Central nervous system(CNS) = brain + spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system(PNS) 坐骨神经 = not cns
Handy-dandy brain model
Cerebellum can tell where the front is, which hemisphere is
Brain stem is what the woman is holding, an old area of the brain.
The big hemisphere(newer part) wrap the brain stem
术语：reference term：rostral caudal
Rostral - anterior, superior
Caudal - towards the tail end, back, posterior
The cerebellum will be a caudally located structure
Dorsal, ventral
Dorsal - upper surface 上表面
Ventral - under surface 下表面
？？
medial and lateral
medial - mid line
Lateral - away from the mid
These are relative terms
Devide the brain into 5 subdivisions
Start from rostral to caudal
Telencephalon
Diencephalon
Diencephalon = thalamus + hypothalamus!image.png
Mesencephalon :
Metencephalon 后脑 = cerebellum小脑 + pons脑桥
Myelencephalon:
Let’s start with telencephalon 中脑
Telencephalon is the most recently evolved area of the brain
The outer surface of the telencephalon is called the cortex, which is believed to be the seed of the mind
下一个，间脑diencephalon
A dorsal division is called thalamus丘脑
A ventral division is called hypothalamus下丘脑
两者都有许多小部分构成
Thalamus有对门(anteroom, the room before the main room)的意思，所有需要进入皮层cortex的信息都需要经过丘脑
下丘脑
功能：maintain homeostasis in the body: temperature control体温调节
mesencephalon中脑 midbrain
reflexes，
比如下面这个superior colliculus（/rostral colliculus）就是中脑的一个部分
colliculus means little hill, so it’s rostrally located little hill, is involved in visual reflexes
不同生物的上丘脑的功能各不相同
metencephalon 后脑
= cerebellum 小脑（学习动作。。） + pons脑桥，
Pons means bridge, connect the cerebellum to access the brain
皮层下了决定，然后通过脑桥联系小脑，小脑执行必要的动作
Myelencephalon is the last subdivision of the brain.
Myelencephalon = medulla = medulla oblongata
Is the very old area of the brain.
终脑， 思考 telencephalon
间脑，平衡 diencephalon
中脑，反射 mesencephalon
后脑，运动 metencephalon
末脑，传输 myelencephalon
Spinal cord
Forebrain前脑 = telencephalon + diencephalon
Represent the most recently evolved, and most highly developed areas
Hindbrain caudal structure: medulla and etc.
Can be found in any animal that has a brain, unconscious part of the brain.
Brain stem = myelencephalon + metencephalon + mesencephalon
脑干= 末脑，中脑， 后脑
前脑坐在脑干上