python语法-文件和异常

一、从文件中读取数据:
文本文件可以存储数据:天气数据、交通数据、社会经济数据、文学作品等。
1,读取整个文件:

with open('pi_digits.txt') as file_object:
    contents = file_object.read()
    print(contents)

2,文件路径:
相对路径:当前py存储路径下


图片.png

绝对路径:随便什么地方都可以


图片.png

3,逐行读取:
for line in file_object:

4,创建一个包含文件各行内容的列表

filename = 'text_files/pi_digits.txt'

with open(filename) as file_object:
    lines = file_object.readlines()

for line in lines:
    print(line.rstrip())

5,使用文件的内容:

pi_string = ''
for line in lines:
    pi_string +=line.rstrip()

6,包含一个百万位的大型文件:

print(pi_string[:52] + "...")

7,圆周率值中包含你的生日吗?

birthday = input("Enter your birthday,in the form mmddyy:")
if birthday in pi_string:
    print("Your birthday appears in the first million digits of pi!")
else:
    print("Your birthday does not appears in the first million digits of pi!")

二、写入文件
1,写入空文件('r'读取模式,'w'写入模式,'a'附加模式):
python只能讲字符串写入文本文件。要将数值数据存储到文本文件中,必须先使用str()将其转换为字符串格式。

with open(filename,'w') as file_object:
    file_object.write("I love programming.")

2,写入多行,可以使用空格、制表符和空行来设置输出的格式。
三、异常:
1,使用try-except代码块,使用异常避免崩溃

print("Give me two numbers,and I'll divide them.")
print("Enter 'q' to quit.")

while True:
    first_number = input("\nFirst number:")
    if first_number == 'q':
        break
    second_number = input("Second number:")
    if second_number == 'q':
        break
    try:
        answer = int(first_number)/int(second_number)
    except ZeroDivisionError as e:
        print("You can't divide by 0!")
    else:
        print(answer)

执行的错误代码放在try中,except告诉python出错怎么处理,else try代码成功执行后的执行顺序。
2,处理FileNotFoundError错误:

try:
    with open(filename) as f_obj:
        contents = f_obj.read()
except FileNotFoundError:
    msg = "Sorry,the file" + filename + " dose not exist."
    print(msg)

3,使用多个文件:

filenames = ['text_files/programming.txt','text_files/pi_digits.txt','text_files/111.txt']
for filename in filenames:
    count_words(filename)

4,失败时一声不吭,try except后加pass语句
四、存储数据
1,使用json.dump()和json.load(),可以以json格式存储文件,即时程序关闭后也能引用。

import json

numbers = [2,3,5,7,11,13]

filename = 'text_files/numbers.json'
with open(filename,'w') as f_obj:
    json.dump(numbers,f_obj)
import json

filename = 'text_files/numbers.json'
with open(filename) as f_obj:
    numbers = json.load(f_obj)

print(numbers)

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