.py (for module tesseract_ocr) not found
file tesseract_ocr.py (for module tesseract_ocr) not found
running build_ext
building 'tesseract_ocr' extension
creating build
creating build/temp.macosx-10.7-x86_64-3.7
gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -I/anaconda3/include -arch x86_64 -I/anaconda3/include -arch x86_64 -I/anaconda3/include/python3.7m -c tesseract_ocr.cpp -o build/temp.macosx-10.7-x86_64-3.7/tesseract_ocr.o
In file included from tesseract_ocr.cpp:651:
In file included from /usr/local/include/tesseract/baseapi.h:27:
In file included from /usr/local/include/tesseract/apitypes.h:23:
/usr/local/include/tesseract/publictypes.h:33:1: error: unknown type name 'constexpr'
constexpr int kPointsPerInch = 72;
^
/usr/local/include/tesseract/publictypes.h:33:11: error: expected unqualified-id
constexpr int kPointsPerInch = 72;
^
/usr/local/include/tesseract/publictypes.h:38:1: error: unknown type name 'constexpr'
constexpr int kMinCredibleResolution = 70;
^
/usr/local/include/tesseract/publictypes.h:38:11: error: expected unqualified-id
constexpr int kMinCredibleResolution = 70;
^
/usr/local/include/tesseract/publictypes.h:40:1: error: unknown type name 'constexpr'
constexpr int kMaxCredibleResolution = 2400;
^
/usr/local/include/tesseract/publictypes.h:40:11: error: expected unqualified-id
constexpr int kMaxCredibleResolution = 2400;
^
/usr/local/include/tesseract/publictypes.h:45:1: error: unknown type name 'constexpr'
constexpr int kResolutionEstimationFactor = 10;
^
/usr/local/include/tesseract/publictypes.h:45:11: error: expected unqualified-id
constexpr int kResolutionEstimationFactor = 10;
^
In file included from tesseract_ocr.cpp:651:
In file included from /usr/local/include/tesseract/baseapi.h:31:
/usr/local/include/tesseract/resultiterator.h:103:63: error: a space is required between consecutive right angle brackets (use '> >')
virtual std::vector
^
In file included from tesseract_ocr.cpp:651:
In file included from /usr/local/include/tesseract/baseapi.h:32:
In file included from /usr/local/include/tesseract/serialis.h:26:
/usr/local/include/tesseract/host.h:30:10: fatal error: 'cinttypes' file not found
#include
^~~~~~~~~~~
10 errors generated.
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------
Failed building wheel for tesseract-ocr
Running setup.py clean for tesseract-ocr
Failed to build tesseract-ocr
Installing collected packages: tesseract-ocr
Running setup.py install for tesseract-ocr ... error
Complete output from command /anaconda3/bin/python3 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/private/var/folders/tg/g57hkq3s3g163k6zstsmjfj00000gn/T/pip-install-mrfmt2dz/tesseract-ocr/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /private/var/folders/tg/g57hkq3s3g163k6zstsmjfj00000gn/T/pip-record-ad5y3pxn/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile:
running install
running build
running build_py
file tesseract_ocr.py (for module tesseract_ocr) not found
file tesseract_ocr.py (for module tesseract_ocr) not found
running build_ext
building 'tesseract_ocr' extension
creating build
creating build/temp.macosx-10.7-x86_64-3.7
gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -I/anaconda3/include -arch x86_64 -I/anaconda3/include -arch x86_64 -I/anaconda3/include/python3.7m -c tesseract_ocr.cpp -o build/temp.macosx-10.7-x86_64-3.7/tesseract_ocr.o
In file included from tesseract_ocr.cpp:651:
In file included from /usr/local/include/tesseract/baseapi.h:27:
In file included from /usr/local/include/tesseract/apitypes.h:23:
/usr/local/include/tesseract/publictypes.h:33:1: error: unknown type name 'constexpr'
constexpr int kPointsPerInch = 72;
^
/usr/local/include/tesseract/publictypes.h:33:11: error: expected unqualified-id
constexpr int kPointsPerInch = 72;
^
/usr/local/include/tesseract/publictypes.h:38:1: error: unknown type name 'constexpr'
constexpr int kMinCredibleResolution = 70;
^
/usr/local/include/tesseract/publictypes.h:38:11: error: expected unqualified-id
constexpr int kMinCredibleResolution = 70;
^
/usr/local/include/tesseract/publictypes.h:40:1: error: unknown type name 'constexpr'
constexpr int kMaxCredibleResolution = 2400;
^
/usr/local/include/tesseract/publictypes.h:40:11: error: expected unqualified-id
constexpr int kMaxCredibleResolution = 2400;
^
/usr/local/include/tesseract/publictypes.h:45:1: error: unknown type name 'constexpr'
constexpr int kResolutionEstimationFactor = 10;
^
/usr/local/include/tesseract/publictypes.h:45:11: error: expected unqualified-id
constexpr int kResolutionEstimationFactor = 10;
^
In file included from tesseract_ocr.cpp:651:
In file included from /usr/local/include/tesseract/baseapi.h:31:
/usr/local/include/tesseract/resultiterator.h:103:63: error: a space is required between consecutive right angle brackets (use '> >')
virtual std::vector
^
In file included from tesseract_ocr.cpp:651:
In file included from /usr/local/include/tesseract/baseapi.h:32:
In file included from /usr/local/include/tesseract/serialis.h:26:
/usr/local/include/tesseract/host.h:30:10: fatal error: 'cinttypes' file not found
#include
^~~~~~~~~~~
10 errors generated.
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------
Command "/anaconda3/bin/python3 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/private/var/folders/tg/g57hkq3s3g163k6zstsmjfj00000gn/T/pip-install-mrfmt2dz/tesseract-ocr/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /private/var/folders/tg/g57hkq3s3g163k6zstsmjfj00000gn/T/pip-record-ad5y3pxn/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in /private/var/folders/tg/g57hkq3s3g163k6zstsmjfj00000gn/T/pip-install-mrfmt2dz/tesseract-ocr/
如果通过interpreter site-package中“+”在PyCharm中安装这个包的话
IDE会安装错误，查看Details的时候
报错：
fatal error: 'cinttypes' file not found
经过在Google中反复寻找解决办法，终于在Github上查到了解决方法：
输入指令：
CC=clang XCC=clang++ CPPFLAGS="-stdlib=libc++ -DUSE_STD_NAMESPACE -mmacosx-version-min=10.8" pip install tesserocr
安装过程：
Collecting tesserocr
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/92/2d/05a7f8387e93c192919b508e4f4936f232bd3d2ca388b9130ae538a9f9ad/tesserocr-2.4.0.tar.gz
Building wheels for collected packages: tesserocr
Building wheel for tesserocr (setup.py) ... done
Stored in directory: /Users/zhangpeiji/Library/Caches/pip/wheels/f4/f8/13/9e30c62e12a7ec922c4cd3e8d936b63679f845543c2f66d172
Successfully built tesserocr
Installing collected packages: tesserocr
Successfully installed tesserocr-2.4.0
但是还有个问题，就是输入python3进入Python命令行之后
输入import tesserocr会报错
python3
Python 3.7.1 (default, Dec 14 2018, 13:28:58)
[Clang 4.0.1 (tags/RELEASE_401/final)] :: Anaconda, Inc. on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import tesserocr
!strcmp(locale, "C"):Error:Assert failed:in file baseapi.cpp, line 209
Illegal instruction: 4
同时在PyCharm中尽管interpreter中package里面已经看到tesserocr安装成功
但是IDE在引用这个包的时候还是会提醒错误“No module named tesserocr”
如果运行的话会报错：
!strcmp(locale, "C"):Error:Assert failed:in file baseapi.cpp, line 209
还是在Github上找到了解决办法，完整代码如下：
import locale
locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL,'C')
import tesserocr
from PIL import Image
image=Image.open('image.png')
print(tesserocr.image_to_text(image))
尽管IDE还是会在tesserocr处下划线提醒错误，但是已经可以正确运行了