centos7装python3，并安装requests, lxml，bs4和phantomjs模块

一.  安装python3并设为默认版本，与python2共存

安装python3.6可能使用的依赖

# yum install openssl-devel bzip2-devel expat-devel gdbm-devel readline-devel sqlite-devel

1、下载Python3.6安装包 解压、编译、安装

新安装的最新centos7最小化安装没有安装wget，所以要安装一下

# yum install wget

# wget  https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.6/Python-3.6.6.tgz

# tar -xzvf Python-3.6.6.tgz 

# cd  Python-3.6.6

把Python3.6安装到 /usr/local 目录,使用make altinstall，如果使用make install，在系统中将会有两个不同版本的Python在/usr/bin/目录中。这将会导致很多问题

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local    或者   ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3

如果遇到：configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH

解决方法：# yum install gcc

# make

# make install  或者     make altinstall

更改/usr/bin/python链接  创建Python3.6的链接,并且设置python3为默认版本（CentOS6.7默认安装的是Python2）

# cd  /usr/bin

# mv  python python.backup

# ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python

# ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python3

更改yum脚本的python依赖

# cd /usr/bin

# ls yum*

# vi /usr/bin/yum

# vi /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down

因为执行yum需要python2版本，所以我们还要修改yum的配置,  更改以上文件头为:

#!/usr/bin/python    改为    #!/usr/bin/python2

之后python3.6就完成了,能够同时使用python3.6和python2.7.

setuptools安装

wget --no-check-certificate https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-19.6.tar.gz#md5=c607dd118eae682c44ed146367a17e26

tar -zxvf setuptools-19.6.tar.gz

cd setuptools-19.6

sudo python3 setup.py build

sudo python3 setup.py install

pip3安装

wget --no-check-certificate https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pip/pip-8.0.2.tar.gz#md5=3a73c4188f8dbad6a1e6f6d44d117eeb

tar -zxvf pip-8.0.2.tar.gz

cd  pip-8.0.2

sudo python3 setup.py build

sudo python3 setup.py install

sudo ln -s /usr/local/python3.6/bin/pip3   /usr/bin/pip

sudo ln -s /usr/local/python3.6/bin/pip3   /usr/bin/pip3

建议把pip和python分别指向pip3和python3！

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二.  安装模块

1. 安装bs4

wget https://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/bs4/download/4.5/beautifulsoup4-4.5.1.tar.gz

   tar xvzf beautifulsoup4-4.5.1.tar.gz

   cd beautifulsoup4-4.5.1 

   python setup.py install

2. 安装requests

   wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py

   python get-pip.py 

   pip install requests

3. 安装lxml，依赖有libxml2-devel，libxslt-devel

    yum install libxml2-devel libxslt-devel -y

    pip install lxml

4. 安装phantomjs模块

官网：http://phantomjs.org/

wgethttps://bitbucket.org/ariya/phantomjs/downloads/phantomjs-2.1.1-linux-x86_64.tar.bz2

yum install bzip2      # 安装bzip2

tar -jxvf phantomjs-2.1.1-linux-x86_64.tar.bz2

mv phantomjs-2.1.1-linux-x86_64 /usr/local/src/phantomjs

ln -sf /usr/local/src/phantomjs/bin/phantomjs /usr/local/bin/phantomjs

yum install fontconfig freetype2

phantomjs -v        # 测试版本号

简单的python  selenium 运用

from selenium import webdriver

driver=webdriver.PhantomJS(executable_path='/usr/local/bin/phantomjs')

driver.get('')

driver.find_element_by_id("").clear()

driver.find_element_by_id("").send_keys('')

driver.find_element_by_xpath("").click()