基于WS-AtomicTransaction标准的WCF远程分布式事务(一)


.net remoting的事务传播以及wcf分布式事务 中,我们用TIP协在.net remoting协议上实现了远程事务,其本质是通过将TIP事务的TIP URL传递到远程机器上,然后由远程机器通过TIP协议连接到事务协调器上,但是总体看下来还是有一些缺点:
(1)实现起来还是有点麻烦。
(2)特别是如果涉及多台服务器,多个服务都参与到事务中的时候,那样需要将TIP URL传来传去,换言之,需要自己实现事务传播,那更是麻烦。
(3)不支持异构系统,比如除了调用.net remoting外,还需要调用j2ee的web service的话,那根本就不可能做到AtomicTransaction了。

相对而言,WCF在远程分布式事务传播上就简单得多了,而且远程分布式事务传播是WCF内部实现的,使用起来只需要在配置文件上和Contract上面加上一些特性即可。与TIP事务不同,WCF是通过实现WS-Transaction,WS-Coordination, WS-AtomicTransaction,而这几个都不是微软自己的协议,是一套工业标准。只要服务方的基础架构也实现了这套工业标准,WCF实现的WS就可以和WebSphere实现的WS在实现分布式事务。
废话少说,我们就来看看怎么用WCF实现基于WS-AT的远程分布式事务吧(假设有两台服务器MachineA和MachineB参与了分布式事务)。

第一件要做的事情就是配置MSDTC,让它只是WS-AT协议
1、安装Windows Communication Foundation 更新程序 (KB912817)
2、使用Windows SDKs的工具MakeCert.exe,为MachineA和MachineB生成X.509证书(分别称为CertA和CertB)
      MakeCert.exe -r -pe -sky exchange -n "CN=MachineA" -ss Root -sr LocalMachine
      MakeCert.exe -r -pe -sky exchange -n "CN=MachineB" -ss Root -sr LocalMachine
      这里需要注意的是"CN=MachineA"中的服务器名,需要用FQDN,比如MachineA在域cos.com,那么就需要用"CN=MachineA.cos.com",而不是MachineA。
3、在MachineA中,从证书中的计算机帐号Trusted Root Certificate Authority Node区到处证书CertA,并导入到Personal 区域(导出时需要同时导出私钥)。在MachineB也做同样的操作。
基于WS-AtomicTransaction标准的WCF远程分布式事务(一)
4、在MachineA将CertA的公钥导出到文件CertA.cer,并导入到MachineB的计算机帐号中的Trusted Root Certificate Authority Node区域和Personal区域。同样将CertB的公钥导出到MachineA的计算机帐号中的Trusted Root Certificate Authority Node区域和Personal区域。
5、配置MSDTC,启用WS-AT协议。
      注册程序集wsatui.dll(可以在Windows SDKs的bin目录找到该文件,默认安装目录是C:\Program Files\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v6.0\Bin),执行命令:
      regasm /codebase C:\Program Files\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v6.0\Bin\wsatui.dll
6、执行了上面的操作後,打开MSDTC的配置,就会看到多了一个WS-AT的Tab。在里面配置一下相关的参数:
         (1)选择启用WS-AT
         (2)设置Https端口,默认是443,但为了避免冲突,我设成了1443
         (3)设置Endpoint Certificate,对于MachineA,选择CertA,对于MachineB,选择CertB
         (4)设置Authorized certificates,对于MachineA,选择CertB,对于MachineA,选择CertA(如果有多台服务器参与分布式事务,可以选择多个cert) 
     基于WS-AtomicTransaction标准的WCF远程分布式事务(一)

到此为止已经配置好启用WS-AT协议了,接下来就可以写WCF程序来跑跑WS-AT协议了。

第二步:写WCF程序
和一般的WCF程序差不多,唯一的区别就是配置上有所不同,和需要在Contract的方法上面加一些特性。对于接口方法,加上特性:[TransactionFlow(TransactionFlowOption.Mandatory)]。对于实现类,加上特性:[OperationBehavior(TransactionScopeRequired=true)]


    [ServiceContract()]
    
public   interface  ICustomerService
    
{
        [OperationContract]
        [TransactionFlow(TransactionFlowOption.Mandatory)]
        
int Update(int customerID);

        [OperationContract]
        
string GetCustomerName(int customerID);
        
    }


public   class  CustomerService : ICustomerService
    
{
        [OperationBehavior(TransactionScopeRequired
=true)]
        
public int Update(int customerID)
        
{
            
try
            
{
                Console.WriteLine(
"Update Customer");
                
using (SqlConnection cn = new SqlConnection("Server=.;Integrated security=true;initial catalog=learningsite"))
                
{
                    cn.Open();
                    SqlCommand cmd 
= new SqlCommand("Update Customers Set CustomerName=CustomerName + Cast(@CustomerID as varchar(10)) where customerID = @customerID", cn);
                    cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue(
"@CustomerID", customerID);
                    
return cmd.ExecuteNonQuery() > 0 ? 0 : -1;
                }

            }

            
catch (Exception ex)
            
{
                Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString());
                
return -1;
            }
            
        }

                
        
public string GetCustomerName(int customerID)
        
{
            
string now = DateTime.Now.ToString();
            Console.WriteLine(
"CustomerName");
            
return "CustomerName";
        }

    }

配置文件方面,我们使用customBinding(当然,也可以使用wsHttpBinding,它只支持WS-AT协议)。客户端配置如下:


    
< system .serviceModel >
        
< diagnostics >
            
< messageLogging  logEntireMessage ="true"  logMalformedMessages ="true"  logMessagesAtServiceLevel ="true"  logMessagesAtTransportLevel ="true"   />
        
</ diagnostics >
        
< behaviors  />
        
< bindings >
            
< customBinding >
                
< binding  name ="httpWSAT" >
                    
< transactionFlow  transactionProtocol ="WSAtomicTransactionOctober2004"   />
                    
< httpTransport  />
                
</ binding >
            
</ customBinding >
            
< netTcpBinding >
                
< binding  name ="netTCPWSAT"  transactionFlow ="true"  transactionProtocol ="OleTransactions"   />
            
</ netTcpBinding >
            
< wsHttpBinding >
                
< binding  name ="wsTransaction"  transactionFlow ="true" >
                    
< security  mode ="None"   />
                
</ binding >
            
</ wsHttpBinding >
        
</ bindings >
        
< client >
            
< endpoint  address ="http://li/CustomerService"  binding ="customBinding"
             bindingConfiguration
="httpWSAT"  contract ="ICustomerService"  name ="ICustomerService" >
                
< identity >
                    
< userPrincipalName  value ="domain\username"   />
                
</ identity >
            
</ endpoint >
            
< endpoint  address ="http://li/OrderService"  binding ="customBinding"
             bindingConfiguration
="httpWSAT"  contract ="WCFTransactionClient.OrderService.IOrderService"
             name
="IOrderService" >
                
< identity >
                    
< userPrincipalName  value ="domain\username"   />
                
</ identity >
            
</ endpoint >
        
</ client >
    
</ system.serviceModel >


服务器端配置:

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"  ?>
< configuration >
    
< system .serviceModel >
        
< diagnostics  performanceCounters ="Off"   />
        
< behaviors >
            
< serviceBehaviors >
                
< behavior  name ="metadataSupport" >
                    
< serviceMetadata  httpGetEnabled ="true"  httpsGetEnabled ="false"   />
                
</ behavior >
            
</ serviceBehaviors >
        
</ behaviors >
        
< bindings >
            
< customBinding >
                
< binding  name ="httpWSATBinding" >
                    
< transactionFlow  transactionProtocol ="WSAtomicTransactionOctober2004"   />
                    
< httpTransport />
                
</ binding >
            
</ customBinding >
            
< netTcpBinding >
                
< binding  name ="netTCPWSATBinding"  transactionFlow ="true"  transactionProtocol ="WSAtomicTransactionOctober2004"   />
            
</ netTcpBinding >
            
< wsHttpBinding >
                
< binding  name ="wsTransaction"  transactionFlow ="true" >
                    
< security  mode ="None"   />
                
</ binding >
            
</ wsHttpBinding >
        
</ bindings >
        
< services >
            
< service  behaviorConfiguration ="metadataSupport"  name ="WCFTransactionLib.CustomerService" >
                
< endpoint  address =""  binding ="customBinding"  bindingConfiguration ="httpWSATBinding"
                 contract
="WCFTransactionLib.ICustomerService"   />
                
< host >
                    
< baseAddresses >
                        
< add  baseAddress ="http://li/CustomerService"   />
                    
</ baseAddresses >
                
</ host >
            
</ service >
            
< service  behaviorConfiguration ="metadataSupport"  name ="WCFTransactionLib.OrderService" >
                
< endpoint  address =""  binding ="customBinding"  bindingConfiguration ="httpWSATBinding"
                 contract
="WCFTransactionLib.IOrderService"   />
                
< host >
                    
< baseAddresses >
                        
< add  baseAddress ="http://li/OrderService"   />
                    
</ baseAddresses >
                
</ host >
            
</ service >
        
</ services >
    
</ system.serviceModel >
</ configuration >

配置文件里面有一点需要注意的,就是在endpoint address和baseAddress中使用的地址中的服务器地址必须使用和生成X.509证书一样的地址,比如必须用http://MachineA.cos.com,而不是http://192.168.1.101或者http://MachineA。这个是ssl证书的要求:)

废话少说了,先附上测试用的源代码吧
/Files/walkinhill/wcftransactiondemosolutionnew.zip
已经写了不少了,只好把通过分析WCF程序之间交互的消息来看看WS-AT的原理的。只好留作下一篇在写WS-AT消息的内容和WS-AT和OleTx协议的一些差别了:)

参考资料:
http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms733943.aspx

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