复习英语语法--主宾代词、所有格

主宾代词

类型 备注
主语代词 I you he she it we you they 在动词之前
宾语代词 me you him her it us you them 用在动词或介词之后

例句:
I will take it to you.
Please give it to me.

所有形容词(表示“某人的”)

类型 备注
所有形容词 my your his her its our your their 表示“某人的”

注意:its表示它的,而it's是it is的简写。

如The dog is playing its ball. (狗在玩它的球)
It is like a ball.(它像一个球)

所有代词

类型 备注
所有代词 mine yours his hers ours yours theirs 表示xx的物品

注意:所有形容词和所有代词都不使用's或’来表示所有格;此外上表没有its,因此its只表示"它的",不表示它的物品。
如That pencil is her's(错)That pencil is hers(对)

与之对应,使用whose来进行提问,如:
Whose pen is this? It's John's
Whose are these? I don't konw- they aren't mine.

所有格(表示“某物/人的”)

表示“xx的”有两种方式:

方式一:用of ,如the population of the town.

如果xx表示物,则多用of,如I didn't see the end of the film. 而不用I didn't see the film's end.

方式二:'s或',如children's books,the girls' room;

如果xx表示人,则多用's,如She is Sam's sister,而不用She is the sister of Sam.

【重点】加's与'的区别,只要词结尾是s(复数形式也算),则直接加‘,否则都加's;

  • 以s结尾:the sailors' boat、parents' house
  • 不以s结尾:John's car、my mother's garden;

当句意思清晰时,可以省略’s或'之后名词。

什么时候意思清晰?'s之后在上一句的提到,或指家、店、服务时。

比如Is this your mobile phone? No, it's John's. # 省略了phone
Shall we go to Anthony's for lunch?# 省略了home
I need to go to the dentist's. # 省略了shop

其它代词

类型 备注
代词 this that these those one ones 这个、那个、这些、那些、一个

1.this/these表示在我们身边的事物,或离我们近的;that/those表示不在我们身边的事物;

注意,these是this的复数形式,those是that的复数形式,ones是one的复数形式。

This is a good meal. # 这是一顿美餐。时间就在最近

That was a good meal.# 那是一顿美餐。过去的时间 细细体会区别

2.对于one,只能使用代替可数名词,不能代替不可数名词。

(错)I prefer pop music to classical one.

(对)I prefer pop music to classical music.

3.我们使用this/that/these/those + one(s)来表示我们想要或表示的词。
Can you pass me some plates? Those ones on the top shelf.

反身代词

类型 备注
反身代词 myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves youselves themselves 我自己,你自己、他自己..

例句:we enjoyed ourselves at the party. (had fun)
do sth by myself:表示自己完成某事。
如I live by myself.(I live alone)

注意:当主宾不一致时,使用each other
(错)Anna and Susan like themselves.
(对)Anna and Susan like each other. (等于Anna likes Susan and Susan likes Anna)

不定代词

不定代词用来指代那些不清楚的物或人。

类型 备注
不定代词 someone/somebody anyone/anybody everyone/everybody no one/nobody 某个/某人、任何物/任何人、每个/每人、没有一个/没有人

可以使用some/any/every+不定量词来扩展,如something,anything,everywhere。

注意:英语中不使用双否定。
(错)I didn't eat nothing.
(对)I didn't eat anything.

此外不定代词的动词使用单数形式。
(错)Everyone are sleeping in my bed.
(对)Everyone is sleeping in my bed.

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