MSF for CMMI Process Improvement项目体验: Work Items : Requirement (更新版)

MSF的角度来看:

需求分类:

l         Customer RequirementScenario, quality of service

l         Product RequirementSafety, security, functional, operational, and interface

体会:

微软把需求文档分为2种,客户需求和产品需求。

总体感觉采集客户需求的时候,文字格式化的工作不是非常严,比RUP的模版要简单得多,但是微软提出Storyboard Scenarios,这是图形化的需求表示,Storyboard Scenarios包含Generate ScreenshotsCreate Screen Flow Diagram。我使用的微软一些软件来看,微软自己应该也是按照这样的流程来做的,因为我在一些软件没有正式发布出来时候,看到很多Screenshots,那些Screenshots是使用VISIO之类的软件制作出来的。而且制作Screenshots好处也是显而易见的,用户可以有感性的认识,对需求采集很有帮助。Screen Flow Diagram是对流程的认识,有了这几步骤,用户的可视化的需求基本完整了,那些非可视的需求可以在quality of service重点说明。

对于产品需求来讲,重点是要指导限定设计。

 

涉及流程:

Envision阶段:

l         Product ManagerCapture Product Vision

 

Planning阶段:

l         Business AnalystCreate a Scenario

l         Solution ArchitectCreate a Quality of Service

l         Project ManagerPlan Project

l         Solution ArchitectCreate Solution Architecture

l         Business AnalystCreate Product Requirements

l         Project ManagerPlan an Iteration

 

Build阶段:

l         Solution ArchitectAnalysis

l         DeveloperImplement a Development Task

l         DeveloperFix a Bug

l         TesterTest a Customer Requirement

l         TesterVerify a Product Requirement

体会:

       按部就班的跟着这些流程走,当然是可以走通的,但是问题的关键当然不是走形式,不是能走通就行,每个阶段,都有自己的目标和里程碑。Envision阶段目标是确定范围;Planning阶段是细化明确用户需求,确定本次迭代需要先做哪些。Build阶段就要分析、实现和验证需求。

CMMI的角度来看:

CMMI包含若干PAProcess Area),每个PA包含若干Goal,每个Goal包含若干Practices,微软通过Work streams and Activities来实现这些Practices。具体清单:

 

CMMI 涉及到需求的PA2个:

1.         Requirements DevelopmentCMMI Process Area

1)        Develop Customer Requirements(CMMI Goal)

u       Elicit Needs(CMMI Practices)

l         User Experience ArchitectDevelop Lifestyle SnapshotWork streams and Activities

l         Business AnalystBrainstorm Scenarios

l         Business AnalystBrainstorm Quality of Service Requirements

l         TesterConduct Exploratory Testing

u       Develop the Customer Requirements

l         Business AnalystBrainstorm Scenarios

l         Business AnalystBrainstorm Quality of Service Requirements

2)        Develop Product Requirements

u       Establish Product and Product-Component Requirements 

l         Solution ArchitectDefine Functional Requirements

l         Solution ArchitectDefine Security Requirements

l         Solution ArchitectDefine Safety Requirements

u       Allocate Product-Component Requirements 

l         Solution ArchitectAllocate Product Component Requirements

u       Identify Interface Requirements

l         Solution ArchitectDefine Interface Requirements

3)        Analyze and Validate Requirements

u       Establish Operational Concepts and Scenarios

l         User Experience ArchitectDevelop Lifestyle Snapshot

l         Business AnalystWrite Quality of Service Requirements

l         Business AnalystWrite Scenarios

l         User Experience ArchitectStoryboard Scenarios

l         Solution ArchitectDefine Operational Requirements

u       Establish a Definition of Required Functionality 

l         Solution ArchitectDevelop a Domain Model

l         Solution ArchitectDefine Functional Requirements 

l         Solution ArchitectDefine Interface Requirements 

l         Solution ArchitectDefine Security Requirements 

l         Solution ArchitectDefine Safety Requirements 

l         Solution ArchitectDefine Operational Requirements  

u       Analyze Requirements 

l         User Experience ArchitectDevelop a User Interface Flow Model

l         Solution ArchitectDevelop a Domain Model

u       Analyze Requirements to Achieve Balance 

l         Business AnalystPrioritize Quality of Service Requirements

l         Business AnalystPrioritize Scenarios

l         User Experience ArchitectDevelop a User Interface Flow Model

l         Solution ArchitectDevelop a Domain Model

l         Project ManagerSelect Iteration Backlog

u       Validate Requirements With Comprehensive Methods

l         Solution ArchitectValidate Quality of Service Requirements

l         User Experience ArchitectValidate Scenarios

l         Subject Matter ExpertValidate Requirements

2.         Requirements Management

n         Manage Requirements

u       Obtain an Understanding of Requirements 

l         Business AnalystBrainstorm Scenarios

l         Business AnalystBrainstorm Quality of Service Requirements

u       Obtain Commitment to Requirements 

l         Project ManagerObtain Iteration Commitments

l         Project ManagerObtain Project Commitments

u       Manage Requirements Changes 

l         Business AnalystAnalyze Change Request

l         Release ManagerTrack Change Requests

u       Maintain Bidirectional Traceability of Requirements 

u       Identify Inconsistencies Between Project Work and Requirements

l         AuditorIdentify Inconsistencies

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