ElasticSearch 的映射管理

提交映射

PUT /my-index-000001
PUT /my-index-000001/_mapping
{
  "properties": {
    "email": {
      "type": "keyword"
    }
  }
}

同时提交映射到多个索引

# Create the two indices
PUT /my-index-000001
PUT /my-index-000002

# Update both mappings
PUT /my-index-000001,my-index-000002/_mapping
{
  "properties": {
    "user": {
      "properties": {
        "name": {
          "type": "keyword"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

在已存在的对象字段中添加新属性

PUT /my-index-000001
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "name": {
        "properties": {
          "first": {
            "type": "text"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

PUT /my-index-000001/_mapping
{
  "properties": {
    "name": {
      "properties": {
        "last": {
          "type": "text"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

在已存在的字段中添加多字段

PUT /my-index-000001
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "city": {
        "type": "text"
      }
    }
  }
}

PUT /my-index-000001/_mapping
{
  "properties": {
    "city": {
      "type": "text",
      "fields": {
        "raw": {
          "type": "keyword"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

在已存在的字段中修改支持的映射参数

PUT /my-index-000001
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "user_id": {
        "type": "keyword",
        "ignore_above": 20
      }
    }
  }
}

PUT /my-index-000001/_mapping
{
  "properties": {
    "user_id": {
      "type": "keyword",
      "ignore_above": 100
    }
  }
}

在已存在的字段中修改映射

除了修改支持的映射参数外，不能修改已有的字段映射或字段类型。更改已有字段可能会使已经建立索引的数据无效。

如果需要修改索引中字段的映射，可以使用新的映射创建一个新索引，然后将数据重新索引到该索引中。

PUT /my-index-000001
{
  "mappings" : {
    "properties": {
      "user_id": {
        "type": "long"
      }
    }
  }
}

POST /my-index-000001/_doc?refresh=wait_for
{
  "user_id" : 12345
}

POST /my-index-000001/_doc?refresh=wait_for
{
  "user_id" : 12346
}

PUT /my-new-index-000001
{
  "mappings" : {
    "properties": {
      "user_id": {
        "type": "keyword"
      }
    }
  }
}

# 复制文档
POST /_reindex
{
  "source": {
    "index": "my-index-000001"
  },
  "dest": {
    "index": "my-new-index-000001"
  }
}

重命名字段

重命名字段会使在旧字段名称下已建立索引的数据失效。取而代之的是，添加一个别名字段作为字段名称。

PUT /my-index-000001
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "user_identifier": {
        "type": "keyword"
      }
    }
  }
}

PUT /my-index-000001/_mapping
{
  "properties": {
    "user_id": {
      "type": "alias",
      "path": "user_identifier"
    }
  }
}

获取映射

GET /my-index-000001/_mapping
GET /my-index-000001,my-index-000002/_mapping

# 所有索引的映射
GET /*/_mapping
GET /_all/_mapping
GET /_mapping

获取字段映射

基本语法

GET /my-index-000001/_mapping/field/user

获取单个字段的映射

PUT /publications
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "id": { "type": "text" },
      "title": { "type": "text" },
      "abstract": { "type": "text" },
      "author": {
        "properties": {
          "id": { "type": "text" },
          "name": { "type": "text" }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

GET publications/_mapping/field/title
# 结果
{
   "publications": {
      "mappings": {
          "title": {
             "full_name": "title",
             "mapping": {
                "title": {
                   "type": "text"
                }
             }
          }
       }
   }
}

获取多个字段的映射

GET publications/_mapping/field/author.id,abstract,name
# 结果
{
   "publications": {
      "mappings": {
        "author.id": {
           "full_name": "author.id",
           "mapping": {
              "id": {
                 "type": "text"
              }
           }
        },
        "abstract": {
           "full_name": "abstract",
           "mapping": {
              "abstract": {
                 "type": "text"
              }
           }
        }
     }
   }
}

匹配获取多个字段的映射

GET publications/_mapping/field/a*
# 结果
{
   "publications": {
      "mappings": {
         "author.name": {
            "full_name": "author.name",
            "mapping": {
               "name": {
                 "type": "text"
               }
            }
         },
         "abstract": {
            "full_name": "abstract",
            "mapping": {
               "abstract": {
                  "type": "text"
               }
            }
         },
         "author.id": {
            "full_name": "author.id",
            "mapping": {
               "id": {
                  "type": "text"
               }
            }
         }
      }
   }
}