10月晨读 I Have a Dream, 让我一改往日的多任务听课模式，竖起耳朵、疯狂记录，唯恐落下任何重要的知识点。以下将随堂笔记按语意、赏析、语音、方法和背诵这几方面，分类整理。
语意
1. join with 与...一起（区分join）
2. go down in history = take your place in history 名垂千古
3. momentous: very important（iPhone XS发布会中也用到了这个词，大词与小词交替使用）
4. decree /dɪˈkri:/ 这里指 the Emancipation Proclamation《解放奴隶宣言》
5. sear 原意是灼烧，此处为文学用法，指处于水深火热之中
6. joyous daybreak 黎明的曙光
7. end the long night 结束漫漫长夜
8. When the song ends, people scatter. 曲终人散
9. cold call 抽查
10. textbook example 教科书般的例子
11. cripple 对应 not free
12. manacle /ˈmænəkəl/ 镣铐；chain 铁链
13. segregation /ˌseɡrɪˈɡeɪʃən/ 隔离；discrimination /dɪˌskrɪməˈneɪʃən/ 歧视 （押韵）
14. poverty 贫困；prosperity 发达、兴旺（对应、押韵）
15. a vast ocean of material prosperity 这里指美国（欣欣向荣、发展得好。具有时代性）
16. languish = suffer 这里是文学用法，表示受苦、受折磨
17. society: enter society (进入社会，没有定冠词)；high society = polite society 上流社会
18. find oneself + n. / + ing
19. dramatize 使引人注目，与 the elephant in the room (装看不见)一起记忆。其他以-ize结尾的词：idolize (崇拜), demonize (妖魔化), monetize (变现), weaponize (变成武器), finalize, paralyze, socialize等。
20. being bedded by the emperor = emperor's summons 翻牌
21. in a sense 可以这么说（承上启下）
22. cash a check (兑现支票，这里类比的修辞很形象) 和 sign/default on* the promissory note (签/违约期票) 对应 insufficient funds** (余额不足)，说明只说不做。
*default on 在这里是违约、拖欠的意思（与介词一起记忆）
**insufficient funds 的本义：ATM取款机显示余额不足 Sorry, you have insufficient funds available.；支票退票盖章NSF = No sufficient funds
23. architect 文中指发起人，而非建筑师
24. our republic = our nation
25. A as well as B = not only B but also A，即表示强调A。三项类比可用 A and B as well as C
26. guarantee sb sth 或 would be guaranteed sth
27. the unalienable Rights 不可剥夺的权利
38. "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." 出自《独立宣言》
29. obvious = evident
30. insofar as 在...的范围内
31. this sacred (神圣的) obligation 指 The Declaration of Independence《独立宣言》
32. Talk the talk. Walk the walk.
33. eustress 积极压力；distress 不良压力
34. bankrupt 破产的，用比喻的修辞手法，形象；morally bankrupt 道德败坏的。同样形象的好词：cripple 心理创伤, prevail = win, architect 发起人
35. in the great vaults of opportunity 对应前文的 a vast ocean of material prosperity，vaults 本义是金库，用在这里很应景
36.《经济学人》在2018年10月11日的一篇文章中写到：A brake in demand for cars in China... 用brake（刹车）来形容人们对汽车的需求低迷，非常符合主题、应景
37. be a hard act to follow 望尘莫及
38. hallow 神圣的，与前文的 sacred 同义（换词的多样性），注意区分hollow（空的）
39. remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人做某事 （动介词搭配一起记忆）
40. make sth. real / factor sth. in 当sth.较长时，通常宾语后置
41. sweltering summer; invigorating autumn
42. legitimate discontent 合理的不满，legitimate /ləˈdʒɪtəmət/ = legit /ləˈdʒɪt/；legitimately credible 非常靠谱的
43. blow off steam 发泄怨气
44. a rude awakening 突如其来的醒悟（rude的熟词生义）
45. woke up with a start 猛然惊醒（start的熟词生义）
46. PDA = Public Display of Affection 公开示爱
47. citizenship rights 公民权利
48. business as usual 泰然处之
59. shake 改头换面
50. thirst for = long for 渴求、渴望
51. Make a sentence on the spot.
52. The end doesn't justify the means.
53. butcher your name，butcher 原意为屠夫，这里指搞砸（念错）
54. any takers? 有人接受挑战吗？
55. quick and dirty answer 不假思索的答案
56. high plane = majestic /məˈdʒestɪk/ heights 注意plane的熟词生义，这里指高度，与后面的heighst对应；majestic具有神圣的意味
57. degenerate /dɪ'dʒenəreɪt/ 原意降级的、退化的，这里指变质的
58. physical force 指前文的 physical violence； 与之对应的 soul force 指 Satyagraha（坚持真理）——甘地提出的非暴力主义
59. marvelous new militancy（正向）指前文的 creative protest，即通过语言表达思想
60. engulf 形容情感涌上心头（形象、准确、声音美）；gulf 海湾
61. evidence by 体现（evidence作动词与by搭配）
62. come to realize；get to know 强调过程
63. be tied up with = be inextricably bound to 紧密相连、同辱与共
64. march ahead 原意为前进，这里包含两层意思：不放弃；非暴力（creative protest）
65. There's no turning back. 开弓没有回头箭；没有退路
66. police brutality /bruˈtælɪti/ 警察暴行（也可指城管暴力执法）
67. be heavy with = be fill with 充满（文学用词）；拓展：heavy on salt 口重；light on ice 少冰
68. fatigue of travel 奔波的疲乏
69. mobility （位置或等级的）移动，social mobility 社会流动性
70. strip of = rob of 剥夺
71. vote for 支持、赞同。同义词 in favor of；反义词 vote against
72. Mississippi 拓展：英文中数秒占时常会说 One Mississippi, two Mississippi, three Mississippi...
73. trials and tribulations 大灾大难（成对出现，一起记忆）
74. come fresh from narrow cells 刚刚走出狭小的牢房；FOB = fresh off the boat 初来乍到 （推荐同名书和美剧：一家台湾人移民到美国的趣事）
75. quest for freedom 寻求自由
76. battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality 这里batter指连续击打，而battered做形容词指破旧的，例如battered car/house；stagger 步履蹒跚；persecution 迫害
77. veteran /ˈvetərən/ 老兵，还可指老手、老司机
78. creative suffering 历尽苦难
79. slums and ghettos 贫民区（常一起出现）
80. wallow in the valley of despair 深陷绝望不可自拔。wallow 可指沉浸在负面情绪中（如 wallow in self-pity/grief）；还可指打滚（如 wallow in mud）
81. nip it in the bud 扼杀在萌芽状态
82. He made it up as he went along. = improvise = on the spot 即兴
83. It gets sth. out of your chest. 说出心里话
84. deeply rooted 根深蒂固的
85. live sth. out 实践（宾语过长时后置）
86. self-evident = crystal clear = clear-cut = obvious = evident = It goes without saying... 不言而喻的、不证自明的、显而易见的
87. It sticks in your mind. 余音绕梁不绝于耳，萦绕在心
88. be conditioned to 习惯于；be wired to 连接到
89. 形容肤色：白 fair, pale, light；黑 dark, tanned
90. Beat him to the punch. 先发制人
91. run a convincing bluff 令人信服的虚张声势，摆出唬人的架势
92. down in Alabama 因为Alabama是美国南部的一个州（deep south 的代表），且种族歧视严重
93. racist 种族歧视；sexist 性别歧视
94. interposition 插手；nullification 废除
95. be framed 被诳
96. time is up 没时间了
97. hew out of A B = hew B out of A 从A上开采B，例如 Hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. 同样的还有take out of A B，例如 Take out of the bag a book.
98. the jangling discords 刺耳的声音、喋喋不休的吵闹，对应后面的 a beautiful symphony
99. stand up for = stick up for 维护、捍卫，例如 You got to speak up and stand up for it.
100. no-brainer 傻瓜都知道的问题
101. come in handy = be useful for a certain purpose
102. Old habits die hard. 积习难改
103. prodigal son 浪子回头；prodigious 巨大的
104. snow-capped = snow-clad 冰雪覆盖的；iron-clad 银装素裹的
105. make a mountain out of a molehill 小题大做
106. hamlet = a very small village
107. allow sth. to do = let sth. (to) do
108. speed up 加速
赏析
1. 第一段首句的happy和第二段末句的joyous同样表示高兴，互换就不合适(cheesy)。happy的同义词还有elated, delighted, glad, joyful, overjoyed, thrilled等。
2. Five score years ago即hundred years ago，这里模仿了 Lincoln's Gettysburg Address 中的 Four score and seven years，以此致敬。
3. 插入语可以使表达更有层次；头韵体现韵律美，例如 ..., in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation.
4. 用准确的动词配上两个平行结构且带有尾韵名词，例如 One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination.
5. 语言美。用大量比喻，形成画面感，有韵律，很形象。例如 One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity.
6. 表示强调，可用yes, as well as 和重复的方式，例如 This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men... 以及 America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked "insufficient funds."
7. 用同样的句子结构，选择不同的意象，形成声音和画面的双重震撼，例如 ... we've come to cash this check, a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice. 其中，this check, a check 与上一段的 a bad check, a check 同样用到重复表强调；the riches of freedom and the security of justice 与前文 the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination 都通过平行结构，用应景的意象来类比。
8. This is no time... no time 在语言上更优美，态度上更坚决。no 比 not any更有强调意味。
9. 头韵虽好，但不要为了押韵而押韵，例如 ... from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. 后面的sunlit path就没有刻意押韵。valley 原意为山谷，在诗歌和《圣经》中经常出现。
10. 平行结构，用词讲究。例如 This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. 时间紧、任务急，我们要彻底的变化，不要三分钟热血。the luxury of cooling off 在文中指视而不见、安于天命比为维护自己的权益而搞点事情要舒服；the tranquilizing drug 是镇定剂。
11. 首语重复(anaphora)的修辞方法，对应的意象，前后呼应。例如 Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of God's children.
(1) 加之上句连续三句以Now is the time开头，强调现在是时候了。这让人联想到林肯的 We cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground 和丘吉尔的 We shall fight...we shall fight...。
(2) quicksands本义是流沙，这里意指时间越久越危险；对应的solid rock为坚石，solid有可靠的、靠谱的意思，rock也可指可以依靠的人或物，如 My father is my rock. 《圣经》中有这样两段：
The LORD is my solid rock, my fortress, my rescuer. My God is my rock— I take refuge in him!— he's my shield, my salvation's strength, my place of.
He plucked me out of a pit of confusion, even out of the quicksand; he placed my feet on a rock and established my steps.
(3) make justice a reality 与前文的make sth. real 呼应，指要说话算话。t
12. 短句承上启下，可缓解听觉疲劳，例如 Nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning. 其中end和beginning形成对比，此时语调变化的核心重点在两个对比词上。
13. 学一个句式：There will be neither...nor...until...
原文：And there will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights.
造句：There will be neither having breakfast nor taking a rest until I finish my After-Action Review.
14. 前后对比，形成对称。例如 In the process of gaining our rightful place, we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. 正当的地位和错误的行为通过对称形成对比。be guilty of 有...之罪。
15. 前后对应，强调同命相连、荣辱与共。...have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny. And they have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom. （their 和 our形成对比，朗读时强调）
16. 最后谈到孩子的问题，引起大家的重视和共鸣。只有打动人才能促使大家展开行动。We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their self-hood and robbed of their dignity by signs stating: "For Whites Only." self-hood 原意为自我，在这里指人格、教育和更多的可能性。
17. 引用圣经中的句子。例如 "justice rolls down like waters, and righteousness like a mighty stream." 公正似水奔流，正义如泉喷涌。
18. 双重否定表示强调。例如 I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations. 以及 It's not uncommon...
19. 祈使句（省略Let us）。例如 Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive. 基督教中相信苦难是种救赎，终会苦尽甘来。
20. 使用累赘重复（Redundancy）的修辞突出作者的感慨，加深读者的印象。
例如 I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.
这里 at the table of brotherhood 指情同手足，共叙兄弟情谊，让人联想到前文的 the solid rock of brotherhood。oasis（自由绿洲）是一个新的意象。
21. 前后形成对比；头韵。例如 I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. 再次提到孩子（未来的希望），引起听众共鸣。
22. 隐喻的修辞方法。例如 The fountain of knowledge will dry up unless it is continuously replenished by streams of new learning. 联想：问渠那得清如许，为有源头活水来——朱熹。
23. 排比的修辞方法（一浪压一浪）。例如 I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, and every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight; "and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together." 与前文共计9个 I have a dream，气势恢宏。整段话来自《圣经》，意思是只有大自然翻天覆地的变化，上帝才会出现。朗读时注意有起有伏、张弛有度。
24. 体会重复与变化，节奏和韵律。例如 With this faith, we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day. 与前文共计3个 With this faith，荡气回肠。
语音
1. joyous 元音连读加/j/。
2. million 英美音的两种读法，注意m和n的时长。
3. 在 to, in, as, for 等词前面稍作停顿，通过节奏使表意更清晰。
4. 找到句子中对称的节奏，不用学原声里马丁路德金的黑人口音。
5. 注意 island 的s不发音。
6. night of 和 an exile 连读。
7. fall heir 中h不发音，l和e可连读。
8. as well as, the unalienable Rights of, the pursuit of 连读。
9. that, to which, of, who 弱读。
10. pursuit, news, student 的元音u英音发/ju:/而美音发/u:/。
11. default 作“默认的”含义时重音在前 /'di:fɔ:lt/（柯林斯），其他含义重音在后，为 /dɪ'fɔ:lt/。
12. 注意断句、重音和节奏，不要大喘气。轻重缓急、力求自然，不要过于单一。
13. Martin Luther King Jr. 的读法：Martin - Glottal Stop；Jr. = Junior。
14. supercalifragilisticexpialidocious /ˌsuːpərˌkælɪˌfrædʒɪˌlɪstɪkˌɛkspiˌæ lɪˈdoʊʃəs/
15. children /ˈtʃɪldrən/ 的发音，第一个音节与 chill /tʃɪl/ 相同。
16. captivity, reality, equality 等，t在两个元音之间为 Flap t。
17. 句中出现对比意象时，语调的重点在两个对比词上。
18. inextricably 和 unalienable 注意长音节单词的单词内连读，练顺。
19. ghetto /ˈgetoʊ/ 贫民区 注意发音。
20. Betty bought a bit better butter. 练习 Flap t。
21. 重音位置：New York 等地名和人名重音在后；固定的复合名词（set phrase）重音第一个词，形容词+名词 重音在名词上，例如 WHITE house 指白宫；white HOUSE 指白色的房子。
22. 注意 northern /ˈnɔ:rðərn/ 的发音。
23. truths 的发音，th与s在一起时，由于s过强，th弱化，听上去像/trus/。
24. crooked place/teeth /ˈkrʊkɪd/，类比learned一起记（过去分词和形容词发音不同）。
25. 注意 prodigal /ˈprɑ:dɪgl/ 与 prodigious /prəˈdɪdʒəs/ 的发音区别。
26. content 在不同词性和含义时发音不同：名词（内容） /ˈkɑ:ntent/；（心满意足） /kənˈtent/；动词（是满足）和形容词（心满意足的、心甘情愿的）也是 /kənˈtent/。
27. when, ten, men 等词一起练，将鼻音和元音分开。
28. 注意英语和中文发音的舌位区别（一样是不对的）。
方法
1. 按语块整体记忆，例如 a great beacon light of hope。
2. 长音节单词慢下来念熟，例如《解放奴隶宣言》the Emancipation Proclamation /ði: ɪˌmænsəˈpeʃən ˌprɑ:kləˈmeɪʃən/；《独立宣言》the Declaration /ˌdeklə'reɪʃən/ of Independence /ˌɪndɪ'pendəns/ ；（美国）宪法 Constitution /'kɑnstə'tu:ʃən/。
3. 通过图片搜索单词。
4. 用最简单、日常说话的方式真诚表达。
5. 读懂再背，注意细节，克服恐惧。
6. 不用纠结语言中nonsensical的东西，记住就好。
7. 关注修辞手法(Rhetorical figures)，反复出现的意象(Tropes)和主题/母题(Motif)。
8. 注意语域和词源，更地道地用英语。
9. 看中文时常想想英文可以如何表达，看英文时想想还能怎么说（查同义词词典），培养学习意识。
10. 用词只有是否恰当，没有“高大上”和“小学生”。
11. 推荐阅读大久保幸夫的《12个工作的基本》。
12. 写作时的重复与变化：重复造成不断堆积的效果，形成排山倒海之势；而变化保证了多样性。
13. 恰当使用不及物动词，可以达到短促有力的效果。例如 emerge, prevail, boast, loom, vary, help, count 等。
14. 演讲中常常可以通过提问的方法来引起听众的兴趣和注意。
15. 朗读长句前，先快速扫一眼整体的意思，然后按意群断句（谁干了什么事）。有意识地多练！
16. 推荐阅读唐君毅的《青年与学问》。
17. 推荐《人类简史》、范家才的《英文修辞》和 Simon Sinek 的TED演讲（关于黄金法则 Golden Circle: Why, How, What）。
18. 即兴演讲时，当场发挥的内容拼的还是日常的积累。
19. 不要害怕自己因为不知道文化背景而读不懂文章，查就好了。大家都一样，不要因此而丧失信心。
20. 在参加活动或社群学习时，一定要想法设法让别人能记住你，这样他们才更愿意帮助你，自己也会收获更多。不要做“小透明”！
21. 发音（或语义）但凡有一点不确定，就去查。以教为学。
22. 不要总否定自己，也不要总自以为是。Know thyself!
23. 从别人的反馈中，有则改之无则加勉。要学会学习。
24. 注意积累带连字符(hyphen)的单词，如 bullet-riddled, how-to, know-how, go-getter 等。
背诵佳句
1. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity.
2. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. （建议背诵）
3. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination.
4. This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the "unalienable Rights" of "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness."
5. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of God's children.
6. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred. —— 马博士的理念（甘地倡导非暴力运动）
7. This sweltering summer of the Negro's legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality.（建议背诵）
8. And they have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom.
9. We cannot walk alone. And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead. We cannot turn back.（建议背诵）
10. Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to South Carolina, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed.
11. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.
12. With this faith, we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.
13. Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!
其他未进行归纳的细节，附上我的随堂鬼画符照片，备查。